Related Articles
Find Nth even length palindromic number formed using digits X and Y
• Difficulty Level : Hard
• Last Updated : 25 Nov, 2019

Given an integer N, the task is to find the Nth even palindromic number of even length and only comprising of the digits X and Y where X, Y > 0.

Examples:

Input: N = 9, X = 4, Y = 5
Output: 454454
Explanation:
Even length palindromic numbers using 4 & 5 are
44, 55, 4444, 4554, 5445, 5555, 444444, 445544, 454454, …
9th term of the above series = 454454

Input: N = 6, X = 1, Y = 2
Output: 2222
Explanation:
Even length palindromic numbers using 1 & 2 are
11, 22, 1111, 1221, 2112, 2222, 111111, 112211, 121121, …
6th term of the above series = 2222

## Recommended: Please try your approach on {IDE} first, before moving on to the solution.

Approach:

• Even length palindromic numbers using X & Y are
XX, YY, XXXX, XYYX, YXXY, YYYY, XXXXXX, XXYYXX, ...
• The above sequence can be observed as:
XX,       -> Length (L) = 2
YY,       -> Length (L) = 2

XXXX,     -> Length (L) = 4
XYYX,     -> Length (L) = 4
YXXY,     -> Length (L) = 4
YYYY,     -> Length (L) = 4

XXXXXX,   -> Length (L) = 6
XXYYXX,   -> Length (L) = 6
XYXXYX,   -> Length (L) = 6
XYYYYX,   -> Length (L) = 6
YXXXXY,   -> Length (L) = 6
YXYYXY,   -> Length (L) = 6
YYXXYY,   -> Length (L) = 6
YYYYYY,   -> Length (L) = 6

XXXXXXXX, -> Length (L) = 8
...

• If we divide any term into 2 halves, the second half is just the reverse of the first half
Example:
Taking the term XXYYXX

Dividing this into 2 halves
XXYYXX = XXY | YXX

So YXX is just the reverse of XXY

• Taking the left half only of the terms and putting X = 0 and Y = 1 to get the Binary String, the numbers of length L can be seen forming a integer sequence from 0 to (2L/2 – 1), taken as Rank (R). Therefore 0 &leq; R &leq; 2L/2 – 1

Therefore the sequence can be observed as follows:

L -> Left Half -> Binary String -> Rank (in Decimal)

2 -> X    -> 0             -> 0
2 -> Y    -> 1             -> 1

4 -> XX   -> 00            -> 0
4 -> XY   -> 01            -> 1
4 -> YX   -> 10            -> 2
4 -> YY   -> 11            -> 3

6 -> XXX  -> 000           -> 0
6 -> XXY  -> 001           -> 1
6 -> XYX  -> 010           -> 2
6 -> XYY  -> 011           -> 3
6 -> YXX  -> 100           -> 4
6 -> YXY  -> 101           -> 5
6 -> YYX  -> 110           -> 6
6 -> YYY  -> 111           -> 7

8 -> XXXX -> 0000          -> 0
...

• Therefore, For the required term N:

Example:

If N = 9,
-> L = 2(ceil(log2(N + 2)) - 1) = 6
-> R = N - 2L/2 + 1 = 2
-> First Half = Binary (2) = 010 = XYX
-> Second Half = Reverse (First Half) = XYX
-> Complete Nth term = First Half + Second Half = XYXXYX
which is the required Nth term.


Below is the implementation of the above approach:

## C++

 // C++ program to find nth even// palindromic number of only even// length composing of 4's and 5's.  #include using namespace std;  // Utility function to compute// n'th palindrome numberstring solve(int n, char x, char y){    // Calculate the length from above    // formula as discussed above    int length = ceil(log2(n + 2)) - 1;      // Calculate rank for length L    int rank = n - (1 << length) + 1;      string left = "", right = "";      for (int i = length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {          // Mask to check if i't bit        // is set or not        int mask = 1 << i;          // If bit is set append '5' else append '4'        bool bit = mask & rank;          if (bit) {            left += y;            right += y;        }        else {            left += x;            right += x;        }    }      reverse(right.begin(), right.end());      return left + right;}  // Driver Codeint main(){    int n = 23;    char x = '4', y = '5';    string ans = solve(n, x, y);    cout << ans << '\n';      return 0;}

## Java

 // Java program to find nth even // palindromic number of only even // length composing of 4's and 5's. import java.util.*;  class GFG{          // Utility function to compute     // n'th palindrome number     static String solve(int n, char x, char y)     {         // Calculate the length from above         // formula as discussed above         int length = (int)Math.ceil(Math.log(n + 2) /                                     Math.log(2)) - 1;               // Calculate rank for length L         int rank = n - (1 << length) + 1;               String left = "", right = "";               for (int i = length -1 ; i >= 0; i--)        {                   // Mask to check if i't bit             // is set or not             int mask = (1 << i);                   // If bit is set append '5' else append '4'             int bit = mask & rank;                           if (bit > 0)            {                 left += y;                 right += y;             }             else             {                 left += x;                 right += x;             }         }                   StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(right);         sb.reverse();                   right = sb.toString();                   String res = left + right;        return res;     }           // Driver Code     public static void main (String[] args)    {         int n = 23;         char x = '4', y = '5';         String ans = solve(n, x, y);         System.out.println(ans);     } }  // This code is contributed by AnkitRai01

## Python3

 # Python3 program to find nth even # palindromic number of only even # length composing of 4's and 5's. from math import ceil, log2  # Utility function to compute # n'th palindrome number def solve(n, x, y) :       # Calculate the length from above     # formula as discussed above     length = ceil(log2(n + 2)) - 1;       # Calculate rank for length L     rank = n - (1 << length) + 1;       left = ""; right = "";       for i in range(length - 1 , -1, -1):          # Mask to check if i't bit         # is set or not         mask = (1 << i);           # If bit is set append '5'         # else append '4'         bit = (mask & rank);           if (bit) :            left += y;             right += y;                       else :            left += x;             right += x;       right = right[::-1];          res = left + right;    return res;  # Driver Code if __name__ == "__main__" :       n = 23;     x = '4';    y = '5';     ans = solve(n, x, y);     print(ans);       # This code is contributed by kanugargng

## C#

 // C# program to find nth even // palindromic number of only even // length composing of 4's and 5's. using System;  class GFG{          // Utility function to compute     // n'th palindrome number     static String solve(int n, char x, char y)     {         // Calculate the length from above         // formula as discussed above         int length = (int)Math.Ceiling(Math.Log(n + 2) /                                        Math.Log(2)) - 1;               // Calculate rank for length L         int rank = n - (1 << length) + 1;               String left = "", right = "";               for (int i = length -1; i >= 0; i--)        {                   // Mask to check if i't bit             // is set or not             int mask = (1 << i);                   // If bit is set append '5'            // else append '4'             int bit = mask & rank;                           if (bit > 0)            {                 left += y;                 right += y;             }             else            {                 left += x;                 right += x;             }         }                   right = reverse(right);        String res = left + right;        return res;     }           static String reverse(String input)     {        char[] a = input.ToCharArray();        int l, r = 0;        r = a.Length - 1;          for (l = 0; l < r; l++, r--)         {            // Swap values of l and r             char temp = a[l];            a[l] = a[r];            a[r] = temp;        }        return String.Join("", a);    }           // Driver Code     public static void Main (String[] args)    {         int n = 23;         char x = '4', y = '5';         String ans = solve(n, x, y);         Console.WriteLine(ans);     } }  // This code is contributed by Rajput-Ji

Time Complexity: where n is the length of string

Attention reader! Don’t stop learning now. Get hold of all the important mathematical concepts for competitive programming with the Essential Maths for CP Course at a student-friendly price. To complete your preparation from learning a language to DS Algo and many more,  please refer Complete Interview Preparation Course.

My Personal Notes arrow_drop_up