Find zeroes to be flipped so that number of consecutive 1's is maximized

Given a binary array and an integer m, find the position of zeroes flipping which creates maximum number of consecutive 1’s in array.

Examples :

Input:   arr[] = {1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1}
         m = 2
Output:  5 7
We are allowed to flip maximum 2 zeroes. If we flip
arr[5] and arr[7], we get 8 consecutive 1's which is
maximum possible under given constraints 

Input:   arr[] = {1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1}
         m = 1
Output:  7
We are allowed to flip maximum 1 zero. If we flip 
arr[7], we get 5 consecutive 1's which is maximum 
possible under given constraints.

Input:   arr[] = {0, 0, 0, 1}
         m = 4
Output:  0 1 2
Since m is more than number of zeroes, we can flip
all zeroes.

Source: http://www.careercup.com/question?id=5106425965576192

Recommended: Please solve it on “PRACTICE” first, before moving on to the solution.

A Simple Solution is to consider every subarray by running two loops. For every subarray, count number of zeroes in it. Return the maximum size subarray with m or less zeroes. Time Complexity of this solution is O(n²).

A Better Solution is to use auxiliary space to solve the problem in O(n) time.

For all positions of 0’s calculate left[] and right[] which defines the number of consecutive 1’s to the left of i and right of i respectively.

For example, for arr[] = {1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1} and m = 1, left[2] = 2 and right[2] = 2, left[5] = 2 and right[5] = 0, left[6] = 0 and right[6] = 3.

left[] and right[] can be filled in O(n) time by traversing array once and keeping track of last seen 1 and last seen 0. While filling left[] and right[], we also store indexes of all zeroes in a third array say zeroes[]. For above example, this third array stores {2, 5, 6}

Now traverse zeroes[] and for all consecutive m entries in this array, compute the sum of 1s that can be produced. This step can be done in O(n) using left[] and right[].

An Efficient Solution can solve the problem in O(n) time and O(1) space. The idea is to use Sliding Window for the given array. The solution is taken from here.
Let us use a window covering from index wL to index wR. Let the number of zeros inside the window be zeroCount. We maintain the window with at most m zeros inside.

The main steps are:
– While zeroCount is no more than m: expand the window to the right (wR++) and update the count zeroCount.
– While zeroCount exceeds m, shrink the window from left (wL++), update zeroCount;
– Update the widest window along the way. The positions of output zeros are inside the best window.

Below is the implementation of the idea.

C++

// C++ program to find positions of zeroes flipping which 
// produces maximum number of xonsecutive 1's 
#include<bits/stdc++.h> 
using namespace std; 
  
// m is maximum of number zeroes allowed to flip 
// n is size of array 
void findZeroes(int arr[], int n, int m) 
{ 
    // Left and right indexes of current window 
    int wL = 0, wR = 0;  
  
    // Left index and size of the widest window  
    int bestL = 0, bestWindow = 0;  
  
    // Count of zeroes in current window 
    int zeroCount = 0;  
  
    // While right boundary of current window doesn't cross  
    // right end 
    while (wR < n) 
    { 
        // If zero count of current window is less than m, 
        // widen the window toward right 
        if (zeroCount <= m) 
        { 
            if (arr[wR] == 0) 
              zeroCount++; 
            wR++; 
        } 
  
        // If zero count of current window is more than m, 
        // reduce the window from left 
        if (zeroCount > m) 
        { 
            if (arr[wL] == 0) 
              zeroCount--; 
            wL++; 
        } 
  
        // Updqate widest window if this window size is more 
        if ((wR-wL > bestWindow) && (zeroCount<=m)) 
        { 
            bestWindow = wR-wL; 
            bestL = wL; 
        } 
    } 
  
    // Print positions of zeroes in the widest window 
    for (int i=0; i<bestWindow; i++) 
    { 
        if (arr[bestL+i] == 0) 
           cout << bestL+i << " "; 
    } 
} 
  
// Driver program 
int main() 
{ 
   int arr[] = {1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1}; 
   int m = 2; 
   int n =  sizeof(arr)/sizeof(arr[0]); 
   cout << "Indexes of zeroes to be flipped are "; 
   findZeroes(arr, n, m); 
   return 0; 
} 

Java

//Java to find positions of zeroes flipping which 
// produces maximum number of consecutive 1's 
class Test 
{ 
    static int arr[] = new int[]{1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1}; 
      
    // m is maximum of number zeroes allowed to flip 
    static void findZeroes(int m) 
    { 
        // Left and right indexes of current window 
        int wL = 0, wR = 0;  
      
        // Left index and size of the widest window  
        int bestL = 0, bestWindow = 0;  
      
        // Count of zeroes in current window 
        int zeroCount = 0;  
      
        // While right boundary of current window doesn't cross  
        // right end 
        while (wR < arr.length) 
        { 
            // If zero count of current window is less than m, 
            // widen the window toward right 
            if (zeroCount <= m) 
            { 
                if (arr[wR] == 0) 
                zeroCount++; 
                wR++; 
            } 
      
            // If zero count of current window is more than m, 
            // reduce the window from left 
            if (zeroCount > m) 
            { 
                if (arr[wL] == 0) 
                zeroCount--; 
                wL++; 
            } 
      
            // Update widest window if this window size is more 
            if ((wR-wL > bestWindow) && (zeroCount<=m)) 
            { 
                bestWindow = wR-wL; 
                bestL = wL; 
            } 
        } 
      
        // Print positions of zeroes in the widest window 
        for (int i=0; i<bestWindow; i++) 
        { 
            if (arr[bestL+i] == 0) 
            System.out.print(bestL+i + " "); 
        } 
    } 
      
    // Driver method to test the above function 
    public static void main(String[] args)  
    { 
        int m = 2; 
        System.out.println("Indexes of zeroes to be flipped are "); 
          
        findZeroes(m); 
    } 
} 

Python3

# Python3 program to find positions 
# of zeroes flipping which produces 
# maximum number of xonsecutive 1's 
  
# m is maximum of number zeroes allowed  
# to flip, n is size of array 
def findZeroes(arr, n, m) : 
      
    # Left and right indexes of current window 
    wL = wR = 0
  
    # Left index and size of the widest window  
    bestL = bestWindow = 0
  
    # Count of zeroes in current window 
    zeroCount = 0
  
    # While right boundary of current  
    # window doesn't cross right end 
    while wR < n: 
          
        # If zero count of current window is less than m, 
        # widen the window toward right 
        if zeroCount <= m : 
            if arr[wR] == 0 : 
                zeroCount += 1
            wR += 1
  
        # If zero count of current window is more than m, 
        # reduce the window from left 
        if zeroCount > m : 
            if arr[wL] == 0 : 
                zeroCount -= 1
            wL += 1
  
        # Updqate widest window if 
        # this window size is more 
        if (wR-wL > bestWindow) and (zeroCount<=m) : 
            bestWindow = wR - wL 
            bestL = wL 
  
    # Print positions of zeroes  
    # in the widest window 
    for i in range(0, bestWindow): 
        if arr[bestL + i] == 0: 
            print (bestL + i, end = " ") 
  
# Driver program 
arr = [1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1] 
m = 2
n = len(arr) 
print ("Indexes of zeroes to be flipped are", end = " ") 
findZeroes(arr, n, m) 
  
# This code is contributed by Shreyanshi Arun. 

C#

// C# to find positions of zeroes flipping which 
// produces maximum number of consecutive 1's 
using System; 
  
class Test 
{ 
    static int []arr = new int[]{1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 
                                0, 1, 0, 1, 1}; 
      
    // m is maximum of number zeroes allowed to flip 
    static void findZeroes(int m) 
    { 
        // Left and right indexes of current window 
        int wL = 0, wR = 0;  
      
        // Left index and size of the widest window  
        int bestL = 0, bestWindow = 0;  
      
        // Count of zeroes in current window 
        int zeroCount = 0;  
      
        // While right boundary of current  
        // window doesn't cross right end 
        while (wR < arr.Length) 
        { 
            // If zero count of current window is less 
            // than m, widen the window toward right 
            if (zeroCount <= m) 
            { 
                if (arr[wR] == 0) 
                zeroCount++; 
                wR++; 
            } 
      
            // If zero count of current window is more than m, 
            // reduce the window from left 
            if (zeroCount > m) 
            { 
                if (arr[wL] == 0) 
                zeroCount--; 
                wL++; 
            } 
      
            // Update widest window if this window size is more 
            if ((wR-wL > bestWindow) && (zeroCount<=m)) 
            { 
                bestWindow = wR-wL; 
                bestL = wL; 
            } 
        } 
      
        // Print positions of zeroes in the widest window 
        for (int i = 0; i < bestWindow; i++) 
        { 
            if (arr[bestL + i] == 0) 
            Console.Write(bestL + i + " "); 
        } 
    } 
      
    // Driver method to test the above function 
    public static void Main(String[] args)  
    { 
        int m = 2; 
        Console.Write("Indexes of zeroes to be flipped are "); 
        findZeroes(m); 
    } 
} 
  
// This code is contributed by parashar 

PHP

<?php 
// PHP program to find positions of 
// zeroes flipping which produces  
// maximum number of xonsecutive 1's 
  
// m is maximum of number zeroes 
// allowed to flip n is size of array 
function findZeroes($arr, $n, $m) 
{ 
      
    // Left and right indexes 
    // of current window 
    $wL = 0; 
    $wR = 0;  
  
    // Left index and size of  
    // the widest window  
    $bestL = 0;  
    $bestWindow = 0;  
  
    // Count of zeroes in 
    // current window 
    $zeroCount = 0;  
  
    // While right boundary of  
    // current window doesn't cross  
    // right end 
    while ($wR < $n) 
    { 
          
        // If zero count of current  
        // window is less than m, 
        // widen the window toward right 
        if ($zeroCount <= $m) 
        { 
            if ($arr[$wR] == 0) 
            $zeroCount++; 
            $wR++; 
        } 
  
        // If zero count of current 
        // window is more than m, 
        // reduce the window from left 
        if ($zeroCount > $m) 
        { 
            if ($arr[$wL] == 0) 
            $zeroCount--; 
            $wL++; 
        } 
  
        // Updqate widest window if 
        // this window size is more 
        if (($wR-$wL > $bestWindow) && ($zeroCount<=$m)) 
        { 
            $bestWindow = $wR - $wL; 
            $bestL = $wL; 
        } 
    } 
  
    // Print positions of zeroes 
    // in the widest window 
    for($i = 0; $i < $bestWindow; $i++) 
    { 
        if ($arr[$bestL + $i] == 0) 
        echo $bestL + $i . " "; 
    } 
} 
  
    // Driver Code 
    $arr = array(1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1); 
    $m = 2; 
    $n = sizeof($arr)/sizeof($arr[0]); 
    echo "Indexes of zeroes to be flipped are "; 
    findZeroes($arr, $n, $m); 
    return 0; 
  
// This code is contributed by nitin mittal. 
?> 

Output :

Indexes of zeroes to be flipped are 5 7

This article is contributed by Ekta Goel. Please write comments if you find anything incorrect, or you want to share more information about the topic discussed above.

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My Personal Notes

Find zeroes to be flipped so that number of consecutive 1’s is maximized

Recommended: Please solve it on “PRACTICE” first, before moving on to the solution.

C++

Java

Python3

C#

PHP

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