Count Subtrees that sum up to a given value X only using single Recursive Function

Given a binary tree containing n nodes. The problem is to count subtrees having the total node’s data sum equal to a given value using only single recursive functions.

Examples:

Input: X = 7,
               5
           /    \  
     -10       3
     /  \      /  \
 9     8  -4   7 
Output: 2
Explanation: There are 2 subtrees with sum 7.
1st one is leaf node:
7
2nd one is:
      -10
     /    \
   9     8

Count subtrees that sum up to a given value x using Two Recursive Functions:

The idea is to call recursive function separately for both left and right subtree from the root node.

Follow the steps below to solve the problem:

• Make a call from Util function on to the left and right subtree.
• When the sum of the left subtree and right subtree is calculated then check if the sum of leftSum + rightSum + root = x.
  • If the condition is true then increment the count.
  • Return this sum to the previous function call.

Pseudocode:

countSubtreesWithSumX(root, count, x)

    if !root then
        return 0
    ls = countSubtreesWithSumX(root->left, count, x)
    rs = countSubtreesWithSumX(root->right, count, x)
    sum = ls + rs + root->data
    if sum == x then
        count++
    return sum

countSubtreesWithSumXUtil(root, x)

    if !root then
        return 0    
    Initialize count = 0
    ls = countSubtreesWithSumX(root->left, count, x)
    rs = countSubtreesWithSumX(root->right, count, x)    
    if (ls + rs + root->data) == x
        count++
    return count

Below is the implementation of the above approach.

C++

// C++ implementation to count subtrees that
// sum up to a given value x
#include <bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;

// structure of a node of binary tree
struct Node {
    int data;
    Node *left, *right;
};

// function to get a new node
Node* getNode(int data)
{
    // allocate space
    Node* newNode = (Node*)malloc(sizeof(Node));

    // put in the data
    newNode->data = data;
    newNode->left = newNode->right = NULL;
    return newNode;
}

// function to count subtrees that
// sum up to a given value x
int countSubtreesWithSumX(Node* root, int& count, int x)
{
    // if tree is empty
    if (!root)
        return 0;

    // sum of nodes in the left subtree
    int ls = countSubtreesWithSumX(root->left, count, x);

    // sum of nodes in the right subtree
    int rs = countSubtreesWithSumX(root->right, count, x);

    // sum of nodes in the subtree rooted
    // with 'root->data'
    int sum = ls + rs + root->data;

    // if true
    if (sum == x)
        count++;

    // return subtree's nodes sum
    return sum;
}

// utility function to count subtrees that
// sum up to a given value x
int countSubtreesWithSumXUtil(Node* root, int x)
{
    // if tree is empty
    if (!root)
        return 0;

    int count = 0;

    // sum of nodes in the left subtree
    int ls = countSubtreesWithSumX(root->left, count, x);

    // sum of nodes in the right subtree
    int rs = countSubtreesWithSumX(root->right, count, x);

    // if tree's nodes sum == x
    if ((ls + rs + root->data) == x)
        count++;

    // required count of subtrees
    return count;
}

// Driver program to test above
int main()
{
    /* binary tree creation
                5
              /   \
           -10     3
           /  \   /  \
          9    8 -4   7
    */
    Node* root = getNode(5);
    root->left = getNode(-10);
    root->right = getNode(3);
    root->left->left = getNode(9);
    root->left->right = getNode(8);
    root->right->left = getNode(-4);
    root->right->right = getNode(7);

    int x = 7;

    cout << "Count = "
         << countSubtreesWithSumXUtil(root, x);

    return 0;
}

Java

// Java program to find if
// there is a subtree with
// given sum
import java.util.*;
class GFG {

    // structure of a node
    // of binary tree
    static class Node {
        int data;
        Node left, right;
    }

    static class INT {
        int v;
        INT(int a) { v = a; }
    }

    // function to get a new node
    static Node getNode(int data)
    {
        // allocate space
        Node newNode = new Node();

        // put in the data
        newNode.data = data;
        newNode.left = newNode.right = null;
        return newNode;
    }

    // function to count subtrees that
    // sum up to a given value x
    static int countSubtreesWithSumX(Node root, INT count,
                                     int x)
    {
        // if tree is empty
        if (root == null)
            return 0;

        // sum of nodes in the left subtree
        int ls = countSubtreesWithSumX(root.left, count, x);

        // sum of nodes in the right subtree
        int rs
            = countSubtreesWithSumX(root.right, count, x);

        // sum of nodes in the subtree
        // rooted with 'root.data'
        int sum = ls + rs + root.data;

        // if true
        if (sum == x)
            count.v++;

        // return subtree's nodes sum
        return sum;
    }

    // utility function to
    // count subtrees that
    // sum up to a given value x
    static int countSubtreesWithSumXUtil(Node root, int x)
    {
        // if tree is empty
        if (root == null)
            return 0;

        INT count = new INT(0);

        // sum of nodes in the left subtree
        int ls = countSubtreesWithSumX(root.left, count, x);

        // sum of nodes in the right subtree
        int rs
            = countSubtreesWithSumX(root.right, count, x);

        // if tree's nodes sum == x
        if ((ls + rs + root.data) == x)
            count.v++;

        // required count of subtrees
        return count.v;
    }

    // Driver Code
    public static void main(String args[])
    {
        /* binary tree creation
                    5
                / \
            -10     3
            / \ / \
            9 8 -4 7
        */
        Node root = getNode(5);
        root.left = getNode(-10);
        root.right = getNode(3);
        root.left.left = getNode(9);
        root.left.right = getNode(8);
        root.right.left = getNode(-4);
        root.right.right = getNode(7);

        int x = 7;

        System.out.println(
            "Count = "
            + countSubtreesWithSumXUtil(root, x));
    }
}

// This code is contributed
// by Arnab Kundu

Python3

# Python3 implementation to count subtrees
# that Sum up to a given value x

# class to get a new node


class getNode:
    def __init__(self, data):

        # put in the data
        self.data = data
        self.left = self.right = None

# function to count subtrees that
# Sum up to a given value x


def countSubtreesWithSumX(root, count, x):

    # if tree is empty
    if (not root):
        return 0

    # Sum of nodes in the left subtree
    ls = countSubtreesWithSumX(root.left,
                               count, x)

    # Sum of nodes in the right subtree
    rs = countSubtreesWithSumX(root.right,
                               count, x)

    # Sum of nodes in the subtree
    # rooted with 'root.data'
    Sum = ls + rs + root.data

    # if true
    if (Sum == x):
        count[0] += 1

    # return subtree's nodes Sum
    return Sum

# utility function to count subtrees
# that Sum up to a given value x


def countSubtreesWithSumXUtil(root, x):

    # if tree is empty
    if (not root):
        return 0

    count = [0]

    # Sum of nodes in the left subtree
    ls = countSubtreesWithSumX(root.left,
                               count, x)

    # Sum of nodes in the right subtree
    rs = countSubtreesWithSumX(root.right,
                               count, x)

    # if tree's nodes Sum == x
    if ((ls + rs + root.data) == x):
        count[0] += 1

    # required count of subtrees
    return count[0]


# Driver Code
if __name__ == '__main__':

    # binary tree creation
    #         5
    #         / \
    #     -10     3
    #     / \ / \
    #     9 8 -4 7
    root = getNode(5)
    root.left = getNode(-10)
    root.right = getNode(3)
    root.left.left = getNode(9)
    root.left.right = getNode(8)
    root.right.left = getNode(-4)
    root.right.right = getNode(7)

    x = 7

    print("Count =",
          countSubtreesWithSumXUtil(root, x))

# This code is contributed by PranchalK

C#

using System;

// c# program to find if
// there is a subtree with
// given sum
public class GFG {

    // structure of a node
    // of binary tree
    public class Node {
        public int data;
        public Node left, right;
    }

    public class INT {
        public int v;
        public INT(int a) { v = a; }
    }

    // function to get a new node
    public static Node getNode(int data)
    {
        // allocate space
        Node newNode = new Node();

        // put in the data
        newNode.data = data;
        newNode.left = newNode.right = null;
        return newNode;
    }

    // function to count subtrees that
    // sum up to a given value x
    public static int
    countSubtreesWithSumX(Node root, INT count, int x)
    {
        // if tree is empty
        if (root == null) {
            return 0;
        }

        // sum of nodes in the left subtree
        int ls = countSubtreesWithSumX(root.left, count, x);

        // sum of nodes in the right subtree
        int rs
            = countSubtreesWithSumX(root.right, count, x);

        // sum of nodes in the subtree
        // rooted with 'root.data'
        int sum = ls + rs + root.data;

        // if true
        if (sum == x) {
            count.v++;
        }

        // return subtree's nodes sum
        return sum;
    }

    // utility function to
    // count subtrees that
    // sum up to a given value x
    public static int countSubtreesWithSumXUtil(Node root,
                                                int x)
    {
        // if tree is empty
        if (root == null) {
            return 0;
        }

        INT count = new INT(0);

        // sum of nodes in the left subtree
        int ls = countSubtreesWithSumX(root.left, count, x);

        // sum of nodes in the right subtree
        int rs
            = countSubtreesWithSumX(root.right, count, x);

        // if tree's nodes sum == x
        if ((ls + rs + root.data) == x) {
            count.v++;
        }

        // required count of subtrees
        return count.v;
    }

    // Driver Code
    public static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        /* binary tree creation
                    5
                / \
            -10     3
            / \ / \
            9 8 -4 7
        */
        Node root = getNode(5);
        root.left = getNode(-10);
        root.right = getNode(3);
        root.left.left = getNode(9);
        root.left.right = getNode(8);
        root.right.left = getNode(-4);
        root.right.right = getNode(7);

        int x = 7;

        Console.WriteLine(
            "Count = "
            + countSubtreesWithSumXUtil(root, x));
    }
}

// This code is contributed by Shrikant13

Javascript

<script>
    // Javascript program to find if
    // there is a subtree with given sum

    class Node
    {
        constructor(data) {
           this.left = null;
           this.right = null;
           this.data = data;
        }
    }

    let v;

    // function to get a new node
    function getNode(data)
    {
        // allocate space
        let newNode = new Node(data);
        return newNode;
    }

    // function to count subtrees that
    // sum up to a given value x
    function countSubtreesWithSumX(root, x)
    {
        // if tree is empty
        if (root == null)
            return 0;

        // sum of nodes in the left subtree
        let ls = countSubtreesWithSumX(root.left, x);

        // sum of nodes in the right subtree
        let rs = countSubtreesWithSumX(root.right, x);

        // sum of nodes in the subtree
        // rooted with 'root.data'
        let sum = ls + rs + root.data;

        // if true
        if (sum == x)
            v++;

        // return subtree's nodes sum
        return sum;
    }

    // utility function to
    // count subtrees that
    // sum up to a given value x
    function countSubtreesWithSumXUtil(root, x)
    {
        // if tree is empty
        if (root == null)
            return 0;

        v = 0;

        // sum of nodes in the left subtree
        let ls = countSubtreesWithSumX(root.left, x);

        // sum of nodes in the right subtree
        let rs = countSubtreesWithSumX(root.right, x);

        // if tree's nodes sum == x
        if ((ls + rs + root.data) == x)
            v++;

        // required count of subtrees
        return v;
    }

    /* binary tree creation
                5
            / \
        -10     3
        / \ / \
        9 8 -4 7
    */
    let root = getNode(5);
    root.left = getNode(-10);
    root.right = getNode(3);
    root.left.left = getNode(9);
    root.left.right = getNode(8);
    root.right.left = getNode(-4);
    root.right.right = getNode(7);

    let x = 7;

    document.write("Count = " +
           countSubtreesWithSumXUtil(root, x));

// This code is contributed by decode2207.
</script>

Output

Count = 2

Time Complexity: O(N), N nodes are there in the tree and visiting every node once.
Auxiliary Space: O(H), where H is the height of the tree.

Count subtrees that sum up to a given value x using Single Recursive Function:

The idea is same as above approach but instead of using two recursive function we are using one recursive function, to do the same thing we can make count variable static.

Follow the steps below to solve the problem:

• Make a function call from the root node and now explore the right and left subtree from the same function.
• Before that make the count variable static such that it doesn’t get reinitialized again.
• Now, if the function call is at the root node of the tree then return count. Otherwise, return the sum of the subtree.

Pseudocode:

countSubtreesWithSumXUtil(root, x)

 Initialize static count = 0
 Initialize static *ptr = root
    if !root then
        return 0

     Initialize static count = 0
    ls+ = countSubtreesWithSumXUtil(root->left, count, x)
    rs+ = countSubtreesWithSumXUtil(root->right, count, x)    
    if (ls + rs + root->data) == x
        count++    
    if(ptr!=root)
       return ls + root->data + rs
    else
       return count

Below is the implementation of the above approach.

C++

// C++ program to find if
// there is a subtree with
// given sum
#include <bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;

// Structure of a node of binary tree
struct Node {
    int data;
    Node *left, *right;
};

// Function to get a new node
Node* getNode(int data)
{
    // Allocate space
    Node* newNode = (Node*)malloc(sizeof(Node));

    // Put in the data
    newNode->data = data;
    newNode->left = newNode->right = NULL;
    return newNode;
}

// Utility function to count subtrees that
// sum up to a given value x
int countSubtreesWithSumXUtil(Node* root, int x)
{
    static int count = 0;
    static Node* ptr = root;
    int l = 0, r = 0;
    if (root == NULL)
        return 0;

    l += countSubtreesWithSumXUtil(root->left, x);

    r += countSubtreesWithSumXUtil(root->right, x);

    if (l + r + root->data == x)
        count++;

    if (ptr != root)
        return l + root->data + r;

    return count;
}

// Driver code
int main()
{
    /* binary tree creation
              5
            /  \
          -10   3
          / \  / \
          9 8 -4 7
    */
    Node* root = getNode(5);
    root->left = getNode(-10);
    root->right = getNode(3);
    root->left->left = getNode(9);
    root->left->right = getNode(8);
    root->right->left = getNode(-4);
    root->right->right = getNode(7);

    int x = 7;

    cout << "Count = "
         << countSubtreesWithSumXUtil(root, x);

    return 0;
}
// This code is contributed by Sadik Ali

Java

// Java program to find if
// there is a subtree with
// given sum
import java.io.*;

// Node class to create new node
class Node {
    int data;
    Node left;
    Node right;
    Node(int data) { this.data = data; }
}

class GFG {
    static int count = 0;
    static Node ptr;

    // Utility function to count subtrees that
    // sum up to a given value x
    int countSubtreesWithSumXUtil(Node root, int x)
    {
        int l = 0, r = 0;
        if (root == null)
            return 0;
        l += countSubtreesWithSumXUtil(root.left, x);
        r += countSubtreesWithSumXUtil(root.right, x);
        if (l + r + root.data == x)
            count++;
        if (ptr != root)
            return l + root.data + r;
        return count;
    }

    // Driver Code
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        /* binary tree creation
            5
        / \
        -10 3
        / \ / \
        9 8 -4 7
        */
        Node root = new Node(5);
        root.left = new Node(-10);
        root.right = new Node(3);
        root.left.left = new Node(9);
        root.left.right = new Node(8);
        root.right.left = new Node(-4);
        root.right.right = new Node(7);
        int x = 7;
        ptr = root; // assigning global value of ptr
        System.out.println(
            "Count = "
            + new GFG().countSubtreesWithSumXUtil(root, x));
    }
}

// This code is submitted by Devarshi_Singh

Python3

# Python3 program to find if there is
# a subtree with given sum

# Structure of a node of binary tree


class Node:

    def __init__(self, data):

        self.data = data
        self.left = None
        self.right = None

# Function to get a new node


def getNode(data):

    # Allocate space
    newNode = Node(data)
    return newNode


count = 0
ptr = None

# Utility function to count subtrees that
# sum up to a given value x


def countSubtreesWithSumXUtil(root, x):

    global count, ptr

    l = 0
    r = 0

    if (root == None):
        return 0

    l += countSubtreesWithSumXUtil(root.left, x)
    r += countSubtreesWithSumXUtil(root.right, x)

    if (l + r + root.data == x):
        count += 1

    if (ptr != root):
        return l + root.data + r

    return count


# Driver code
if __name__ == '__main__':

    ''' binary tree creation
              5
            /  \
          -10   3
          / \  / \
          9 8 -4 7
    '''

    root = getNode(5)
    root.left = getNode(-10)
    root.right = getNode(3)
    root.left.left = getNode(9)
    root.left.right = getNode(8)
    root.right.left = getNode(-4)
    root.right.right = getNode(7)

    x = 7
    ptr = root

    print("Count = " + str(countSubtreesWithSumXUtil(
        root, x)))

# This code is contributed by pratham76

C#

// C# program to find if
// there is a subtree with
// given sum
using System;

// Node class to
// create new node
public class Node {
    public int data;
    public Node left;
    public Node right;
    public Node(int data) { this.data = data; }
}

class GFG {

    static int count = 0;
    static Node ptr;

    // Utility function to count subtrees
    // that sum up to a given value x
    int countSubtreesWithSumXUtil(Node root, int x)
    {
        int l = 0, r = 0;
        if (root == null)
            return 0;
        l += countSubtreesWithSumXUtil(root.left, x);
        r += countSubtreesWithSumXUtil(root.right, x);
        if (l + r + root.data == x)
            count++;
        if (ptr != root)
            return l + root.data + r;
        return count;
    }

    // Driver Code
    public static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        /* binary tree creation
                  5
              / \
              -10 3
              / \ / \
              9 8 -4 7
              */
        Node root = new Node(5);
        root.left = new Node(-10);
        root.right = new Node(3);
        root.left.left = new Node(9);
        root.left.right = new Node(8);
        root.right.left = new Node(-4);
        root.right.right = new Node(7);
        int x = 7;

        // Assigning global value of ptr
        ptr = root;
        Console.Write(
            "Count = "
            + new GFG().countSubtreesWithSumXUtil(root, x));
    }
}

// This code is contributed by rutvik_56

Javascript

<script>

    // JavaScript program to find if
    // there is a subtree with
    // given sum

    class Node
    {
        constructor(data) {
           this.left = null;
           this.right = null;
           this.data = data;
        }
    }

    let count = 0;
    let ptr;

    // Utility function to count subtrees that
    // sum up to a given value x
    function countSubtreesWithSumXUtil(root, x)
    {
        let l = 0, r = 0;
        if(root == null) return 0;
        l += countSubtreesWithSumXUtil(root.left, x);
        r += countSubtreesWithSumXUtil(root.right, x);
        if(l + r + root.data == x) count++;
        if(ptr != root) return l + root.data + r;
        return count;
    }

    /* binary tree creation
           5
          / \
          -10 3
          / \ / \
          9 8 -4 7
          */
    let root = new Node(5);
    root.left = new Node(-10);
    root.right = new Node(3);
    root.left.left = new Node(9);
    root.left.right = new Node(8);
    root.right.left = new Node(-4);
    root.right.right = new Node(7);
    let x = 7;
    ptr = root; // assigning global value of ptr
    document.write("Count = " + countSubtreesWithSumXUtil(root, x));

</script>

Output

Count = 2

Time Complexity: O(N), N nodes are there in the tree and visiting every node once.
Auxiliary Space: O(H), where H is the height of the tree.