Count pairs of equal elements possible by excluding each array element once

Last Updated : 01 Mar, 2021

Given an array arr[] of N integers, the task for each array element is to find the number of ways of choosing a pair of two equal elements excluding the current element.

Examples:

Input: arr[] = {1, 1, 2, 1, 2}
Output: 2 2 3 2 3
Explanation:
For arr[0] (= 1): The remaining array elements are {1, 2, 1, 2}. Possible choice of pairs are (1, 1), (2, 2). Therefore, count is 2.
For arr[1] (= 1): The remaining array elements are {1, 2, 1, 2}. Therefore, count is 2.
For arr[2] (= 2): The remaining array elements are {1, 1, 1, 2}. Possible choice of pairs are (arr[0], arr[1]), (arr[1], arr[2]) and (arr[0], arr[2]). Therefore, count is 3.
For arr[3] (= 1): The remaining elements are {1, 1, 2, 2}. Therefore, count is 2.
For arr[4] (= 2): The remaining elements are {1, 1, 2, 1}. Therefore, count is 3.

Input: arr[] = {1, 2, 1, 4, 2, 1, 4, 1}
Output: 5 7 5 7 7 5 7 5

Naive Approach: The simplest approach to solve this problem is to traverse the array for each array element, count all possible pairs of equal elements from the remaining array.
Time Complexity: O(N³)
Auxiliary Space: O(1)

Efficient Approach: The above approach can be optimized based on the observation that, for any i^th index (1 ≤ i ≤ N), calculate the following two values:

The number of ways to choose two distinct elements having equal values from the array.
The number of ways to choose an element from the N − 1 array elements other than the i^th element such that their values are the same as the value of the i^th element.

Follow the steps below to solve the problem:

Initialize a map, say mp, to store the frequency of every array element.
Traverse the map to count the number of pairs made up of equal values. Store the count in a variable, say total.
Traverse the array and for every i^th index, print total – (mp[arr[i]] – 1) as the required answer.

Below is the implementation of the above approach:

C++

// C++ program for the above approach
 
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
 
// Function to count the number of
// required pairs for every array element
void countEqualElementPairs(int arr[], int N)
{
    // Initialize a map
    unordered_map<int, int> mp;
 
    // Update the frequency
    // of every element
    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
        mp[arr[i]] += 1;
    }
 
    // Stores the count of pairs
    int total = 0;
 
    // Traverse the map
    for (auto i : mp) {
 
        // Count the number of ways to
        // select pairs consisting of
        // equal elements only
        total += (i.second * (i.second - 1)) / 2;
    }
 
    // Traverse the array
    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
 
        // Print the count for
        // every array element
        cout << total - (mp[arr[i]] - 1)
             << " ";
    }
}
 
// Driver code
int main()
{
    // Given array
    int arr[] = { 1, 1, 2, 1, 2 };
 
    // Size of the array
    int N = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]);
 
    countEqualElementPairs(arr, N);
}

Java

/*package whatever //do not write package name here */
import java.io.*;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.HashMap;
 
class GFG
{
   
  // Function to count the number of
  // required pairs for every array element
  public static void countEqualElementPairs(int arr[],
                                            int N)
  {
     
    // Initialize a map
    HashMap<Integer, Integer> map = new HashMap<>();
     
    // Update the frequency
    // of every element
    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
    {
      Integer k = map.get(arr[i]);
      map.put(arr[i], (k == null) ? 1 : k + 1);
    }
     
    // Stores the count of pairs
    int total = 0;
 
    // Traverse the map
    for (Map.Entry<Integer, Integer> e :
         map.entrySet())
    {
       
      // Count the number of ways to
      // select pairs consisting of
      // equal elements only
      total
        += (e.getValue() * (e.getValue() - 1)) / 2;
    }
 
    // Traverse the array
    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
 
      // Print the count for
      // every array element
      System.out.print(total - (map.get(arr[i]) - 1)
                       + " ");
    }
  }
 
  // Driver code
  public static void main(String[] args)
  {
     
    // Given array
    int arr[] = { 1, 1, 2, 1, 2 };
 
    // Size of the array
    int N = 5;
 
    countEqualElementPairs(arr, N);
  }
}
 
// This code is contributed by adity7409.

Python3

# Python 3 program for the above approach
 
# Function to count the number of
# required pairs for every array element
def countEqualElementPairs(arr, N):
   
    # Initialize a map
    mp = {}
 
    # Update the frequency
    # of every element
    for i in range(N):
        if arr[i] in mp:
            mp[arr[i]] += 1
        else:
            mp[arr[i]] = 1
 
    # Stores the count of pairs
    total = 0
 
    # Traverse the map
    for key,value in mp.items():
       
        # Count the number of ways to
        # select pairs consisting of
        # equal elements only
        total += (value * (value - 1)) / 2
 
    # Traverse the array
    for i in range(N):
       
        # Print the count for
        # every array element
        print(int(total - (mp[arr[i]] - 1)),end = " ")
 
# Driver code
if __name__ == '__main__':
   
    # Given array
    arr = [1, 1, 2, 1, 2]
 
    # Size of the array
    N = len(arr)
 
    countEqualElementPairs(arr, N)
     
    # This code is contributed by SURENDRA_GANGWAR.

Output:

2 2 3 2 3

Time Complexity: O(N)
Auxiliary Space: O(N)

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