Difference between From and Where Clause in SQL

1. FROM Clause:
It is used to select the dataset which will be manipulated using Select, Update or Delete command.It is used in conjunction with SQL statements to manipulate dataset from source table.We can use subqueries in FROM clause to retrieve dataset from table.

Syntax of FROM clause:

SELECT * 
FROM TABLE_NAME; 

2. WHERE Clause:
It is used to apply any condition on selected dataset or source data.Source data can be a single table or can be a result of joining multiple tables.It returns those instances of dataset which satisfies the condition mentioned in WHERE clause.Conditions can be applied using various comparison or logical operators like –
AND, OR, IN, NOT IN, BETWEEN, equals to, not equals to etc.

Syntax of WHERE clause:

SELECT * FROM TABLE_NAME
WHERE (CONDITIONS); 

Example:
Consider a table name STUDENT

S_NO.	s_NAME	S_AGE	S_SECTION
1	Yash	20	A
2	Vishwash	21	A
3	Vishesh	19	B
4	Shivam	23	A
5	Vasu	21	B
6	Shrey	20	C

Problem:
We have to select those instances of table STUDENT where age is less than 22 and section is A.

Query:

SELECT * 
FROM STUDENT 
WHERE S_AGE<22 AND S_SECTION='A'; 

OUTPUT:
Here FROM clause chooses the table on which the WHERE clause should be applied and WHERE clause checks the two condition to find which instances of the dataset are satisfying them.

S_NO.	s_NAME	S_AGE	S_SECTION
1	Yash	20	A
2	Vishwash	21	A

Differences between FROM Clause and WHERE Clause :

S_NO.	FROM Clause	WHERE Clause
1.	It is used to select the dataset on which manipulation has to be done.	It is used for checking some conditions to filter result
2.	We provide some dataset into the FROM clause as a input.	In WHERE clause we give some condition as input.
3.	FROM clause selects dataset to provide it to WHERE clause for applying conditions given in query.	WHERE clause act as selector which filters required instances from dataset provide by FROM clause.
4.	FROM clause is mandatory because if there is no dataset, no manipulation can be performed.	WHERE is optional, we use it only in case of condition checking.