Displaying XML Using XSLT
Last Updated :
13 May, 2021
XSLT stands for Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformation.
- XSLT is used to transform XML document from one form to another form.
- XSLT uses Xpath to perform matching of nodes to perform these transformation .
- The result of applying XSLT to XML document could be an another XML document, HTML, text or any another document from technology perspective.
- The XSL code is written within the XML document with the extension of (.xsl).
- In other words, an XSLT document is a different kind of XML document.
XML Namespace: XML Namespaces are the unique names .
- XML Namespace is a mechanism by which element or attribute is assigned to a group.
- XML Namespace is used to avoid the name conflicts in the XML document.
- XML Namespace is recommended by W3C.
XML Namespace Declaration:
It is declared using reserved attribute such as the attribute is xmlns or it can begin with xmlns:
- Syntax:
<element xmlns:name = "URL">
where
- Namespace starts with the xmlns.
- The word name is the namespace prefix.
- the URL is the namespace identifier.
- Example:
Consider the following xml document named Table.xml :-
<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?>
<? xml-stylesheet type = "text/css" href = "rule.css" ?>
< tables >
< table >
< tr >
< td >Apple</ td >
< td >Banana</ td >
</ tr >
</ table >
< table >
< height >100</ height >
< width >150</ width >
</ table >
</ tables >
|
In the above code, there would be a name conflict, both of them contain the same table element but the contents of the table element are different.To handle this situation, the concept of XML Namespace is used.
- Example:
Consider the same XML document to resolve name conflict:
<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?>
<? xml-stylesheet type = "text/css" href = "rule.css" ?>
< tables >
< m:tr >
< m:td >Apple</ m:td >
< m:td >Banana</ m:td >
</ m:tr >
</ m:table >
< n:height >100</ n:height >
< n:width >150</ n:width >
</ n:table >
</ tables >
|
Xpath:
- Xpath is an important component of XSLT standard.
- Xpath is used to traverse the element and attributes of an XML document.
- Xpath uses different types of expression to retrieve relevant information from the XML document.
- Xpath contains a library of standard functions.
Example:
- bookstore/book[1] => Fetches details of first child of bookstore element.
- bookstore/book[last()] => Fetches details of last child of bookstore element.
Templates:
- An XSL stylesheet contains one or more set of rules that are called templates.
- A template contains rules that are applied when the specific element is matched.
- An XSLT document has the following things:
- The root element of the stylesheet.
- A file of extension .xsl .
- The syntax of XSLT i.e what is allowed and what is not allowed.
- The standard namespace whose URL is http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform.
Example:
In this example, creating the XML file that contains the information about five students and displaying the XML file using XSLT.
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