Find other two sides and angles of a right angle triangle

Given one side of right angle triangle, check if there exists a right angle triangle possible with any other two sides of the triangle. If possible print length of the other two sides and all the angles of the triangle. 

Examples:

Input : a = 12 
Output : Sides are a = 12, b = 35, c = 37 
Angles are A = 18.9246, B = 71.0754, C = 90 
Explanation: a = 12, b = 35 and c = 37 form right 
angle triangle because 
12*12 + 35*35 = 37*37
Input : a = 6 
Output : Sides are a = 6, b = 8, c = 10 
Angles are A = 36.8699, B = 53.1301, C = 90 

Approach to check if triangle exists and finding Sides: 
To solve this problem we first observe the Pythagoras equation. If a and b are the lengths of the legs of a right triangle and c is the length of the hypotenuse, then the sum of the squares of the lengths of the legs is equal to the square of the length of the hypotenuse. 
This relationship is represented by the formula:

a*a + b*b = c*c

Case 1: a is an odd number: Given a, find b and c

c2 - b2 = a2
OR
c = (a2 + 1)/2;
b = (a2 - 1)/2;

Above solution works only for case when a is odd, because a2 + 1 is divisible by 2 only for odd a.
Case 2 : a is an even number: When c-b is 2 & c+b is (a2)/2

c-b = 2 & c+b = (a2)/2
Hence,
c = (a2)/4 + 1;
b = (a2)/4 - 1;

This works when a is even.
Approach to find Angles: 
First find all sides of triangle. Then Applied “SSS” rule that’s means law of cosine:

Below is the implementation of the above approach: 

C++

// C++ program to print all sides and angles of right
// angle triangle given one side
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
#include <cmath>
using namespace std;

#define PI 3.1415926535

// Function to find angle A
// Angle in front of side a
double findAnglesA(double a, double b, double c)
{
    // applied cosine rule
    double A = acos((b * b + c * c - a * a) / (2 * b * c));

    // convert into degrees
    return A * 180 / PI;
}

// Function to find angle B
// Angle in front of side b
double findAnglesB(double a, double b, double c)
{
    // applied cosine rule
    double B = acos((a * a + c * c - b * b) / (2 * a * c));

    // convert into degrees and return
    return B * 180 / PI;
}

// Function to print all angles
// of the right angled triangle
void printAngles(int a, int b, int c)
{
    double x = (double)a;
    double y = (double)b;
    double z = (double)c;

    // for calculate angle A
    double A = findAnglesA(x, y, z);

    // for calculate angle B
    double B = findAnglesB(x, y, z);

    cout << "Angles are A = " << A << ", B = " <<
                        B << ", C = " << 90 << endl;
}

// Function to find other two sides of the
// right angled triangle
void printOtherSides(int n)
{
    int b,c;

    // if n is odd
    if (n & 1)
    {
        // case of n = 1 handled separately
        if (n == 1)
            cout << -1 << endl;
        else
        {
            b = (n*n-1)/2;
            c = (n*n+1)/2;
            cout << "Side b = " << b
                << ", Side c = " << c << endl;
        }
    }
    else
    {
        // case of n = 2 handled separately
        if (n == 2)
            cout << -1 << endl;
        else
        {
            b = n*n/4-1;
            c = n*n/4+1;
            cout << "Side b = " << b
                << ", Side c = " << c << endl;
        }
    }

    // Print angles of the triangle
    printAngles(n,b,c);
}

// Driver Program
int main()
{
    int a = 12;

    printOtherSides(a);

    return 0;
}

Java

// Java program to print all sides and angles of right
// angle triangle given one side


import java.io.*;

class GFG {


static double  PI = 3.1415926535;

// Function to find angle A
// Angle in front of side a
static double findAnglesA(double a, double b, double c)
{
    // applied cosine rule
    double A = Math.acos((b * b + c * c - a * a) / (2 * b * c));

    // convert into degrees
    return A * 180 / PI;
}

// Function to find angle B
// Angle in front of side b
static double findAnglesB(double a, double b, double c)
{
    // applied cosine rule
    double B = Math.acos((a * a + c * c - b * b) / (2 * a * c));

    // convert into degrees and return
    return B * 180 / PI;
}

// Function to print all angles
// of the right angled triangle
static void printAngles(int a, int b, int c)
{
    double x = (double)a;
    double y = (double)b;
    double z = (double)c;

    // for calculate angle A
    double A = findAnglesA(x, y, z);

    // for calculate angle B
    double B = findAnglesB(x, y, z);

    System.out.println( "Angles are A = " + A + ", B = " +
                        B + ", C = " + 90);
}

// Function to find other two sides of the
// right angled triangle
static void printOtherSides(int n)
{
    int b=0,c=0;

    // if n is odd
    if ((n & 1)>0)
    {
        // case of n = 1 handled separately
        if (n == 1)
            System.out.println( -1);
        else
        {
            b = (n*n-1)/2;
            c = (n*n+1)/2;
            System.out.println( "Side b = " + b
                + ", Side c = " + c );
        }
    }
    else
    {
        // case of n = 2 handled separately
        if (n == 2)
            System.out.println( -1);
        else
        {
            b = n*n/4-1;
            c = n*n/4+1;
            System.out.println( "Side b = " + b
                + ", Side c = " + c);
        }
    }

    // Print angles of the triangle
    printAngles(n,b,c);
}

// Driver Program


    public static void main (String[] args) {
    int a = 12;

    printOtherSides(a);
    }
}

// This code is contributed
// by inder_verma..

Python 3

# Python 3 program to print all
# sides and angles of right
# angle triangle given one side
import math

PI = 3.1415926535

# Function to find angle A
# Angle in front of side a
def findAnglesA( a, b, c):

    # applied cosine rule
    A = math.acos((b * b + c * c - a * a) /
                              (2 * b * c))

    # convert into degrees
    return A * 180 / PI

# Function to find angle B
# Angle in front of side b
def findAnglesB(a, b, c):

    # applied cosine rule
    B = math.acos((a * a + c * c - b * b) /
                              (2 * a * c))

    # convert into degrees
    # and return
    return B * 180 / PI

# Function to print all angles
# of the right angled triangle
def printAngles(a, b, c):

    x = a
    y = b
    z = c

    # for calculate angle A
    A = findAnglesA(x, y, z)

    # for calculate angle B
    B = findAnglesB(x, y, z)

    print("Angles are A = ", A,
          ", B = ", B , ", C = ", "90 ")

# Function to find other two sides
# of the right angled triangle
def printOtherSides(n):

    # if n is odd
    if (n & 1) :

        # case of n = 1 handled
        # separately
        if (n == 1):
            print("-1")
        else:

            b = (n * n - 1) // 2
            c = (n * n + 1) // 2
            print("Side b = ", b,
                  " Side c = ", c)

    else:

        # case of n = 2 handled
        # separately
        if (n == 2) :
            print("-1")
        else:
            b = n * n // 4 - 1;
            c = n * n // 4 + 1;
            print("Side b = " , b,
                  ", Side c = " , c)

    # Print angles of the triangle
    printAngles(n, b, c)

# Driver Code
if __name__ == "__main__":
    a = 12

    printOtherSides(a)

# This code is contributed
# by ChitraNayal

C#

// C# program to print all sides
// and angles of right angle
// triangle given one side
using System;

class GFG
{
static double PI = 3.1415926535;

// Function to find angle A
// Angle in front of side a
static double findAnglesA(double a,
                          double b, double c)
{
    // applied cosine rule
    double A = Math.Acos((b * b + c *
                          c - a * a) /
                         (2 * b * c));

    // convert into degrees
    return A * 180 / PI;
}

// Function to find angle B
// Angle in front of side b
static double findAnglesB(double a,
                          double b, double c)
{
    // applied cosine rule
    double B = Math.Acos((a * a + c *
                          c - b * b) /
                         (2 * a * c));

    // convert into degrees and return
    return B * 180 / PI;
}

// Function to print all angles
// of the right angled triangle
static void printAngles(int a, int b, int c)
{
    double x = (double)a;
    double y = (double)b;
    double z = (double)c;

    // for calculate angle A
    double A = findAnglesA(x, y, z);

    // for calculate angle B
    double B = findAnglesB(x, y, z);

    Console.WriteLine( "Angles are A = " +
                            A + ", B = " +
                        B + ", C = " + 90);
}

// Function to find other two sides
// of the right angled triangle
static void printOtherSides(int n)
{
    int b = 0, c = 0;

    // if n is odd
    if ((n & 1) > 0)
    {
        // case of n = 1 handled separately
        if (n == 1)
            Console.WriteLine( -1);
        else
        {
            b = (n * n - 1) / 2;
            c = (n * n + 1) / 2;
            Console.WriteLine( "Side b = " + b
                           + ", Side c = " + c);
        }
    }
    else
    {
        // case of n = 2 handled separately
        if (n == 2)
            Console.WriteLine( -1);
        else
        {
            b = n * n / 4 - 1;
            c = n * n / 4 + 1;
            Console.WriteLine( "Side b = " + b +
                             ", Side c = " + c);
        }
    }

    // Print angles of the triangle
    printAngles(n, b, c);
}

// Driver Code
public static void Main ()
{
    int a = 12;

    printOtherSides(a);
}
}

// This code is contributed
// by inder_verma

PHP

<?php
// PHP program to print all sides
// and angles of right angle triangle
// given one side
$PI = 3.1415926535;

// Function to find angle A
// Angle in front of side a
function findAnglesA($a, $b, $c)
{
    global $PI;

    // applied cosine rule
    $A = acos(($b * $b + $c *
               $c - $a * $a) / (2 * $b * $c));

    // convert into degrees
    return $A * 180 / $PI;
}

// Function to find angle B
// Angle in front of side b
function findAnglesB($a, $b, $c)
{
    global $PI;
    // applied cosine rule
    $B = acos(($a * $a + $c *
               $c - $b * $b) / (2 * $a * $c));

    // convert into degrees and return
    return $B * 180 / $PI;
}

// Function to print all angles
// of the right angled triangle
function printAngles($a, $b, $c)
{
    $x = (double)$a;
    $y = (double)$b;
    $z = (double)$c;

    // for calculate angle A
    $A = findAnglesA($x, $y, $z);

    // for calculate angle B
    $B = findAnglesB($x, $y, $z);

    echo "Angles are A = " . $A .
         ", B = " . $B . ", C = 90\n";
}

// Function to find other two sides
// of the right angled triangle
function printOtherSides($n)
{

    // if n is odd
    if ($n & 1)
    {
        // case of n = 1 handled separately
        if ($n == 1)
            echo "-1\n";
        else
        {
            $b = ($n * $n - 1) / 2;
            $c = ($n * $n + 1) / 2;
            echo "Side b = " . $b .
                 ", Side c = " . $c . "\n";
        }
    }
    else
    {
        // case of n = 2 handled separately
        if ($n == 2)
            echo "-1\n";
        else
        {
            $b = $n * $n / 4 - 1;
            $c = $n * $n / 4 + 1;
            echo "Side b = " . $b .
                 ", Side c = " . $c . "\n";
        }
    }

    // Print angles of the triangle
    printAngles($n, $b, $c);
}

// Driver Code
$a = 12;

printOtherSides($a);

// This code is contributed by mits
?>

Javascript

<script>

// Javascript program to print all sides and angles of right
// angle triangle given one side

 let  PI = 3.1415926535;

// Function to find angle A
// Angle in front of side a
function findAnglesA(a, b, c)
{
    // applied cosine rule
    let A = Math.acos((b * b + c * c - a * a) / (2 * b * c));

    // convert into degrees
    return A * 180 / PI;
}

// Function to find angle B
// Angle in front of side b
function findAnglesB(a, b, c)
{
    // applied cosine rule
    let B = Math.acos((a * a + c * c - b * b) / (2 * a * c));

    // convert into degrees and return
    return B * 180 / PI;
}

// Function to print all angles
// of the right angled triangle
function printAngles(a, b, c)
{
    let x = a;
    let y = b;
    let z = c;

    // for calculate angle A
    let A = findAnglesA(x, y, z);

    // for calculate angle B
    let B = findAnglesB(x, y, z);

    document.write( "Angles are A = " + A + ", B = " +
                        B + ", C = " + 90);
}

// Function to find other two sides of the
// right angled triangle
function printOtherSides(n)
{
    let b=0,c=0;

    // if n is odd
    if ((n & 1)>0)
    {
        // case of n = 1 handled separately
        if (n == 1)
            document.write( -1);
        else
        {
            b = (n*n-1)/2;
            c = (n*n+1)/2;
            document.write( "Side b = " + b
                + ", Side c = " + c );
        }
    }
    else
    {
        // case of n = 2 handled separately
        if (n == 2)
            document.write( -1);
        else
        {
            b = n*n/4-1;
            c = n*n/4+1;
            document.write( "Side b = " + b
                + ", Side c = " + c + "<br/>");
        }
    }

    // Print angles of the triangle
    printAngles(n,b,c);
}

// Driver Code

    let a = 12;

    printOtherSides(a);

</script>

Output:

Side b = 35, Side c = 37
Angles are A = 18.9246, B = 71.0754, C = 90

Time Complexity: O(1), since there is no loop or recursion.
Auxiliary Space: O(1), since no extra space has been taken.