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Design Issues in Network Layer

Network layer is majorly focused on getting packets from the source to the destination, routing error handling and congestion control.

Before learning about design issues in the network layer, let’s learn about it’s various functions.

Network layer design issues:
The network layer comes with some design issues they are described as follows:

1. Store and Forward packet switching:
The host sends the packet to the nearest router. This packet is stored there until it has fully arrived once the link is fully processed by verifying the checksum then it is forwarded to the next router till it reaches the destination. This mechanism is called “Store and Forward packet switching.”

2. Services provided to Transport Layer:
Through the network/transport layer interface, the network layer transfers it’s services to the transport layer. These services are described below.
But before providing these services to the transfer layer following goals must be kept in mind :-

Based on the connections there are 2 types of services provided :

3. Implementation of Connectionless Service:
Packet are termed as “datagrams” and corresponding subnet as “datagram subnets”. When the message size that has to be transmitted is 4 times the size of the packet, then the network layer divides into 4 packets and transmits each packet to router via. a few protocol.Each data packet has destination address and is routed independently irrespective of the packets.

4. Implementation of Connection Oriented service:
To use a connection-oriented service, first we establishes a connection, use it and then release it. In connection-oriented services, the data packets are delivered to the receiver in the same order in which they have been sent by the sender.

It can be done in either two ways :

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