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Find given occurrences of Mth most frequent element of Array

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Given an array arr[], integer M and an array query[] containing Q queries, the task is to find the query[i]th occurrence of Mth most frequent element of the array.

Examples:

Input: arr[] = {1, 2, 20, 8, 8, 1, 2, 5, 8, 0, 6, 8, 2},  M = 1, query[] = {100, 4, 2}
Output: -1, 12, 5
Explanation: Here most frequent Integer = 8, with frequency = 4
Thus for Query
1) For k = 100, Output-> -1 (100th element not available)
2) For k = 4, Output -> 12 (4th occurrence of 8 is at 12th index)
3) For k = 2, Output -> 5 (2nd occurrence of 8 is at 5th index)

Input: arr[] = {2, 2, 20, 8, 8, 1, 2, 5}, M = 2, query[] = {2, 3}
Output: 4, -1

 

Approach: The solution to the problem is based on the following idea:

Find the Mth most frequent element. Then store all the occurrences of the integers and find the query[i]th occurrence of the Mth most frequent element.

Follow the steps mentioned below to implement the idea:

  • Declare map for integer and vector. 
  • Traverse through the input array and store the unique elements in the map as keys. 
    • Then push the index of the occurrences of that element into the vector. 
  • Store the unique elements with their frequency and find the Mth most frequent element.
  • Again traverse through the queries.
    • For each query, check if K < vector size then return -1.
    • Else store the indexes of the element.

Follow the below illustration for a better understanding

Illustration:

arr[] = {1, 2, 20, 8, 8, 1, 2, 5, 8, 0, 6, 8, 2}, M = 1
Query_val = {100, 4, 2}

Now for Each element the frequency and occurred indexes are:

1  -> 1, 6           frequency : 2
2  -> 2, 7, 13     frequency : 3
20 -> 3              frequency : 1
8  -> 4, 5, 9, 12  frequency : 4
5  -> 8               frequency : 1
0  -> 10             frequency : 1
6  -> 11             frequency : 1

Thus maximum frequency element = 8 with frequency 4

Now for queries
For k = 100, -> -1  (k > maxfre)
For K = 4,   -> 12  ((K-1) index of vector) 
For K = 2,   -> 5   ((K-1) index of vector)   

Below is the implementation of the above approach: 

C++




// C++ code to implement the above approach
 
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
 
// Function for finding indexes
vector<int> findindexes(vector<int> arr, int M,
                        vector<int> query)
{
    // Unordered map to store the unique
    // element as keys and vector as value
    // to store indexes
    unordered_map<int, vector<int> > fre;
    int n = arr.size();
 
    // Ans vector to store and return
    // indexes occurred
    vector<int> ans;
 
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
 
        // For each key push that particular
        // index+1 1-bases indexing
        fre[arr[i]].push_back(i + 1);
    }
 
    set<pair<int, int> > st;
    for (auto it = fre.begin();
         it != fre.end(); it++) {
        st.insert({ it->second.size(),
                    it->first });
    }
 
    int maxelement, i = 0;
    for (auto it = st.rbegin(); it != st.rend()
                                and i < M;
         it--, i++) {
        maxelement = (*it).second;
    }
 
    for (int i = 0; i < query.size(); i++) {
 
        // If kth index is not available
        if (fre[maxelement].size() < query[i])
            ans.push_back(-1);
        else {
 
            // Storing the indexes
            // of maxfre element
            ans.push_back(
                fre[maxelement][query[i] - 1]);
        }
    }
 
    return ans;
}
 
// Driver code
int main()
{
    // Input array
    vector<int> arr
        = { 1, 2, 20, 8, 8, 1, 2, 5, 8, 0, 6, 8, 2 };
    int M = 1;
    vector<int> query = { 100, 4, 2 };
 
    // Function call
    vector<int> ans = findindexes(arr, M, query);
    for (int i = 0; i < ans.size(); i++) {
        cout << ans[i] << " ";
    }
    return 0;
}


Java




import java.util.*;
import java.io.*;
 
// Java program for the above approach
 
class GFG{
 
  // Function for finding indexes
  public static ArrayList<Integer> findindexes(ArrayList<Integer> arr, int M, ArrayList<Integer> query)
  {
    // Unordered map to store the unique
    // element as keys and vector as value
    // to store indexes
    HashMap<Integer, ArrayList<Integer>> fre = new HashMap<Integer, ArrayList<Integer>>();
    int n = arr.size();
 
    // Ans vector to store and return
    // indexes occurred
    ArrayList<Integer> ans = new ArrayList<Integer>();
 
    int i;
 
    for (i = 0 ; i < n ; i++) {
 
      // For each key push that particular
      // index+1 1-bases indexing
      if(!fre.containsKey(arr.get(i))){
        fre.put(arr.get(i), new ArrayList<Integer>());
      }
      fre.get(arr.get(i)).add(i + 1);
    }
 
    TreeSet<pair> st = new TreeSet<pair>(new Comp());
 
    for (Map.Entry<Integer, ArrayList<Integer>> it : fre.entrySet()){
      st.add(new pair(it.getValue().size(), it.getKey()));
    }
 
    int maxelement = 0;
    i = 0;
    for (pair it : st) {
      if(i >= M) break;
      maxelement = it.second;
      i++;
    }
 
    for (i = 0 ; i < query.size() ; i++) {
 
      // If kth index is not available
      if(!fre.containsKey(maxelement))
      {
        ans.add(-1);
      }
      else
      {
        if (fre.get(maxelement).size() < query.get(i))
          ans.add(-1);
        else {
 
          // Storing the indexes
          // of maxfre element
          ans.add(fre.get(maxelement).get(query.get(i) - 1));
        }
      }
    }
 
    return ans;
  }
 
  // Driver Code
  public static void main(String args[])
  {
    // Input array
    ArrayList<Integer> arr = new ArrayList<Integer>(
      List.of(1, 2, 20, 8, 8, 1, 2, 5, 8, 0, 6, 8, 2)
    );
 
    int M = 1;
    ArrayList<Integer> query = new ArrayList<Integer>(
      List.of(100, 4, 2)
    );
 
    // Function call
    ArrayList<Integer> ans = findindexes(arr, M, query);
    for (int i = 0 ; i < ans.size() ; i++) {
      System.out.print(ans.get(i) + " ");
    }
  }
}
 
public class pair{
  public int first;
  public int second;
 
  public pair(int first,int second){
    this.first = first;
    this.second = second;
  }
}
 
class Comp implements Comparator<pair>{
  public int compare(pair o2, pair o1){
    if(o1.first == o2.first){
      return o1.second - o2.second;
    }
    return o1.first - o2.first;
  }
}
 
// This code is contributed by entertin2022.


Python3




# Python3 code to implement the above approach
 
# Function for finding indexes
def findindexes(arr, M, query):
 
    # Unordered map to store the unique
    # element as keys and vector as value
    # to store indexes
    fre = dict()
    n = len(arr)
 
    # Ans vector to store and return
    # indexes occurred
    ans = []
 
    for i in range(n):
        # For each key push that particular
        # index+1 1-bases indexing
        if arr[i] not in fre:
            fre[arr[i]] = []
        fre[arr[i]].append(i + 1)
 
    st = set()
    for it in fre:
        st.add((len(fre[it]), it))
 
    # sorting the st in reverse
    st = sorted(st, reverse=True)
 
    i = 0
    for it in st:
        if i >= M:
            break
        maxelement = it[1]
        i += 1
 
    for i in range(len(query)):
 
        # If kth index is not available
        if len(fre[maxelement]) < query[i]:
            ans.append(-1)
        else:
 
            # Storing the indexes
            # of maxfre element
            ans.append(fre[maxelement][query[i] - 1])
    return ans
 
# Driver code
 
# Input array
arr = [1, 2, 20, 8, 8, 1, 2, 5, 8, 0, 6, 8, 2]
M = 1
query = [100, 4, 2]
 
# Function call
ans = findindexes(arr, M, query)
print(" ".join(map(str, ans)))
 
# This code is contributed by phasing17


C#




// C# program to implement above approach
using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
 
class GFG
{
 
    // Function for finding indexes
    public static List<int> findindexes(List<int> arr, int M, List<int> query)
    {
        // Unordered map to store the unique
        // element as keys and vector as value
        // to store indexes
        Dictionary<int, List<int>> fre = new Dictionary<int, List<int>>();
        int n = arr.Count;
 
        // Ans vector to store and return
        // indexes occurred
        List<int> ans = new List<int>();
 
        int i;
 
        for (i = 0 ; i < n ; i++) {
 
            // For each key push that particular
            // index+1 1-bases indexing
            if(!fre.ContainsKey(arr[i])){
                fre.Add(arr[i], new List<int>());
            }
            fre[arr[i]].Add(i + 1);
        }
 
        SortedSet<pair> st = new SortedSet<pair>(new Comp());
        foreach(KeyValuePair<int, List<int>> it in fre){
            st.Add(new pair(it.Value.Count, it.Key));
        }
 
        int maxelement = 0;
        i = 0;
        foreach (pair it in st) {
            if(i >= M) break;
            maxelement = it.second;
            i++;
        }
 
        for (i = 0 ; i < query.Count ; i++) {
 
            // If kth index is not available
            if(!fre.ContainsKey(maxelement))
            {
                ans.Add(-1);
            }
            else
            {
                if (fre[maxelement].Count < query[i])
                    ans.Add(-1);
                else {
 
                    // Storing the indexes
                    // of maxfre element
                    ans.Add(fre[maxelement][query[i] - 1]);
                }
            }
        }
 
        return ans;
    }
 
 
    // Driver Code
    public static void Main(string[] args){
         
        // Input array
        List<int> arr = new List<int>{
            1, 2, 20, 8, 8, 1, 2, 5, 8, 0, 6, 8, 2
        };
 
        int M = 1;
        List<int> query = new List<int>{
            100, 4, 2
        };
 
        // Function call
        List<int> ans = findindexes(arr, M, query);
        for (int i = 0 ; i < ans.Count ; i++) {
            Console.Write(ans[i] + " ");
        }
 
    }
}
 
public class pair{
    public int first{ get; set; }
    public int  second{ get; set; }
    public pair(int first,int second){
        this.first = first;
        this.second = second;
    }
}
 
class Comp : IComparer<pair>{
    public int Compare(pair o2,pair o1){
        if(o1.first == o2.first){
            return o1.second - o2.second;
        }
        return o1.first - o2.first;
    }
}


Javascript




//JavaScript code to implement the above approach
 
// Function for finding indexes
function findindexes(arr, M, query)
{
    // Unordered map to store the unique
    // element as keys and vector as value
    // to store indexes
    let fre = {};
    let n = arr.length;
 
    // Ans vector to store and return
    // indexes occurred
    let ans = [];
 
    for (var i = 0; i < n; i++)
    {
        // For each key push that particular
        // index+1 1-bases indexing
        if (!fre.hasOwnProperty(arr[i]))
            fre[arr[i]] = [];
        fre[arr[i]].push(i + 1);
    }
    let st = [];
    for (const [it, val] of Object.entries(fre))
    {
        st.push([fre[it].length, parseInt(it)]);
    }
 
    // sorting the st in reverse
    st.sort();
    st.reverse();
 
    i = 0;
    let maxelement;
    for (var it of st)
    {
        if (i >= M)
            break;
        maxelement = it[1];
        i += 1;
    }
 
    for (var i = 0; i < query.length; i++)
    {
        // If kth index is not available
        if (fre[maxelement].length < query[i])
            ans.push(-1);
        else
        {
            // Storing the indexes
            // of maxfre element
            ans.push(fre[maxelement][query[i] - 1]);
        }
    }
    return ans;
}
     
 
// Driver code
 
// Input array
let arr = [1, 2, 20, 8, 8, 1, 2, 5, 8, 0, 6, 8, 2];
let M = 1;
let query = [100, 4, 2];
 
// Function call
let ans = findindexes(arr, M, query);
console.log(ans.join(" "));
 
// This code is contributed by phasing17


Output

-1 12 5 

Time Complexity: O(N + Q + K * logK) Q = Number of queries, K = number of unique elements.
Auxiliary Space: O(N) where N is extra space as we are using unordered map to store element.  



Last Updated : 20 Feb, 2023
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