Difference between service-oriented (SOA) and Micro service Architecture (MSA)

1. Service-oriented architecture (SOA) : It is a huge collection of services in which services communicate with each other. This framework is used for designing a software system using a software architecture that views all components as services. The communication is provided by SOA generally used for data passing it could communicate two or more services and complete some activity. It provides various microservices as function which has following –

1. Loosely coupled
2. Reusable
3. Composable
4. Autonomic
5. Standardized 

2. Microservice Architecture (MSA) : It takes large number of services and breaks down into small services or shareable components. It also called a monolith in which all functionality is placed into a single process. This approach is used for developing application and communication with different approaches which may write in different programming language and data storage. Here are some characteristic functions of MSA –

1. Business capabilities
2. Products
3. Smart End Point
4. Automation
5. Evolutionary 

Advantages of Service – Oriented Architecture :

• Reusability: Services are designed to be reusable, so they can be used in multiple applications.
• Scalability: SOA allows for easy scaling of applications because services can be added or removed without affecting the other parts of the system.
• Flexibility: SOA enables organizations to change and adapt to new business requirements easily, as services can be replaced or updated without affecting the rest of the system.
• Interoperability: SOA allows for the integration of different technologies and platforms, making it easier to connect different systems and applications.
• Cost-effective: SOA can be cost-effective in the long run because it reduces development time and makes it easier to maintain applications.
• Loose Coupling: SOA promotes loose coupling between services, which means that services are not dependent on each other. This results in increased flexibility, scalability, and maintainability of the system.

Disadvantages of Service – Oriented Architecture :

• Complexity: SOA can be complex to design, implement, and manage, especially when dealing with large-scale systems and multiple services. This requires specialized skills and resources and can result in increased development time and costs.
• Performance: Services may introduce latency and overhead, which can negatively impact the performance of the system. This requires careful design and optimization of services and infrastructure.
• Security: Because services are accessible over the network, security becomes a concern, and additional measures must be taken to ensure that data is secure. This requires careful design and implementation of security measures.
• Testing: Testing services can be complex, and ensuring that all services work together correctly can be challenging. This requires specialized testing tools and techniques and can result in increased testing time and costs.
• Governance: Proper governance is required to ensure that services are designed, developed, and deployed according to established standards and best practices. This requires a comprehensive governance framework and a culture of compliance and accountability.

Advantages of Microservice Architecture :

• Scalability: Microservices can be easily scaled horizontally, allowing organizations to handle increased traffic and user requests without affecting the performance of the system.
• Agility: Microservices enable organizations to quickly adapt to changing business requirements by allowing teams to develop and deploy services independently of each other.
• Resilience: Microservices are designed to be fault-tolerant, meaning that if one service fails, it does not affect the rest of the system.
• Reusability: Microservices can be reused across multiple applications, reducing development time and costs and promoting consistency across the organization.
• Technology Diversity: Microservices allow organizations to use different technologies and platforms for different services, enabling teams to choose the best technology for each service.
• Continuous Delivery: Microservices can be deployed and updated independently of each other, enabling continuous delivery and reducing time-to-market.
• Easy Maintenance: Microservices are easier to maintain than monolithic applications because each service is smaller and has fewer dependencies.
• Increased Collaboration: Microservices enable teams to work independently and collaborate effectively, resulting in increased productivity and faster development cycles.

Disadvantages of Microservice Architecture :

• Complexity: Microservices introduce a higher level of complexity compared to monolithic applications. This complexity can result in increased development time and costs and requires specialized skills and resources.
• Distributed System: MSA involves building a distributed system, which can result in increased latency, network overhead, and communication complexity.
• Data Management: Managing data across different services can be challenging, and organizations must implement effective data management and synchronization strategies.
• Testing: Testing microservices can be complex and time-consuming, and organizations must implement effective testing strategies to ensure that all services work together correctly.
• Deployment and Infrastructure Management: Deploying and managing microservices can be challenging, especially when dealing with a large number of services. Organizations must have effective deployment and infrastructure management strategies in place.
• Security: Because microservices are distributed, security becomes a concern, and additional measures must be taken to ensure that data is secure.
• Governance: Proper governance is required to ensure that services are designed, developed, and deployed according to established standards and best practices.

Difference between SOA and MSA :

SOA.	MSA.
It is a huge collection of services in which services communicate with each other.	It is general architecture that takes large number of services and break down into small services or shareable component.
It works on Share-as-much-as-possible approach.	It works on Share-little-as-promise approach.
It is used to share the data storage.	It has independent data storage.
It supports various multiple protocol.	It supports HTTP/REST lightweight protocol.
In service oriented architecture, there is a multi-threaded with more handle I/O.	In Micro service Architecture, there is single-threaded with non-locking I/O handle.
It has common platform for all services.	It has platform like Nodejs is used and application server not used.
It uses of container is less popular Docker linux.	Its container work very well.
It uses traditional database.	It uses non-relational database.
It uses ESB services for communication.	It does not use ESB services.It has a simple messaging system.
It have common governance standard.	Relaxed governance with more focus on people.