Describe the regional variations in the climatic conditions of India with the help of suitable examples.

A big area’s weather conditions over a lengthy period—more than thirty years—are combined to form a climate.
The term “weather” describes the condition of the atmosphere over a region at any given time. Temperature, air pressure, wind, humidity, and precipitation are the same components of both weather and climate. The year is separated into seasons like winter, summer, and rainy seasons based on averaged monthly atmospheric conditions.
There are various climate areas in the world. India’s weather is referred to as monsoon-type. South Asia and the countries of the Middle East also experience this type of weather. The Arabic word “mausim,” which means “season,” is the source of the English word “monsoon.”

Regional Climatic Variations in India

The basic climate pattern of India is uniform generally, but there are some regional variances in the country’s climatic conditions.

• Temperature
  Even within the same season, there is significant regional temperature fluctuation in India. For instance, while it may be 50°C in the Rajasthani desert on a hot day, Pahalgam, in Jammu and Kashmir, will only be 20°C.
  In Jammu and Kashmir, Drass, the nighttime temperature can drop as low as minus 45°C. However, Thiruvananthapuram may only reach a temperature of 22°C. In some areas, the nighttime temperature varies greatly as well. For instance, in the Thar Desert, the temperature may reach 50°C during the day and 15°C at night on the same day. There are places where the difference between day and nighttime temperatures is not very great, like Kerala or the Andaman & Nicobar Islands. Coastal regions see fewer temperature variations.
• Precipitation                                                                                                                                                       The types and amounts of precipitation that are distributed seasonally vary greatly. For instance, while rain falls over the rest of the nation, snow falls in the upper regions of the Himalayas. In Meghalaya, the annual precipitation is above 400 cm, while in Ladakh and Western Rajasthan, it is less than 10 cm. The majority of the nation experiences rain from June to September, although the coast of Tamil Nadu experiences the majority of its precipitation between October and November. In the country’s interior, seasonal contrasts are more pronounced. In the Northern Plains, rainfall generally decreases from East to West.

Frequently Asked Questions

Que 1. What agitations are there in the West?

Ans- Westerly flow from the Mediterranean region is the cause of the Western disturbances, which are weather occurrences. In India’s north and north-western regions, they occur throughout the winter months and provide rain.

Que 2.  What impact do Western disruptions have on India’s climate?

Ans- They have the following effects on India’s climate: By bringing cyclonic rain to otherwise dry winter months, the western disturbance affects the weather in northern and northwestern India. The Rabi crops, notably the wheat, benefit greatly from the rainfall despite its modest amount. The mountains get snow because of them.

Que 3.  How do atmospheric conditions affect India’s climate?

Ans- The following ways that atmospheric conditions affect India’s climate:-

• Pressure and Surface Winds: From a region of high pressure to a zone of low pressure, the surface winds blow. The high-pressure region is located north of the Himalayas throughout the winter. Low pressure exists over the southern ocean, causing the wind to blow from the land toward the sea. This opposite happens in the summer.
• Tropical cyclones: These storms are a result of an easterly flow. They provide severe to very heavy rains on India’s eastern coast during the monsoon and in October and November.

Que 4. Pick three characteristics of the Indian monsoon to describe.

Ans-The Indian monsoon has three main features.

• The monsoon is the changing of dry and wet spells. Breaks are the term used for interstitial dry spells during the monsoon.
• Monsoon intensity, frequency, and length are all variable. This simultaneously produces drought in one area and floods in another.
• The monsoon’s arrival and departure are frequently erratic.

Que 5. What is the monsoon? Identify the monsoon’s two branches.

Ans- The Arabic word “Mausim,” which means “season,” is the source of the English word “monsoon.” It alludes to the yearly seasonal change of wind direction.
The Arabian Sea Branch and the Bay of Bengal Branch are the two monsoon branches.