C++ Arithmetic Operators

Arithmetic Operators in C++ are used to perform arithmetic or mathematical operations on the operands. For example, ‘+’ is used for addition, ‘–‘ is used for subtraction,  ‘*’ is used for multiplication, etc. In simple terms, arithmetic operators are used to perform arithmetic operations on variables and data; they follow the same relationship between an operator and an operand.

C++ Arithmetic operators are of 2 types:

1. Unary Arithmetic Operator
2. Binary Arithmetic Operator

1. Binary Arithmetic Operator

These operators operate or work with two operands. C++ provides 5 Binary Arithmetic Operators for performing arithmetic functions:

Operator	Name of the Operators	Operation	Implementation
+	Addition	Used in calculating the Addition of two operands	x+y
–	Subtraction	Used in calculating Subtraction of two operands	x-y
*	Multiplication	Used in calculating Multiplication of two operands	x*y
/	Division	Used in calculating Division of two operands	x/y
%	Modulus	Used in calculating Remainder after calculation of two operands	x%y

Example:

C++

// C++ program to execute all 5
// arithmetic function
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
    int GFG1, GFG2;
    GFG1 = 10;
    GFG2 = 3;

    // printing the sum of GFG1 and GFG2
    cout<< "GFG1 + GFG2= " << (GFG1 + GFG2) << endl;

    // printing the difference of GFG1 and GFG2
    cout << "GFG1 - GFG2 = " << (GFG1 - GFG2) << endl;

    // printing the product of GFG1 and GFG2
    cout << "GFG1 * GFG2 = " << (GFG1 * GFG2) << endl;

    // printing the division of GFG1 by GFG2
    cout << "GFG1 / GFG2 = " << (GFG1 / GFG2) << endl;

    // printing the modulo of GFG1 by GFG2
    cout << "GFG1 % GFG2 = " << (GFG1 % GFG2) << endl;

    return 0;
}

Output

GFG1 + GFG2= 13
GFG1 - GFG2 = 7
GFG1 * GFG2 = 30
GFG1 / GFG2 = 3
GFG1 % GFG2 = 1

2. Unary Operator

These operators operate or work with a single operand.

Operator	Symbol	Operation	Implementation
Decrement Operator	—	Decreases the integer value of the variable by one	–x or x —
Increment Operator	++	Increases the integer value of the variable by one	++x or x++

Example:

C++

// C++ Program to demonstrate the
// increment and decrement operators
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
    int x = 5;

    // This statement Incremented 1
    cout << "x++ is " << x++ << endl;

    // This statement Incremented 1
    // from already Incremented
    // statement resulting in
    // Incrementing of 2
    cout << "++x is " << ++x << endl;

    int y = 10;

    // This statement Decremented 1
    cout << "y-- is " << y-- << endl;

    // This statement Decremented 1
    // from already Decremented
    // statement resulting in
    // Decrementing of 2
    cout << "--y is " << --y << endl;

    return 0;
}

Output

x++ is 5
++x is 7
y-- is 10
--y is 8

In ++x, the variable’s value is first increased/incremented before being utilised in the program.

In x++, a variable’s value is assigned before it is increased/incremented.

Similarly happens for the decrement operator.