Strassen's matrix is a Divide and Conquer method that helps us to multiply two matrices(of size n X n).
You can refer to the link, for having the knowledge about Strassen's Matrix first : Divide and Conquer | Set 5 (Strassen’s Matrix Multiplication) But this method needs to cram few equations, so I'll tell you the simplest way to remember those :
You just need to remember 4 Rules :
- AHED (Learn it as 'Ahead')
- Diagonal
- Last CR
- First CR
Also, consider X as (Row +) and Y as (Column -) matrix Follow the Steps :
- Write P1 = A; P2 = H; P3 = E; P4 = D
- For P5 we will use Diagonal Rule i.e. (Sum the Diagonal Elements Of Matrix X ) * (Sum the Diagonal Elements Of Matrix Y ), we get P5 = (A + D)* (E + H)
- For P6 we will use Last CR Rule i.e. Last Column of X and Last Row of Y and remember that Row+ and Column- so i.e. (B - D) * (G + H), we get P6 = (B - D) * (G + H)
- For P7 we will use First CR Rule i.e. First Column of X and First Row of Y and remember that Row+ and Column- so i.e. (A - C) * (E + F), we get P7 = (A - C) * (E + F)
- Come Back to P1 : we have A there and it's adjacent element in Y Matrix is E, since Y is Column Matrix so we select a column in Y such that E won't come, we find F H Column, so multiply A with (F - H) So, finally P1 = A * (F - H)
- Come Back to P2 : we have H there and it's adjacent element in X Matrix is D, since X is Row Matrix so we select a Row in X such that D won't come, we find A B Column, so multiply H with (A + B) So, finally P2 = (A + B) * H
- Come Back to P3 : we have E there and it's adjacent element in X Matrix is A, since X is Row Matrix so we select a Row in X such that A won't come, we find C D Column, so multiply E with (C + D) So, finally P3 = (C + D) * E
- Come Back to P4 : we have D there and it's adjacent element in Y Matrix is H, since Y is Column Matrix so we select a column in Y such that H won't come, we find G E Column, so multiply D with (G - E) So, finally P4 = D * (G - E)
- Remember Counting : Write P1 + P2 at C2
- Write P3 + P4 at its diagonal Position i.e. at C3
- Write P4 + P5 + P6 at 1st position and subtract P2 i.e. C1 = P4 + P5 + P6 - P2
- Write odd values at last Position with alternating - and + sign i.e. P1 P3 P5 P7 becomes C4 = P1 - P3 + P5 - P7
Implementation:
C++
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
#include <cmath>
#define vi vector<int>
#define vii vector<vi>
using namespace std;
/* finding next square of 2*/
int nextPowerOf2(int k)
{
return pow(2, int(ceil(log2(k))));
}
// printing matrix
void display(vii C, int m, int n)
{
for (int i = 0; i < m; i++)
{
cout << "|"
<< " ";
for (int j = 0; j < n; j++)
{
cout << C[i][j] << " ";
}
cout << "|" << endl;
}
}
//! addition and subtraction
void add(vii &A, vii &B, vii &C, int size)
{
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < size; j++)
{
C[i][j] = A[i][j] + B[i][j];
}
}
}
void sub(vii &A, vii &B, vii &C, int size)
{
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < size; j++)
{
C[i][j] = A[i][j] - B[i][j];
}
}
}
//!-----------------------------
void Strassen_algorithm(vii &A, vii &B, vii &C, int size)
{
if (size == 1)
{
C[0][0] = A[0][0] * B[0][0];
return;
}
else
{
int newSize = size / 2;
vi z(newSize);
vii a(newSize, z), b(newSize, z), c(newSize, z), d(newSize, z),
e(newSize, z), f(newSize, z), g(newSize, z), h(newSize, z),
c11(newSize, z), c12(newSize, z), c21(newSize, z), c22(newSize, z),
p1(newSize, z), p2(newSize, z), p3(newSize, z), p4(newSize, z),
p5(newSize, z), p6(newSize, z), p7(newSize, z), fResult(newSize, z),
sResult(newSize, z);
int i, j;
//! divide the matrix in equal parts
for (i = 0; i < newSize; i++)
{
for (j = 0; j < newSize; j++)
{
a[i][j] = A[i][j];
b[i][j] = A[i][j + newSize];
c[i][j] = A[i + newSize][j];
d[i][j] = A[i + newSize][j + newSize];
e[i][j] = B[i][j];
f[i][j] = B[i][j + newSize];
g[i][j] = B[i + newSize][j];
h[i][j] = B[i + newSize][j + newSize];
}
}
/*
A B C
[a b] * [e f] = [c11 c12]
[c d] [g h] [c21 c22]
p1,p2,p3,p4=AHED for this: A:Row(+) and B:Column(-)
p5=Diagonal :both +ve
p6=Last CR :A:Row(-) B:Column(+)
p7=First CR :A:Row(-) B:Column(+)
*/
//! calculating all strassen formulas
//*p1=a*(f-h)
sub(f, h, sResult, newSize);
Strassen_algorithm(a, sResult, p1, newSize);
//*p2=h*(a+b)
add(a, b, fResult, newSize);
Strassen_algorithm(fResult, h, p2, newSize);
//*p3=e*(c+d)
add(c, d, fResult, newSize);
Strassen_algorithm(fResult, e, p3, newSize);
//*p4=d*(g-e)
sub(g, e, sResult, newSize);
Strassen_algorithm(d, sResult, p4, newSize);
//*p5=(a+d)*(e+h)
add(a, d, fResult, newSize);
add(e, h, sResult, newSize);
Strassen_algorithm(fResult, sResult, p5, newSize);
//*p6=(b-d)*(g+h)
sub(b, d, fResult, newSize);
add(g, h, sResult, newSize);
Strassen_algorithm(fResult, sResult, p6, newSize);
//*p7=(a-c)*(e+f)
sub(a, c, fResult, newSize);
add(e, f, sResult, newSize);
Strassen_algorithm(fResult, sResult, p7, newSize);
/* calculating all elements of C by p1,p2,p3
c11=p4+p5+p6-p2
c12=p1+p2
c21=p3+p4
c22=p1-p3+p5-p7
*/
add(p1, p2, c12, newSize); //!
add(p3, p4, c21, newSize); //!
add(p4, p5, fResult, newSize);
add(fResult, p6, sResult, newSize);
sub(sResult, p2, c11, newSize); //!
sub(p1, p3, fResult, newSize);
add(fResult, p5, sResult, newSize);
sub(sResult, p7, c22, newSize); //!
// Grouping the results obtained in a single matrix:
for (i = 0; i < newSize; i++)
{
for (j = 0; j < newSize; j++)
{
C[i][j] = c11[i][j];
C[i][j + newSize] = c12[i][j];
C[i + newSize][j] = c21[i][j];
C[i + newSize][j + newSize] = c22[i][j];
}
}
}
}
/*for converting matrix to square matrix*/
void ConvertToSquareMat(vii &A, vii &B, int r1, int c1, int r2, int c2)
{
int maxSize = max({r1, c1, r2, c2});
int size = nextPowerOf2(maxSize);
vi z(size);
vii Aa(size, z), Bb(size, z), Cc(size, z);
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < r1; i++)
{
for (unsigned int j = 0; j < c1; j++)
{
Aa[i][j] = A[i][j];
}
}
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < r2; i++)
{
for (unsigned int j = 0; j < c2; j++)
{
Bb[i][j] = B[i][j];
}
}
Strassen_algorithm(Aa, Bb, Cc, size);
vi temp1(c2);
vii C(r1, temp1);
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < r1; i++)
{
for (unsigned int j = 0; j < c2; j++)
{
C[i][j] = Cc[i][j];
}
}
display(C, r1, c1);
}
int main()
{
vii a = {
{1, 2, 3},
{1, 2, 3},
{0, 0, 2}};
vii b = {
{1, 0, 0},
{0, 1, 0},
{0, 0, 1}};
ConvertToSquareMat(a, b, 3, 3, 3, 3); // A[][],B[][],R1,C1,R2,C2
return 0;
}
Java
import java.util.Arrays;
public class Main {
// Finding next power of 2
static int nextPowerOf2(int k) {
return (int) Math.pow(2, Math.ceil(Math.log(k) / Math.log(2)));
}
// Printing matrix
static void display(int[][] C, int m, int n) {
for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) {
System.out.print("| ");
for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
System.out.print(C[i][j] + " ");
}
System.out.println("|");
}
}
// Addition and subtraction
static void add(int[][] A, int[][] B, int[][] C, int size) {
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < size; j++) {
C[i][j] = A[i][j] + B[i][j];
}
}
}
static void sub(int[][] A, int[][] B, int[][] C, int size) {
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < size; j++) {
C[i][j] = A[i][j] - B[i][j];
}
}
}
// Strassen's algorithm
static void Strassen_algorithm(int[][] A, int[][] B, int[][] C, int size) {
if (size == 1) {
C[0][0] = A[0][0] * B[0][0];
return;
} else {
int newSize = size / 2;
int[][] a = new int[newSize][newSize];
int[][] b = new int[newSize][newSize];
int[][] c = new int[newSize][newSize];
int[][] d = new int[newSize][newSize];
int[][] e = new int[newSize][newSize];
int[][] f = new int[newSize][newSize];
int[][] g = new int[newSize][newSize];
int[][] h = new int[newSize][newSize];
int[][] c11 = new int[newSize][newSize];
int[][] c12 = new int[newSize][newSize];
int[][] c21 = new int[newSize][newSize];
int[][] c22 = new int[newSize][newSize];
int[][] p1 = new int[newSize][newSize];
int[][] p2 = new int[newSize][newSize];
int[][] p3 = new int[newSize][newSize];
int[][] p4 = new int[newSize][newSize];
int[][] p5 = new int[newSize][newSize];
int[][] p6 = new int[newSize][newSize];
int[][] p7 = new int[newSize][newSize];
int[][] fResult = new int[newSize][newSize];
int[][] sResult = new int[newSize][newSize];
// Divide the matrix into equal parts
for (int i = 0; i < newSize; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < newSize; j++) {
a[i][j] = A[i][j];
b[i][j] = A[i][j + newSize];
c[i][j] = A[i + newSize][j];
d[i][j] = A[i + newSize][j + newSize];
e[i][j] = B[i][j];
f[i][j] = B[i][j + newSize];
g[i][j] = B[i + newSize][j];
h[i][j] = B[i + newSize][j + newSize];
}
}
// Calculating all Strassen formulas
sub(f, h, sResult, newSize);
Strassen_algorithm(a, sResult, p1, newSize);
add(a, b, fResult, newSize);
Strassen_algorithm(fResult, h, p2, newSize);
add(c, d, fResult, newSize);
Strassen_algorithm(fResult, e, p3, newSize);
sub(g, e, sResult, newSize);
Strassen_algorithm(d, sResult, p4, newSize);
add(a, d, fResult, newSize);
add(e, h, sResult, newSize);
Strassen_algorithm(fResult, sResult, p5, newSize);
sub(b, d, fResult, newSize);
add(g, h, sResult, newSize);
Strassen_algorithm(fResult, sResult, p6, newSize);
sub(a, c, fResult, newSize);
add(e, f, sResult, newSize);
Strassen_algorithm(fResult, sResult, p7, newSize);
// Calculating all elements of C by p1, p2, p3
add(p1, p2, c12, newSize);
add(p3, p4, c21, newSize);
add(p4, p5, fResult, newSize);
add(fResult, p6, sResult, newSize);
sub(sResult, p2, c11, newSize);
sub(p1, p3, fResult, newSize);
add(fResult, p5, sResult, newSize);
sub(sResult, p7, c22, newSize);
// Grouping the results obtained in a single matrix
for (int i = 0; i < newSize; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < newSize; j++) {
C[i][j] = c11[i][j];
C[i][j + newSize] = c12[i][j];
C[i + newSize][j] = c21[i][j];
C[i + newSize][j + newSize] = c22[i][j];
}
}
}
}
// For converting matrix to square matrix
static void ConvertToSquareMat(int[][] A, int[][] B, int r1, int c1, int r2, int c2) {
int maxSize = Math.max(Math.max(r1, c1), Math.max(r2, c2));
int size = nextPowerOf2(maxSize);
int[][] Aa = new int[size][size];
int[][] Bb = new int[size][size];
int[][] Cc = new int[size][size];
for (int i = 0; i < r1; i++) {
System.arraycopy(A[i], 0, Aa[i], 0, c1);
}
for (int i = 0; i < r2; i++) {
System.arraycopy(B[i], 0, Bb[i], 0, c2);
}
Strassen_algorithm(Aa, Bb, Cc, size);
int[][] C = new int[r1][c2];
for (int i = 0; i < r1; i++) {
System.arraycopy(Cc[i], 0, C[i], 0, c2);
}
display(C, r1, c2);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[][] a = {
{1, 2, 3},
{1, 2, 3},
{0, 0, 2}
};
int[][] b = {
{1, 0, 0},
{0, 1, 0},
{0, 0, 1}
};
ConvertToSquareMat(a, b, 3, 3, 3, 3); // A[][], B[][], R1, C1, R2, C2
}
}
Python3
# Python equivalent of the above code
import math
# finding next square of 2
def nextPowerOf2(k):
return pow(2, int(math.ceil(math.log2(k))))
# printing matrix
def display(C, m, n):
for i in range(m):
print('| ', end='')
for j in range(n):
print(C[i][j], end=' ')
print('|')
# addition and subtraction
def add(A, B, C, size):
for i in range(size):
for j in range(size):
C[i][j] = A[i][j] + B[i][j]
def sub(A, B, C, size):
for i in range(size):
for j in range(size):
C[i][j] = A[i][j] - B[i][j]
# Strassen algorithm
def Strassen_algorithm(A, B, C, size):
if size == 1:
C[0][0] = A[0][0] * B[0][0]
return
else:
newSize = size // 2
a = [[0 for j in range(newSize)] for i in range(newSize)]
b = [[0 for j in range(newSize)] for i in range(newSize)]
c = [[0 for j in range(newSize)] for i in range(newSize)]
d = [[0 for j in range(newSize)] for i in range(newSize)]
e = [[0 for j in range(newSize)] for i in range(newSize)]
f = [[0 for j in range(newSize)] for i in range(newSize)]
g = [[0 for j in range(newSize)] for i in range(newSize)]
h = [[0 for j in range(newSize)] for i in range(newSize)]
c11 = [[0 for j in range(newSize)] for i in range(newSize)]
c12 = [[0 for j in range(newSize)] for i in range(newSize)]
c21 = [[0 for j in range(newSize)] for i in range(newSize)]
c22 = [[0 for j in range(newSize)] for i in range(newSize)]
p1 = [[0 for j in range(newSize)] for i in range(newSize)]
p2 = [[0 for j in range(newSize)] for i in range(newSize)]
p3 = [[0 for j in range(newSize)] for i in range(newSize)]
p4 = [[0 for j in range(newSize)] for i in range(newSize)]
p5 = [[0 for j in range(newSize)] for i in range(newSize)]
p6 = [[0 for j in range(newSize)] for i in range(newSize)]
p7 = [[0 for j in range(newSize)] for i in range(newSize)]
fResult = [[0 for j in range(newSize)] for i in range(newSize)]
sResult = [[0 for j in range(newSize)] for i in range(newSize)]
# divide the matrix in equal parts
for i in range(newSize):
for j in range(newSize):
a[i][j] = A[i][j]
b[i][j] = A[i][j + newSize]
c[i][j] = A[i + newSize][j]
d[i][j] = A[i + newSize][j + newSize]
e[i][j] = B[i][j]
f[i][j] = B[i][j + newSize]
g[i][j] = B[i + newSize][j]
h[i][j] = B[i + newSize][j + newSize]
# calculating all strassen formulas
#*p1=a*(f-h)
sub(f, h, sResult, newSize)
Strassen_algorithm(a, sResult, p1, newSize)
#*p2=h*(a+b)
add(a, b, fResult, newSize)
Strassen_algorithm(fResult, h, p2, newSize)
#*p3=e*(c+d)
add(c, d, fResult, newSize)
Strassen_algorithm(fResult, e, p3, newSize)
#*p4=d*(g-e)
sub(g, e, sResult, newSize)
Strassen_algorithm(d, sResult, p4, newSize)
#*p5=(a+d)*(e+h)
add(a, d, fResult, newSize)
add(e, h, sResult, newSize)
Strassen_algorithm(fResult, sResult, p5, newSize)
#*p6=(b-d)*(g+h)
sub(b, d, fResult, newSize)
add(g, h, sResult, newSize)
Strassen_algorithm(fResult, sResult, p6, newSize)
#*p7=(a-c)*(e+f)
sub(a, c, fResult, newSize)
add(e, f, sResult, newSize)
Strassen_algorithm(fResult, sResult, p7, newSize)
# calculating all elements of C by p1,p2,p3
# c11=p4+p5+p6-p2
add(p1, p2, c12, newSize)
add(p3, p4, c21, newSize)
add(p4, p5, fResult, newSize)
add(fResult, p6, sResult, newSize)
sub(sResult, p2, c11, newSize)
# c12=p1+p2
# c21=p3+p4
# c22=p1-p3+p5-p7
sub(p1, p3, fResult, newSize)
add(fResult, p5, sResult, newSize)
sub(sResult, p7, c22, newSize)
# Grouping the results obtained in a single matrix:
for i in range(newSize):
for j in range(newSize):
C[i][j] = c11[i][j]
C[i][j + newSize] = c12[i][j]
C[i + newSize][j] = c21[i][j]
C[i + newSize][j + newSize] = c22[i][j]
# for converting matrix to square matrix
def ConvertToSquareMat(A, B, r1, c1, r2, c2):
maxSize = max(r1, c1, r2, c2)
size = nextPowerOf2(maxSize)
Aa = [[0 for j in range(size)] for i in range(size)]
Bb = [[0 for j in range(size)] for i in range(size)]
Cc = [[0 for j in range(size)] for i in range(size)]
for i in range(r1):
for j in range(c1):
Aa[i][j] = A[i][j]
for i in range(r2):
for j in range(c2):
Bb[i][j] = B[i][j]
Strassen_algorithm(Aa, Bb, Cc, size)
C = [[0 for j in range(c2)] for i in range(r1)]
for i in range(r1):
for j in range(c2):
C[i][j] = Cc[i][j]
display(C, r1, c1)
# Driver code
A = [[1, 2, 3], [1, 2, 3], [0, 0, 2]]
B = [[1, 0, 0], [0, 1, 0], [0, 0, 1]]
ConvertToSquareMat(A, B, 3, 3, 3, 3) # A[][],B[][],R1,C1,R2,C2
JavaScript
// Function to find the next power of 2 for a given number
function nextPowerOf2(k) {
return Math.pow(2, Math.ceil(Math.log2(k)));
}
// Function to display a matrix
function display(C, m, n) {
let matrixString = '';
for (let i = 0; i < m; i++) {
matrixString += '| ';
for (let j = 0; j < n; j++) {
matrixString += C[i][j] + ' ';
}
matrixString += '|\n';
}
console.log(matrixString);
}
// Function to add two matrices
function add(A, B, C, size) {
for (let i = 0; i < size; i++) {
for (let j = 0; j < size; j++) {
C[i][j] = A[i][j] + B[i][j];
}
}
}
// Function to subtract two matrices
function sub(A, B, C, size) {
for (let i = 0; i < size; i++) {
for (let j = 0; j < size; j++) {
C[i][j] = A[i][j] - B[i][j];
}
}
}
// Function to implement Strassen's algorithm for matrix multiplication
function Strassen_algorithm(A, B, C, size) {
// Base case: 1x1 matrix
if (size === 1) {
C[0][0] = A[0][0] * B[0][0];
return;
} else {
let newSize = size / 2;
let a = Array.from({ length: newSize }, () => Array(newSize).fill(0));
let b = Array.from({ length: newSize }, () => Array(newSize).fill(0));
let c = Array.from({ length: newSize }, () => Array(newSize).fill(0));
let d = Array.from({ length: newSize }, () => Array(newSize).fill(0));
let e = Array.from({ length: newSize }, () => Array(newSize).fill(0));
let f = Array.from({ length: newSize }, () => Array(newSize).fill(0));
let g = Array.from({ length: newSize }, () => Array(newSize).fill(0));
let h = Array.from({ length: newSize }, () => Array(newSize).fill(0));
let c11 = Array.from({ length: newSize }, () => Array(newSize).fill(0));
let c12 = Array.from({ length: newSize }, () => Array(newSize).fill(0));
let c21 = Array.from({ length: newSize }, () => Array(newSize).fill(0));
let c22 = Array.from({ length: newSize }, () => Array(newSize).fill(0));
let p1 = Array.from({ length: newSize }, () => Array(newSize).fill(0));
let p2 = Array.from({ length: newSize }, () => Array(newSize).fill(0));
let p3 = Array.from({ length: newSize }, () => Array(newSize).fill(0));
let p4 = Array.from({ length: newSize }, () => Array(newSize).fill(0));
let p5 = Array.from({ length: newSize }, () => Array(newSize).fill(0));
let p6 = Array.from({ length: newSize }, () => Array(newSize).fill(0));
let p7 = Array.from({ length: newSize }, () => Array(newSize).fill(0));
let fResult = Array.from({ length: newSize }, () => Array(newSize).fill(0));
let sResult = Array.from({ length: newSize }, () => Array(newSize).fill(0));
for (let i = 0; i < newSize; i++) {
for (let j = 0; j < newSize; j++) {
a[i][j] = A[i][j];
b[i][j] = A[i][j + newSize];
c[i][j] = A[i + newSize][j];
d[i][j] = A[i + newSize][j + newSize];
e[i][j] = B[i][j];
f[i][j] = B[i][j + newSize];
g[i][j] = B[i + newSize][j];
h[i][j] = B[i + newSize][j + newSize];
}
}
sub(f, h, sResult, newSize);
Strassen_algorithm(a, sResult, p1, newSize);
add(a, b, fResult, newSize);
Strassen_algorithm(fResult, h, p2, newSize);
add(c, d, fResult, newSize);
Strassen_algorithm(fResult, e, p3, newSize);
sub(g, e, sResult, newSize);
Strassen_algorithm(d, sResult, p4, newSize);
add(a, d, fResult, newSize);
add(e, h, sResult, newSize);
Strassen_algorithm(fResult, sResult, p5, newSize);
sub(b, d, fResult, newSize);
add(g, h, sResult, newSize);
Strassen_algorithm(fResult, sResult, p6, newSize);
sub(a, c, fResult, newSize);
add(e, f, sResult, newSize);
Strassen_algorithm(fResult, sResult, p7, newSize);
add(p1, p2, c12, newSize);
add(p3, p4, c21, newSize);
add(p4, p5, fResult, newSize);
add(fResult, p6, sResult, newSize);
sub(sResult, p2, c11, newSize);
sub(p1, p3, fResult, newSize);
add(fResult, p5, sResult, newSize);
sub(sResult, p7, c22, newSize);
for (let i = 0; i < newSize; i++) {
for (let j = 0; j < newSize; j++) {
C[i][j] = c11[i][j];
C[i][j + newSize] = c12[i][j];
C[i + newSize][j] = c21[i][j];
C[i + newSize][j + newSize] = c22[i][j];
}
}
}
}
// Function to convert matrices to square matrices and perform multiplication
function ConvertToSquareMat(A, B, r1, c1, r2, c2) {
let maxSize = Math.max(r1, c1, r2, c2);
let size = nextPowerOf2(maxSize);
let Aa = Array.from({ length: size }, () => Array(size).fill(0));
let Bb = Array.from({ length: size }, () => Array(size).fill(0));
let Cc = Array.from({ length: size }, () => Array(size).fill(0));
for (let i = 0; i < r1; i++) {
for (let j = 0; j < c1; j++) {
Aa[i][j] = A[i][j];
}
}
for (let i = 0; i < r2; i++) {
for (let j = 0; j < c2; j++) {
Bb[i][j] = B[i][j];
}
}
// Perform Strassen's algorithm
Strassen_algorithm(Aa, Bb, Cc, size);
let C = Array.from({ length: r1 }, () => Array(c2).fill(0));
for (let i = 0; i < r1; i++) {
for (let j = 0; j < c2; j++) {
C[i][j] = Cc[i][j];
}
}
display(C, r1, c1);
}
let A = [[1, 2, 3], [1, 2, 3], [0, 0, 2]];
let B = [[1, 0, 0], [0, 1, 0], [0, 0, 1]];
ConvertToSquareMat(A, B, 3, 3, 3, 3); // A[][],B[][],R1,C1,R2,C2
Output
| 1 2 3 | | 1 2 3 | | 0 0 2 |
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