Count pairs with Bitwise AND as ODD number

Given an array of N integers. The task is to find the number of pairs (i, j) such that A[i] & A[j] is odd.
Examples:

Input: N = 4 
A[] = { 5, 1, 3, 2 } 
Output: 3 
Since pair of A[] = ( 5, 1 ), ( 5, 3 ), ( 5, 2 ), ( 1, 3 ), ( 1, 2 ), ( 3, 2 ) 
5 AND 1 = 1, 5 AND 3 = 1, 5 AND 2 = 0, 
1 AND 3 = 1, 1 AND 2 = 0, 
3 AND 2 = 2 
Total odd pair A( i, j ) = 3
Input : N = 6 
A[] = { 5, 9, 0, 6, 7, 3 } 
Output :6 
Since pair of A[] = 
( 5, 9 ) = 1, ( 5, 0 ) = 0, ( 5, 6 ) = 4, ( 5, 7 ) = 5, ( 5, 3 ) = 1, 
( 9, 0 ) = 0, ( 9, 6 ) = 0, ( 9, 7 ) = 1, ( 9, 3 ) = 1, 
( 0, 6 ) = 0, ( 0, 7 ) = 0, ( 0, 3 ) = 0, 
( 6, 7 ) = 6, ( 6, 3 ) = 2, 
( 7, 3 ) = 3 

A naive approach is to check for every pair and print the count of pairs.
Below is the implementation of the above approach:

C++

// C++ program to count pairs
// with AND giving a odd number
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

// Function to count number of odd pairs
int findOddPair(int A[], int N)
{
    int i, j;

    // variable for counting odd pairs
    int oddPair = 0;

    // find all pairs
    for (i = 0; i < N; i++) {
        for (j = i + 1; j < N; j++) {

            // find AND operation
            // check odd or even
            if ((A[i] & A[j]) % 2 != 0)
                oddPair++;
        }
    }
    // return number of odd pair
    return oddPair;
}
// Driver Code
int main()
{

    int a[] = { 5, 1, 3, 2 };
    int n = sizeof(a) / sizeof(a[0]);

    // calling function findOddPair
    // and print number of odd pair
    cout << findOddPair(a, n) << endl;

    return 0;
}

Java

// Java program to count pairs
// with AND giving a odd number
class solution_1
{

// Function to count
// number of odd pairs
static int findOddPair(int A[],
                       int N)
{
    int i, j;

    // variable for counting
    // odd pairs
    int oddPair = 0;

    // find all pairs
    for (i = 0; i < N; i++)
    {
        for (j = i + 1; j < N; j++)
        {

            // find AND operation
            // check odd or even
            if ((A[i] & A[j]) % 2 != 0)
                oddPair++;
        }
    }

    // return number
    // of odd pair
    return oddPair;
}

// Driver Code
public static void main(String args[])
{
    int a[] = { 5, 1, 3, 2 };
    int n = a.length;

    // calling function findOddPair
    // and print number of odd pair
    System.out.println(findOddPair(a, n));
}
}

// This code is contributed
// by Arnab Kundu

Python

# Python program to count pairs
# with AND giving a odd number

# Function to count number
# of odd pairs
def findOddPair(A, N):

    # variable for counting odd pairs
    oddPair = 0

    # find all pairs
    for i in range(0, N - 1):
        for j in range(i + 1, N - 1):

            # find AND operation
            # check odd or even
            if ((A[i] & A[j]) % 2 != 0):
                oddPair = oddPair + 1

    # return number of odd pair
    return oddPair

# Driver Code
a = [5, 1, 3, 2]
n = len(a)

# calling function findOddPair
# and print number of odd pair
print(findOddPair(a, n))

# This code is contributed
# by Shivi_Aggarwal

C#

// C# program to count pairs
// with AND giving a odd number
using System;
class GFG
{

// Function to count
// number of odd pairs
static int findOddPair(int []A,
                       int N)
{
    int i, j;

    // variable for counting
    // odd pairs
    int oddPair = 0;

    // find all pairs
    for (i = 0; i < N; i++)
    {
        for (j = i + 1; j < N; j++)
        {

            // find AND operation
            // check odd or even
            if ((A[i] & A[j]) % 2 != 0)
                oddPair++;
        }
    }

    // return number
    // of odd pair
    return oddPair;
}

// Driver Code
public static void Main()
{
    int []a = { 5, 1, 3, 2 };
    int n = a.Length;

    // calling function findOddPair
    // and print number of odd pair
    Console.WriteLine(findOddPair(a, n));
}
}

// This code is contributed
// inder_verma.

PHP

<?php
// PHP program to count pairs
// with AND giving a odd number

// Function to count
// number of odd pairs
function findOddPair(&$A, $N)
{

    // variable for counting
    // odd pairs
    $oddPair = 0;

    // find all pairs
    for ($i = 0; $i < $N; $i++)
    {
        for ($j = $i + 1; $j < $N; $j++)
        {

            // find AND operation
            // check odd or even
            if (($A[$i] & $A[$j]) % 2 != 0)
                $oddPair = $oddPair + 1;
        }
    }

    // return number of odd pair
    return $oddPair;
}

// Driver Code
$a = array(5, 1, 3, 2);
$n = sizeof($a);

// calling function findOddPair
// and print number of odd pair
echo(findOddPair($a, $n));

// This code is contributed
// by Shivi_Aggarwal
?>

Javascript

<script>

// Javascript program to count pairs
// with AND giving a odd number

// Function to count
// number of odd pairs
function findOddPair(A, N)
{
    var i, j;

    // variable for counting
    // odd pairs
    var oddPair = 0;

    // find all pairs
    for (i = 0; i < N; i++)
    {
        for (j = i + 1; j < N; j++)
        {

            // find AND operation
            // check odd or even
            if ((A[i] & A[j]) % 2 != 0)
                oddPair++;
        }
    }

    // return number
    // of odd pair
    return oddPair;
}

// Driver Code

var a = [ 5, 1, 3, 2 ];
var n = a.length;

// calling function findOddPair
// and print number of odd pair
document.write(findOddPair(a, n));


// This code is contributed by Amit Katiyar

</script>

Output:

3

Time Complexity:O(N^2)

Auxiliary Space: O(1)

An efficient solution is to count the odd numbers. Then return count * (count – 1)/2 because AND of two numbers can be odd only if only if a pair of both numbers are odd. 

C++

// C++ program to count pairs with Odd AND
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int findOddPair(int A[], int N)
{
    // Count total odd numbers in
    int count = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
        if ((A[i] % 2 == 1))
            count++;

    // return count of even pair
    return count * (count - 1) / 2;
}

// Driver main
int main()
{
    int a[] = { 5, 1, 3, 2 };
    int n = sizeof(a) / sizeof(a[0]);

    // calling function findOddPair
    // and print number of odd pair
    cout << findOddPair(a, n) << endl;
    return 0;
}

Java

// Java program to count
// pairs with Odd AND
class solution_1
{
static int findOddPair(int A[],
                       int N)
{
    // Count total odd numbers in
    int count = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
        if ((A[i] % 2 == 1))
            count++;

    // return count of even pair
    return count * (count - 1) / 2;
}

// Driver Code
public static void main(String args[])
{
    int a[] = { 5, 1, 3, 2 };
    int n = a.length;

    // calling function findOddPair
    // and print number of odd pair
    System.out.println(findOddPair(a, n));

}
}

// This code is contributed
// by Arnab Kundu

Python

# Python program to count
# pairs with Odd AND
def findOddPair(A, N):

    # Count total odd numbers
    count = 0;
    for i in range(0, N - 1):
        if ((A[i] % 2 == 1)):
            count = count+1

    # return count of even pair
    return count * (count - 1) / 2

# Driver Code
a = [5, 1, 3, 2]
n = len(a)

# calling function findOddPair
# and print number of odd pair
print(int(findOddPair(a, n)))

# This code is contributed
# by Shivi_Aggarwal

C#

// C# program to count
// pairs with Odd AND
using System;

class GFG
{
public static int findOddPair(int[] A,
                              int N)
{
    // Count total odd numbers in
    int count = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
    {
        if ((A[i] % 2 == 1))
        {
            count++;
        }
    }

    // return count of even pair
    return count * (count - 1) / 2;
}

// Driver Code
public static void Main(string[] args)
{
    int[] a = new int[] {5, 1, 3, 2};
    int n = a.Length;

    // calling function findOddPair
    // and print number of odd pair
    Console.WriteLine(findOddPair(a, n));
}
}

// This code is contributed
// by Shrikant13

PHP

<?php
// PHP program to count
// pairs with Odd AND
function findOddPair(&$A, $N)
{
    // Count total odd numbers
    $count = 0;
    for ($i = 0; $i < $N; $i++)
        if (($A[$i] % 2 == 1))
            $count++;

    // return count of even pair
    return $count * ($count - 1) / 2;
}

// Driver Code
$a = array(5, 1, 3, 2 );
$n = sizeof($a);

// calling function findOddPair
// and print number of odd pair
echo(findOddPair($a, $n));

// This code is contributed
// by Shivi_Aggarwal
?>

Javascript

<script>

// JavaScript program to count pairs with Odd AND

function findOddPair( A, N)
{
    // Count total odd numbers in
    let count = 0;
    for (let i = 0; i < N; i++)
        if ((A[i] % 2 == 1))
            count++;

    // return count of even pair
    return count * (count - 1) / 2;
}

// Driver main

    let a = [ 5, 1, 3, 2 ];
    let n = a.length;

    // calling function findOddPair
    // and print number of odd pair

 document.write(findOddPair(a, n));

// This code contributed by aashish1995

</script>

Output:

3

Time Complexity: O(N)

Auxiliary Space: O(1)