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Describe the Internal Structure of a Dorsiventral Leaf

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Flowering plants are also known as angiosperms. The anatomy of flowering plants includes the organization of cells and tissues within the bodies of a flowering plant. Tissues are formed by a group of cells to perform a function. Flowers are known as the reproductive part of the plant since they play the main role in the process of reproduction. Angiosperms are additionally partitioned into monocotyledon and dicotyledon. Monocots vary from dicots in four particular primary highlights: leaves, stems, roots, and flowers. Plants whose seeds contain 1 cotyledon are called Monocots whereas plants whose seeds contain 2 cotyledons are called dicots.

Leaves are important parts of the plant which are mainly involved in photosynthesis. Leaves contain three types of issues which are ground, dermal and vascular. The dermal tissue framework comprises an upper epidermis and lower epidermis. The ground tissue framework that lies between the epidermal layers of the leaf is known as mesophyll tissue. Frequently it is separated into palisade parenchyma on the adaxial (upper) side and spongy parenchyma on the abaxial (lower) side.

A leaf showing this separation in mesophyll is assigned as dorsiventral. It is normal in dicot leaves. The leaves in which mesophyll is not separated like spongy or palisade parenchyma as in monocots, it is called isobilateral. The mesophyll tissue, particularly supple parenchyma cells encase a ton of air spaces. The presence of air spaces is a unique component of springy cells. They work with the vaporous trade between the interior photosynthetic tissue (mesophyll) and the outer air through the stomata.

The vascular tissue framework is made out of vascular packs.  The vascular tissue frames the skeleton of the leaf and they are known as veins. The veins supply water and minerals to the photosynthetic tissue.

Anatomy of Dorsiventral (Dicotyledonous leaf)

Dorsiventral leaves can be seen in dicot plants. The internal structure of a dorsiventral leaf shows three particular parts.

Upper epidermis

It is the peripheral layer present on the upper side of the leaf. It is a solitary layer of parenchymatous cells without intercellular spaces. The external walls of the cells are covered with the defensive layer, the fingernail skin. The quantity of stomata present in this layer is less.

Lower epidermis
It is the peripheral layer present on the lower side of the leaf. It is a solitary layer of parenchymatous cells without intercellular spaces. The external walls of the cells are covered with cuticles. An impressive number of stomata are available in this layer. Chloroplasts are present just in bean-formed cells, which encompass the stomata openings. With the assistance of stomata, the lower epidermis helps in the trading of gases. Stomata are higher on the abaxial epidermis and the lower epidermis contains stomata without chloroplast.

Mesophyll

Between the upper and lower epidermis, there is a whole mass of ground tissue called mesophyll. It comprises of two various types of parenchyma which are

  • Palisade parenchyma-This parenchyma is present beneath the upper epidermis. These are extended parenchymatous cells as they have more chloroplasts. In this way, these cells engaged in the course of photosynthesis. The cells have extremely limited intercellular spaces.
  • Spongy parenchyma-Beneath the palisade parenchyma tissue, springy parenchyma is available. Here, tissues are organized sporadically with intercellular spaces. Thus, cells are for the most part round or oval. This tissue likewise helps in the vaporous trade.

Vascular bundles

These are encircled by thick group sheath cells and should be visible in veins and midrib. These are distinct in size because of reticulate venation. Xylem lies toward the upper epidermis and phloem toward the lower epidermis. The single mid-vein vascular group is bigger, and a few more modest veinlet vascular packs are more modest. More modest vascular packs are uninhibitedly dispersed in mesophyll cells of the leaf.

Dicot Leaf

 

Conceptual Question

Question 1: What are the differences between dicot and monocot leaves?

Answer:

Characters

Dicot leaf

Monocot leaf

Nature of Orientation Dorsiventral Isobilateral
Stomata A large number of stomata present lower epidermis Stomata present in the lower and upper epidermis
Mesophyll Differentiated into palisade and spongy parenchyma Undifferentiated
Motor cells Absent Present in the upper epidermis
Intercellular spaces Large intercellular space due to mesophyll space Tighter intercellular spaces due to compact
Venation Reticulate venation Arrangement of mesophyll in parallel venation
Bundle sheath extension Parenchymatous Sclerenchymatous
Shape of stomata Kidney shaped Dumb-bell shaped
Examples peanuts, beans Palm, onions, ginger

Question 2: What are the parenchymatous cells present in the dicot leaf?

Answer:

The two types of parenchymatous cells present in the mesophyll of the dicot leaf are palisade and spongy parenchyma. The palisade parenchyma cells are columnar or rod-shaped cells that are located below the upper epidermis. They have small intercellular spaces and more chloroplasts. Palisade parenchymatous cells are locked in with the course of photosynthesis. Spongy parenchyma cells are inexactly organized and enclose plentiful intercellular spaces. They also contain chloroplasts. Since chloroplasts are plentiful in palisade parenchyma, the upper surface of leaves is darker when contrasted with the lower surface

Question 3: Which tissue is absent in monocot plants?

Answer:

Collenchyma is basically present in stems, leaves, and floral parts and is the vitally supporting tissue in many mature eudicot leaves and a few green stems. Roots rarely have Collenchyma however Collenchyma might occur in the cortex of the root if it is presented to light. Collenchyma is missing in monocots and roots because of the early improvement of sclerenchyma. Sclerenchyma gives mechanical solidarity to plants so there will be no requirement for improvement of Collenchyma.

Question 4: Why is a monocot leaf called Isobilateral?

Answer:

Monocot leaf is called isobilateral considering the way that both the surfaces of the leaf are comparably green. The type of leaves which are similar in appearance on both sides leaf are called isobilateral leaves.

Question 5: Why do dicots have more number of stomata?

The stomata of dicot plants are little pores encompassed by two bean-formed watch cells. They are available in the lower epidermis of the dicot leaf. Hence, the stomata circulation of dicot plants are called as hypostomatic distribution. The dissemination of stomata permits dicot plants to prevent water loss by transpiration and preserve water inside the plant. A low minority of dicot plants likewise contain stomata in the upper epidermis. But these plants have special adaptations to prevent excessive water loss through transpiration.

Question 6: What is the difference between monocot and dicot plants?

Answer:

Monocots vary from dicots in four particular primary highlights: leaves, stems, roots, and flowers. Plants whose seeds contain 1 cotyledon are called Monocots whereas plants whose seeds contain 2 cotyledons are called dicots.


Last Updated : 14 Jul, 2022
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