Disaster Management, Types, Cycle [ Projects for Class 9, 10 ]

Disaster Management: Disaster Management is an incorporated course of planning, sorting out, organizing, and carrying out measures that are essential for risk reduction during disasters and to face the consequences well prepared. Disaster management ensures rescue and relief.

And A disaster is characterized as a disturbance of enormous scope, either regular or man-made, happening in short or extensive stretches. Disasters can prompt human, material, monetary or ecological difficulties, which can be much higher than the tolerable limit of the impacted society.

What is Disaster Management?

According to the Disaster Management Act(2005), Disaster Management is Defined as a combined process of planning, organizing, coordinating, and implementing standards that are necessary for the following:

• Prevention of the threat of any kind of disaster
• Reduction in risk of any kind disaster
• Prepare to deal with any disaster
• Prompt for dealing with a disaster or its any consequences
• Estimating the harshness of the effects due to any disaster
• Rescue and relief
• Rehabilitation and Reconstruction

Disaster Management Agencies

National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA): The National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), is an important part for the disaster management in India, Which is responsible for the management, direction, and management of the National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) of India. This Authority is Headed by the Prime Minister of India.

National Executive Committee (NEC): The National Executive Committee is comprised of high-profile members from the government which include the Union Home Secretary (Chairperson), and the Secretaries of Ministries of Agriculture, Atomic Energy, Defence, Drinking Water Supply, Environment, Forests, etc. This Organization prepares the National Plan for Disaster Management according to the National Policy of India on Disaster Management.

State Disaster Management Authority (SDMA): The Chief Minister is the head of the Agencies. The State Gov. has a State Executive Committee (SEC) which assists the SDMA on Disaster Management.

District Disaster Management Authority (DDMA): It is headed by the District Collector, Deputy Commissioner / District Magistrate depending on the Disaster situation, with the elected representatives of the local administration as the Co-Chairperson. This Agencies ensures that the guidelines framed by the NDMA and the SDMA must followed by all administration at the District level.

Local Authorities:- Local authorities includes Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRI), Municipalities, District as well as Cantonment 11 Institutional and Legal Arrangements Boards, and Town Planning Authorities which is responsible for controlling and managing of services.

Need for disaster management

As per experiences, taking India into account, India is frail against 30 exceptional types of disasters that will impact the monetary, social, and human improvement potential such a lot that it will definitively influence the effectiveness and huge scope of financial execution. This widespread chaos and obliteration lead to the requirement for Disaster Management.

Types of disasters

Disasters are classified into two types, namely:

1. Natural disasters
2. Man-made disasters

Natural Disasters

Natural disasters are physical peculiarities caused either by quick or slow beginning occasions that promptly affect human wellbeing and auxiliary effects bringing on additional demise and languishing. Natural disasters are further classified into 5 types.

• Geophysical natural disasters: Naturally occurring disasters like a volcanic eruption, tsunamis,  earthquakes, and landslides are some of the major forms of geophysical natural disasters.
• Hydrological natural disasters: Naturally occurring disasters like avalanches and floods are the major forms of hydrological natural disasters.
• Climatological natural disasters: Naturally occurring disasters like extreme temperatures, forest fires, and global warming are some of the major forms of climatological disasters.
• Meteorological natural disasters: Naturally occurring disasters like cyclones and storms are the major forms of meteorological disasters.
• Biological natural disasters: Naturally occurring disasters like disease epidemics and plagues are the major forms of biological disasters.

Manmade Disasters

Manmade Disasters are the events that are brought about by human beings which happen in or near human settlements frequently caused as a consequence of Environmental or Technological Emergencies. Manmade disasters are further classified into three types.

• Gas leakages: Gas spills are quite possibly the riskiest man-made disaster on the planet. They can straightforwardly carry unfortunate results to human well-being and the climate. Gas breaks can likewise spread rapidly without notice. It might cause a huge blast and claim human lives.
• Oil spillages: Oil spills adversely affect marine creatures. Since the majority of the oil floats in water, the daylight engrossing limit of the water diminishes. Oil spills are serious natural contamination. A ton of poisons are flushed into the air and soil.
• Nuclear explosions: Nuclear explosions cause serious damage to the atmosphere and soil and also have a long-lasting impact on the health of the inhabitants.

Disaster Management Cycle

Disaster management cycle includes four Stage Process: prevention, preparedness, response, and recovery. Managing and Controling disasters effectively requires paying careful attention to each stage process.

Here is the four States of Disaster Management Cycle:

1. Prevention

In Disaster Management, Prevention means identifying potential risks and developing safeguards to mitigate their impact. Although The first stage in the process involves placing permanent standards into the place that can help minimize disaster risk.

2. Preparedness

In Disaster Management, Preparedness is an ongoing process in which people, communities, businesses and organizations plan and train for what they’ll do in the situation of a disaster.

3. Response

In Disaster Management, Response is what happens after the disaster occurs. This Process involves both short- and long-term responses in the situation of Disaster.

4. Recovery

In Disaster Management, Recovery is the fourth Process in Disaster management cycle and It is the recovery for all aspects of the disaster’s impact.

Disaster management Project

A disaster management project is a strategy to create a community or organisation in disaster prevention, response, and recovery. Natural or human-made, disasters can be resulted in a variety of damage, including destruction of physical properties, injuries, and fatalities.

A disaster management project’s purpose is to control the negative effect as well they can: 

• Identifying potential risks and threats
• Creating a plans to reduce the risks and potential negative threats
• preparing people for quick disaster response
• Placing it in a place a structure to manage relief operations.

Disasters Management Projects for Class 9 and 10

The Disasters Management Projects Ideas for Class 9 and Class 10 are the following:

Natural Disasters Management Projects

1. Earthquake: An earthquake is a quick, harsh shaking of the ground that results from the movement of the earth’s crust. It causes significant destruction for humanity. It’s may also cause for a tsunami or even volcanic eruption to result from an earthquake.

2. Cyclone: Cyclones are like intense spinning storm that develops over the ocean near the tropics (or, more accurately, tropical storms).

Human-made Disasters Management Projects

1. Building collapses: Building collapses are very common in India where construction is often impatiently done, with very low gard of safety regulations.

2. Terrorist attacks: Devastating acts like terrorist attacks on the World Trade Centre etc causes very terrible effect on humanity. Terrorism may involve devastating acts using weapons of mass destruction ranging from chemical agents, natural risks, a radiological or nuclear machine, and other explosives.

Disaster Management – FAQs

1. What are the 5 ways to do during earthquake?

Here are the 5 things you can do during Earth Quakes:

1. Stay inside where you are.
2. Drop under heavy furniture such as a table, desk, bed or any solid furniture.
3. Cover your head to prevent being hit by falling objects.
4. Hold onto the object that you are under.
5. Keep clear of windows—glass may shatter from the shaking.

2. Explain in detail biological disasters?

The obliterating impacts brought about by a colossal spread of a particular sort of living organism that might spread infection, viruses, or an invasion of plant, creature, or bug on a pestilence or pandemic level. The recent COVID 19 pandemic is an example of a biological natural disaster.

3. How can we avoid manmade disasters?

• Constructing risky industries and factories away from cities and towns.
•  Reduce, Reuse, Recycle!
• Use oil skimmer boats immediately to clean oil spills.
• Vacate people immediately from affected areas and shift to a safe place and ensure doctor consultation.

4. What is disaster management class 9 project?

A disaster management project is a strategy to help community or organisation in disaster prevention, response, and recovery. It is Created by the Social communities, Government Organization and Trust Agencies.

5. What are the Disaster Management project ideas?

Best Disaster Management Project ideas for college students ( Class 9, 10, 11)

1. Rescue.
2. Relocation.
3. Provision Food and Water.
4. Provision Emergency Health Care.
5. Prevention of Disease and Disability.
6. Repairing Vital Services e.g. Telecommunications, Transport.
7. Provision Temporary Shelter.