Difference Between Iron and Steel

Iron and steel are two of the most widely used materials in the world, but many people are not aware of the differences between them. Both iron and steel are strong and durable materials that have been used in construction, manufacturing, and other industries for centuries. However, there are some key differences between the two materials that make them unique. In this article, we will take a closer look at the differences between iron and steel, including their properties, uses, and production methods. So, if you’re curious about the difference between iron and steel, read on to learn more!

What is Iron?

Iron is an element with atomic number 26 and the symbol Fe in the periodic table. This metal is by mass the most common element on Earth, forming a significant portion of Earth’s inner and outer core. It is also the fourth most abundant element in the Earth’s crust. Iron is a strong, long-lasting metal that is used in large-scale industrial activities, including manufacturing, construction, and transportation. In nature, iron is found in many minerals, like the ores of magnetite, hematite, and taconite.

Advantages of Iron

• Iron is abundant and relatively inexpensive, making it a popular choice for many applications.
• Iron is strong and durable, making it ideal for construction and manufacturing.
• Iron is resistant to corrosion, which makes it ideal for outdoor applications.

Disadvantages of Iron

• Iron is brittle and can be easily damaged by impact.
• Iron is highly reactive and can rust, which can weaken it over time.
• Iron requires a lot of energy to produce and requires a high level of skilled labor, which can make it more expensive.

What is Steel?

Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon, with small amounts of other elements, such as chromium, nickel, molybdenum, and others. The carbon in steel can exist in different forms, which can affect the properties of the steel. Steel can be further classified into categories such as carbon steel, alloy steel, and stainless steel based on the alloying elements and their percentages in the steel. Steel is one of the most widely used materials in the world, and its strength and versatility makes it an ideal choice for a wide range of applications.

Advantages of Steel

• Steel is very strong and durable, making it ideal for construction and manufacturing.
• Steel is highly resistant to corrosion and can be made with different levels of strength and flexibility depending on the application.
• Steel is relatively inexpensive and easy to produce, which makes it a popular choice for many applications.

Disadvantages of Steel

• Steel is not as corrosion-resistant as other materials, such as stainless steel.
• Steel is relatively heavy and can be difficult to work with in some applications.
• Steel can be affected by temperature changes and may lose strength at high temperatures.

Difference Between Iron and Steel

	Iron	Steel
Composition	Iron is a pure element.	Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon, with small amounts of other elements such as chromium, nickel, molybdenum, and others.
Carbon content	Iron has a significantly low carbon content.	Steel has a higher carbon content, usually less than 2%.
Hardness	Iron is relatively soft.	Steel is harder and stronger.
Melting point	Iron has a relatively higher melting point of 1538°C.	Steel’s melting point is lower than iron, in the range of 1371-1540°C.
Density	Iron is denser than steel (7.874 g/cm³)	Steel is less dense compared to iron (7.85 g/cm3)
Rusting	Iron is prone to rusting, which occurs due to the presence of oxygen in the surrounding atmosphere.	Steel is more resistant to rusting due to the presence of other elements that prevent oxidation.
Magnetic properties	Iron is magnetic. It possesses ferromagnetic properties.	Steel is not always magnetic, although stainless steel has some magnetic properties.
Conductivity	Iron is a good conductor of heat and electricity.	Steel’s conductivity is much lower compared to iron.
Cost	Iron is cheaper than steel.	Due to alloying, steel becomes more expensive than iron.
Applications	Iron is mainly used in casting and wrought iron products.	Steel is used in a wide range of applications such as construction, transportation, and manufacturing.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. How is steel made?

Ans. Steel is made by smelting iron ore in a blast furnace, and purifying the iron by removing impurities such as silicon, sulfur, and phosphorus. Carbon and other alloying elements are then added to create different types of steel.

2. How are Iron and Steel Recycled?

Ans. Iron and steel can be recycled by melting them down and purifying them to remove impurities. The recycled steel can then be used to make new products.

3. How do You Prevent Iron and Steel from Rusting?

Ans. Iron and steel can be protected from rusting by painting or coating them with a rust inhibitor, or by adding other elements like chromium to create stainless steel which is resistant to rusting.