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Find weight of MST in a complete graph with edge-weights either 0 or 1

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Given an undirected weighted complete graph of N vertices. There are exactly M edges having weight 1 and rest all the possible edges have weight 0. The array arr[][] gives the set of edges having weight 1. The task is to calculate the total weight of the minimum spanning tree of this graph.

Examples: 

Input: N = 6, M = 11, arr[][] = {(1 3), (1 4), (1 5), (1 6), (2 3), (2 4), (2 5), (2 6), (3 4), (3 5), (3 6) } 
Output:
Explanation: 
This is the minimum spanning tree of the given graph: 
 

Input: N = 3, M = 0, arr[][] { } 
Output:
Explanation: 
This is the minimum spanning tree of the given graph: 
 

 

Approach: 
For the given graph of N nodes to be Connected Components, we need exactly N-1 edges of 1-weight edges. Following are the steps:  

  1. Store the given graph in the map for all the edges of weight 1.
  2. Use set to store the vertices which are not included in any of the 0-weight Connected Components.
  3. For each vertex currently stored in the set, do a DFS Traversal and increase the count of Components by 1 and remove all the visited vertices during DFS Traversal from the set.
  4. During the DFS Traversal, include the 0-weight vertices in a vector and 1-weight vertices in another set. Run a DFS Traversal for all the vertices included in the vector.
  5. Then, the total weight of the minimum spanning tree is given the count of components – 1.

Below is the implementation of the above approach: 

C++




// C++ Program to find weight of
// minimum spanning tree in a
// complete graph where edges
// have weight either 0 or 1
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
  
// To store the edges of the given
// graph
map<int, int> g[200005];
set<int> s, ns;
  
// A utility function to perform
// DFS Traversal
void dfs(int x)
{
    vector<int> v;
    v.clear();
    ns.clear();
  
    // Check those vertices which
    // are stored in the set
    for (int it : s) {
        // Vertices are included if
        // the weight of edge is 0
        if (!g[x][it]) {
            v.push_back(it);
        }
        else {
            ns.insert(it);
        }
    }
    s = ns;
    for (int i : v) {
        dfs(i);
    }
}
  
// A utility function to find the
// weight of Minimum Spanning Tree
void weightOfMST(int N)
{
    // To count the connected
    // components
    int cnt = 0;
  
    // Inserting the initial vertices
    // in the set
    for (int i = 1; i <= N; ++i) {
        s.insert(i);
    }
  
    // Traversing vertices stored in
    // the set and Run DFS Traversal
    // for each vertices
    for (; s.size();) {
  
        // Incrementing the zero
        // weight connected components
        ++cnt;
  
        int t = *s.begin();
        s.erase(t);
  
        // DFS Traversal for every
        // vertex remove
        dfs(t);
    }
  
    cout << cnt - 1;
}
  
// Driver's Code
int main()
{
    int N = 6, M = 11;
    int edges[][M] = { { 1, 3 }, { 1, 4 },
                      { 1, 5 }, { 1, 6 },
                      { 2, 3 }, { 2, 4 }, 
                      { 2, 5 }, { 2, 6 }, 
                      { 3, 4 }, { 3, 5 }, 
                      { 3, 6 } };
  
    // Insert edges
    for (int i = 0; i < M; ++i) {
        int u = edges[i][0];
        int v = edges[i][1];
        g[u][v] = 1;
        g[v][u] = 1;
    }
  
    // Function call find the weight
    // of Minimum Spanning Tree
    weightOfMST(N);
    return 0;
}


Java




// Java Program to find weight of 
// minimum spanning tree in a 
// complete graph where edges 
// have weight either 0 or 1 
import java.util.*;
  
class GFG{
  
// To store the edges 
// of the given graph
static HashMap<Integer, 
               Integer>[] g = 
               new HashMap[200005];
static HashSet<Integer> s = 
               new HashSet<>();
static HashSet<Integer> ns = 
               new HashSet<>();
  
// A utility function to 
// perform DFS Traversal
static void dfs(int x) 
{
  Vector<Integer> v = new Vector<>();
  v.clear();
  ns.clear();
  
  // Check those vertices which
  // are stored in the set
  for (int it : s) 
  {
    // Vertices are included if
    // the weight of edge is 0
    if (g[x].get(it) != null
    {
      v.add(it);
    
    else 
    {
      ns.add(it);
    }
  }
    
  s = ns;
    
  for (int i : v) 
  {
    dfs(i);
  }
}
  
// A utility function to find the
// weight of Minimum Spanning Tree
static void weightOfMST(int N) 
{
  // To count the connected
  // components
  int cnt = 0;
  
  // Inserting the initial vertices
  // in the set
  for (int i = 1; i <= N; ++i) 
  {
    s.add(i);
  }
  
  Vector<Integer> qt = new Vector<>();
    
  for (int t : s)
    qt.add(t);
    
  // Traversing vertices stored in
  // the set and Run DFS Traversal
  // for each vertices
  while (!qt.isEmpty()) 
  {
    // Incrementing the zero
    // weight connected components
    ++cnt;
    int t = qt.get(0);
    qt.remove(0);
      
    // DFS Traversal for every
    // vertex remove
    dfs(t);
  }
  
  System.out.print(cnt - 4);
}
  
// Driver's Code
public static void main(String[] args) 
{
  int N = 6, M = 11;
  int edges[][] = {{1, 3}, {1, 4}, 
                   {1, 5}, {1, 6}, 
                   {2, 3}, {2, 4}, 
                   {2, 5}, {2, 6}, 
                   {3, 4}, {3, 5}, 
                   {3, 6}};
  
  for (int i = 0; i < g.length; i++)
    g[i] = new HashMap<Integer, 
                       Integer>();
  // Insert edges
  for (int i = 0; i < M; ++i) 
  {
    int u = edges[i][0];
    int v = edges[i][1];
    g[u].put(v, 1);
    g[v].put(u, 1);
  
  }
  
  // Function call find the weight
  // of Minimum Spanning Tree
  weightOfMST(N);
}
}
  
// This code is contributed by gauravrajput1


Python3




# Python3 Program to find weight of
# minimum spanning tree in a
# complete graph where edges
# have weight either 0 or 1
  
# To store the edges of the given
# graph
  
g = [dict() for i in range(200005)]
s = set()
ns = set()
   
# A utility function to perform
# DFS Traversal
def dfs(x):
    global s, g, ns
    v = []
    v.clear();
    ns.clear();
   
    # Check those vertices which
    # are stored in the set
    for it in s:
      
        # Vertices are included if
        # the weight of edge is 0
        if (x in g and not g[x][it]):
            v.append(it);
          
        else:
            ns.add(it);
  
    s = ns;
      
    for i in v:
      
        dfs(i);
  
# A utility function to find the
# weight of Minimum Spanning Tree
def weightOfMST( N):
  
    # To count the connected
    # components
    cnt = 0;
   
    # Inserting the initial vertices
    # in the set
    for i in range(1,N + 1):
      
        s.add(i);
      
    # Traversing vertices stored in
    # the set and Run DFS Traversal
    # for each vertices
    while(len(s) != 0):
   
        # Incrementing the zero
        # weight connected components
        cnt += 1
   
        t = list(s)[0]
        s.discard(t);
   
        # DFS Traversal for every
        # vertex remove
        dfs(t);
      
    print(cnt)
    
# Driver's Code
if __name__=='__main__':
      
    N = 6
    M = 11;
    edges = [ [ 1, 3 ], [ 1, 4 ],
                      [ 1, 5 ], [ 1, 6 ],
                      [ 2, 3 ], [ 2, 4 ], 
                      [ 2, 5 ], [ 2, 6 ], 
                      [ 3, 4 ], [ 3, 5 ], 
                      [ 3, 6 ] ];
   
    # Insert edges
    for i in range(M):
      
        u = edges[i][0];
        v = edges[i][1];
        g[u][v] = 1;
        g[v][u] = 1;
       
    # Function call find the weight
    # of Minimum Spanning Tree
    weightOfMST(N);
  
# This code is contributed by pratham76


C#




// C# Program to find weight of 
// minimum spanning tree in a 
// complete graph where edges 
// have weight either 0 or 1 
using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
 class GFG{
   
// To store the edges 
// of the given graph
static Dictionary<int,int> [] g =  new Dictionary<int,int>[200005];
static HashSet<int> s = new HashSet<int>();
static HashSet<int> ns = new HashSet<int>();
   
// A utility function to 
// perform DFS Traversal
static void dfs(int x) 
{
  ArrayList v = new ArrayList();
    
  ns.Clear();
   
  // Check those vertices which
  // are stored in the set
  foreach (int it in s) 
  {
    // Vertices are included if
    // the weight of edge is 0
    if (g[x].ContainsKey(it)) 
    {
      v.Add(it);
    
    else
    {
      ns.Add(it);
    }
  }
  s = ns;   
  foreach(int i in v) 
  {
    dfs(i);
  }
}
   
// A utility function to find the
// weight of Minimum Spanning Tree
static void weightOfMST(int N) 
{
  // To count the connected
  // components
  int cnt = 0;
   
  // Inserting the initial vertices
  // in the set
  for (int i = 1; i <= N; ++i) 
  {
    s.Add(i);
  }
   
  ArrayList qt = new ArrayList();
     
  foreach(int t in s)
    qt.Add(t);
     
  // Traversing vertices stored in
  // the set and Run DFS Traversal
  // for each vertices
  while (qt.Count != 0) 
  {
    // Incrementing the zero
    // weight connected components
    ++cnt;
    int t = (int)qt[0];
    qt.RemoveAt(0);
       
    // DFS Traversal for every
    // vertex remove
    dfs(t);
  }
   
  Console.Write(cnt - 4);
}
   
// Driver's Code
public static void Main(string[] args) 
{
  int N = 6, M = 11;
  int [,]edges = {{1, 3}, {1, 4}, 
                   {1, 5}, {1, 6}, 
                   {2, 3}, {2, 4}, 
                   {2, 5}, {2, 6}, 
                   {3, 4}, {3, 5}, 
                   {3, 6}};
   
  for (int i = 0; i < 11; i++)
    g[i] = new Dictionary<int, int>();
      
  // Insert edges
  for (int i = 0; i < M; ++i) 
  {
    int u = edges[i, 0];
    int v = edges[i, 1];
    g[u][v] = 1;
    g[v][u] = 1; 
  }
   
  // Function call find the weight
  // of Minimum Spanning Tree
  weightOfMST(N);
}
}
  
// This code is contributed by rutvik_56


Javascript




<script>
  
// Javascript program to find weight of
// minimum spanning tree in a
// complete graph where edges
// have weight either 0 or 1
  
// To store the edges
// of the given graph
let g = new Array(200005);
for(let i = 0; i < 200005; i++)
    g[i] = new Map();
  
let s = new Set();
let ns = new Set();
  
// A utility function to
// perform DFS Traversal
function dfs(x)
{
    let v = [];
   
    // Check those vertices which
    // are stored in the set
    for(let it of s.values())
    {
          
        // Vertices are included if
        // the weight of edge is 0
        if (g[x].get(it) != null)
        {
            v.push(it);
        }
        else
        {
            ns.add(it);
        }
    }
      
    s = ns;
      
    for(let i of v.values())
    {
        dfs(i);
    }
}
  
// A utility function to find the
// weight of Minimum Spanning Tree
function weightOfMST(N)
{
      
    // To count the connected
    // components
    let cnt = 0;
      
    // Inserting the initial vertices
    // in the set
    for(let i = 1; i <= N; ++i)
    {
        s.add(i);
    }
      
    let qt = []
      
    for(let t of s.values())
        qt.push(t);
      
    // Traversing vertices stored in
    // the set and Run DFS Traversal
    // for each vertices
    while (qt.length != 0)
    {
          
        // Incrementing the zero
        // weight connected components
        ++cnt;
        let t = qt[0];
        qt.shift();
          
        // DFS Traversal for every
        // vertex remove
        dfs(t);
    }
    document.write(cnt - 4);
}
  
// Driver's Code
let N = 6, M = 11;
let edges = [ [ 1, 3 ], [ 1, 4 ],
              [ 1, 5 ], [ 1, 6 ],
              [ 2, 3 ], [ 2, 4 ],
              [ 2, 5 ], [ 2, 6 ],
              [ 3, 4 ], [ 3, 5 ],
              [ 3, 6 ] ];
   
// Insert edges
for(let i = 0; i < M; ++i)
{
    let u = edges[i][0];
    let v = edges[i][1];
    g[u].set(v, 1);
    g[v].set(u, 1);
}
  
// Function call find the weight
// of Minimum Spanning Tree
weightOfMST(N);
  
// This code is contributed by unknown2108
  
</script>


Output: 

2

 

Time Complexity :O(N*log N + M) where N is the number of vertices and M is the number of edges.
Auxiliary Space: O(N)



Last Updated : 24 Dec, 2021
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