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Find unique pairs such that each element is less than or equal to N

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Given an integer N, find and show the number of pairs which satisfies the following conditions:

  • Square of distance between those two numbers is equal to the LCM of those two numbers.
  • The GCD of those two numbers is equal to the product of two consecutive integers.
  • Both numbers in the pair should be less than or equal to N.

NOTE: Only those pairs should be displayed which follows both the above conditions simultaneously and those numbers must be less than or equal to N.

Examples:  

Input: 10
Output: No. of pairs = 1
        Pair no. 1 --> (2, 4)

Input: 500
Output: No. of pairs = 7
        Pair no. 1 --> (2, 4)
        Pair no. 2 --> (12, 18)
        Pair no. 3 --> (36, 48)
        Pair no. 4 --> (80, 100)
        Pair no. 5 --> (150, 180)
        Pair no. 6 --> (252, 294)
        Pair no. 7 --> (392, 448)

Explanation:
The tables shown below will give a clear view of what is to be found :  

Above tables show GCD formed by the product of two consecutive numbers and its corresponding multiples in which UNIQUE PAIR exists corresponding to each value. Green entries in each row form a unique pair for corresponding GCD.
Note: In the above tables,  

  1. For 1st entry, GCD=2, 1st and the 2nd multiple of 2 form the Unique Pair, (2, 4)
  2. Similarly, for the 2nd entry, GCD=6, 2nd and the 3rd multiple of 6 form the Unique Pair, (12, 18)
  3. Similarly, moving on, for Zth entry, i.e for GCD = Z*(Z+1), it is clear that the unique pair will comprise of Zth and (Z+1)th multiple of GCD = Z*(Z+1). Now, Zth multiple of GCD is Z * (Z*(Z+1)) and (Z+1)th multiple of GCD will be (Z + 1) * (Z*(Z+1)).
  4. And as the limit is N, so the second number in the unique pair must be less than or equal to the N. So, (Z + 1) * (Z*(Z+1)) <= N. Simplifying it further, the desired relation is derived Z3 + (2*Z2) + Z <=N

This forms a pattern and from the mathematical calculation, it is derived that for a given N, the total number of such unique pairs (say, Z) will follow a mathematical relation shown below: 

Z3 + (2*Z2) + Z <= N

Below is the required implementation:  

C




// C program for finding the required pairs
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
 
// Finding the number of unique pairs
int No_Of_Pairs(int N)
{
    int i = 1;
 
    // Using the derived formula
    while ((i * i * i) + (2 * i * i) + i <= N)
        i++;
 
    return (i - 1);
}
 
// Printing the unique pairs
void print_pairs(int pairs)
{
    int i = 1, mul;
    for (i = 1; i <= pairs; i++) {
        mul = i * (i + 1);
        printf("Pair no. %d --> (%d, %d)\n",
               i, (mul * i), mul * (i + 1));
    }
}
 
// Driver program to test above functions
int main()
{
    int N = 500, pairs, mul, i = 1;
    pairs = No_Of_Pairs(N);
 
    printf("No. of pairs = %d \n", pairs);
    print_pairs(pairs);
 
    return 0;
}


Java




// Java program for finding
// the required pairs
import java.io.*;
 
class GFG
{
     
    // Finding the number
    // of unique pairs
    static int No_Of_Pairs(int N)
    {
        int i = 1;
     
        // Using the derived formula
        while ((i * i * i) +
               (2 * i * i) + i <= N)
            i++;
     
        return (i - 1);
    }
     
    // Printing the unique pairs
    static void print_pairs(int pairs)
    {
        int i = 1, mul;
        for (i = 1; i <= pairs; i++)
        {
            mul = i * (i + 1);
            System.out.println("Pair no. " + i + " --> (" +
                                         (mul * i) + ", " +
                                      mul * (i + 1) + ")");
        }
    }
     
    // Driver code
    public static void main (String[] args)
    {
        int N = 500, pairs, mul, i = 1;
        pairs = No_Of_Pairs(N);
     
        System.out.println("No. of pairs = " + pairs);
        print_pairs(pairs);
    }
}
 
// This code is contributed by Mahadev.


Python3




# Python3 program for finding the required pairs
 
# Finding the number of unique pairs
def No_Of_Pairs(N):
 
    i = 1;
 
    # Using the derived formula
    while ((i * i * i) + (2 * i * i) + i <= N):
        i += 1;
 
    return (i - 1);
 
# Printing the unique pairs
def print_pairs(pairs):
 
    i = 1;
    mul = 0;
    for i in range(1, pairs + 1):
        mul = i * (i + 1);
        print("Pair no." , i, " --> (", (mul * i),
                        ", ", mul * (i + 1), ")");
 
# Driver Code
N = 500;
i = 1;
pairs = No_Of_Pairs(N);
 
print("No. of pairs = ", pairs);
print_pairs(pairs);
 
# This code is contributed
# by mits


C#




// C# program for finding
// the required pairs
using System;
 
class GFG
{
     
// Finding the number
// of unique pairs
static int No_Of_Pairs(int N)
{
    int i = 1;
 
    // Using the derived formula
    while ((i * i * i) +
           (2 * i * i) + i <= N)
        i++;
 
    return (i - 1);
}
 
// Printing the unique pairs
static void print_pairs(int pairs)
{
    int i = 1, mul;
    for (i = 1; i <= pairs; i++)
    {
        mul = i * (i + 1);
        Console.WriteLine("Pair no. " + i + " --> (" +
                                    (mul * i) + ", " +
                                 mul * (i + 1) + ")");
    }
}
 
// Driver code
static void Main()
{
    int N = 500, pairs;
    pairs = No_Of_Pairs(N);
 
    Console.WriteLine("No. of pairs = " +
                                  pairs);
    print_pairs(pairs);
}
}
 
// This code is contributed by mits


PHP




<?php
// PHP program for finding
// the required pairs
 
// Finding the number
// of unique pairs
function No_Of_Pairs($N)
{
    $i = 1;
 
    // Using the
    // derived formula
    while (($i * $i * $i) +
            (2 * $i * $i) +
                $i <= $N)
        $i++;
 
    return ($i - 1);
}
 
// Printing the unique pairs
function print_pairs($pairs)
{
    $i = 1; $mul;
    for ($i = 1;
         $i <= $pairs; $i++)
    {
        $mul = $i * ($i + 1);
        echo "Pair no." ,
              $i, " --> (" ,
             ($mul * $i), ", ",
              $mul * ($i + 1),") \n";
    }
}
 
// Driver Code
$N = 500; $pairs;
$mul; $i = 1;
$pairs = No_Of_Pairs($N);
 
echo "No. of pairs = ",
        $pairs , " \n";
print_pairs($pairs);
 
// This code is contributed
// by Akanksha Rai(Abby_akku)
?>


Javascript




<script>
 
// Javascript program for finding the
// required pairs
 
// Finding the number of unique pairs
function No_Of_Pairs(N)
{
    let i = 1;
 
    // Using the derived formula
    while ((i * i * i) +
           (2 * i * i) + i <= N)
        i++;
 
    return (i - 1);
}
 
// Printing the unique pairs
function print_pairs(pairs)
{
    let i = 1, mul;
    for(i = 1; i <= pairs; i++)
    {
        mul = i * (i + 1);
        document.write("Pair no. " + i +
                       " --> (" + (mul * i) +
                       ", " + mul * (i + 1) +
                       ")<br>");
    }
}
 
// Driver code
let N = 500, pairs, mul, i = 1;
pairs = No_Of_Pairs(N);
 
document.write("No. of pairs = " +
               pairs + "<br>");
print_pairs(pairs);
 
// This code is contributed by mohit kumar 29
 
</script>


C++14




// C++ code for the above approach:
 
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
 
// Finding the number of unique pairs
int No_Of_Pairs(int N)
{
    int i = 1;
 
    // Using the derived formula
    while ((i * i * i) + (2 * i * i) + i <= N)
        i++;
 
    return (i - 1);
}
 
// Printing the unique pairs
void print_pairs(int pairs)
{
    int i = 1, mul;
    for (i = 1; i <= pairs; i++) {
        mul = i * (i + 1);
        cout << "Pair no. "<< i <<" --> (" << (mul * i) << " "<< mul * (i + 1) << ")" <<endl;;
    }
}
 
// Driver Code
int main()
{
    int N = 500, pairs, mul, i = 1;
    pairs = No_Of_Pairs(N);
 
    cout << "No. of pairs = " << pairs << endl;
    print_pairs(pairs);
    return 0;
}


Output: 

No. of pairs = 7 
Pair no. 1 --> (2, 4)
Pair no. 2 --> (12, 18)
Pair no. 3 --> (36, 48)
Pair no. 4 --> (80, 100)
Pair no. 5 --> (150, 180)
Pair no. 6 --> (252, 294)
Pair no. 7 --> (392, 448)

 

Time complexity: O(N1/3)
Auxiliary space: O(1)



Last Updated : 16 Oct, 2022
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