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Count of ways to select exactly K non-disjoint ranges from given N ranges

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Given two arrays L[] and R[] of size N, and an integer K, the task is to find the number of ways to select exact K disjoint ranges formed by taking elements present at the same index from the array L[] and R[].

Examples

Input: N = 7, K = 3, L[] = {1, 3, 4, 6, 1, 5, 8}, R[] = {7, 8, 5, 7, 3, 10, 9}
Output: 9
Explanation: 
The possible ways of selecting K ranges are: 

  1. Select ranges {1, 7}, {3, 8}, and {4, 5}
  2. Select ranges {1, 7}, {3, 8}, and {6, 7}
  3. Select ranges {1, 7}, {3, 8}, and {1, 3}
  4. Select ranges {1, 7}, {3, 8}, and {5, 10}
  5. Select ranges {1, 7}, {4, 5}, and {5, 10}
  6. Select ranges {1, 7}, {6, 7}, and {5, 10}
  7. Select ranges {3, 8}, {4, 5}, and {5, 10}
  8. Select ranges {3, 8}, {6, 7}, and {5, 10}
  9. Select ranges {3, 8}, {5, 10}, and {8, 9}

Input: N = 2, K = 2, L[] = {100, 200}, R[] ={ 201, 300}
Output: 0

Naive Approach: The simplest approach to solve the problem is to select every possible distinct K pair and check if they are disjoint for every pair of all the ranges.

Time Complexity: O(N!)
Auxiliary Space: O(1)

Efficient Approach: The above approach can be optimized by checking for every range the number of non-disjoint ranges which can be used with the current range. Follow the steps below to optimize the above approach:

  • Initialize a variable, say, cnt to count the number of non-disjoint ranges for every current range.
  • Initialize a vector of pairs, say preprocessed to store all the left boundary as {L[i], 1} and the right boundary as {R[i]+1, -1} of a range.
  • Iterate over the range [0, N], using the variable i, and perform the following steps:
    • Push the pairs {L[i], 1} and {R[i]+1, -1} into the vector preprocessed.
  • Sort the vector, preprocessed in non-decreasing order.
  • Initialize variables, say ans and cnt as 0 to store the answer and to store the segment that intersects with the current range.
  • Iterate over the vector preprocessed using the variable i and do the following:
    • If the second element of the pair is 1 and cnt >= K-1, then increase the ans by cntCK-1 and update cnt to cnt+1.
    • Otherwise, update the cnt as cnt+1.
  • Finally, after completing the above steps, print the ans.

Below is the implementation of the above approach:

C++




// C++ program for the above approach
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
 
// Utility function to calculate nCr
int nCr(int n, int r, int* f)
{
    return f[n] / f[r] * f[n - r];
}
 
// Function to calculate number of ways
// to choose K ranges such that no two of
// them are disjoint.
int NumberOfWaysToChooseKRanges(int L[], int R[],
                                int N, int K)
{
    // Stores the factorials
    int f[N + 1];
    f[0] = 1;
 
    // Iterate over the range [1, N]
    for (int i = 1; i <= N; i++) {
        f[i] = f[i - 1] * i;
    }
 
    // Preprocessing the ranges into
    // new vector
    vector<pair<int, int> > preprocessed;
 
    // Traverse the given ranges
    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
        preprocessed.push_back(make_pair(L[i], 1));
        preprocessed.push_back(make_pair(R[i] + 1, -1));
    }
 
    // Sorting the preprocessed vector
    sort(preprocessed.begin(), preprocessed.end());
 
    // Stores the result
    int ans = 0;
 
    // Stores the count of non-disjoint ranges
    int Cnt = 0;
 
    // Traverse the preprocessed vector of pairs
    for (int i = 0; i < preprocessed.size(); i++) {
 
        // If current point is a left boundary
        if (preprocessed[i].second == 1) {
            if (Cnt >= K - 1) {
                // Update the answer
                ans += nCr(Cnt, K - 1, f);
            }
 
            // Increment cnt by 1
            Cnt++;
        }
        else {
            // Decrement cnt by 1
            Cnt--;
        }
    }
 
    // Return the ans
    return ans;
}
 
// Driver Code
int main()
{
    // Given Input
    int N = 7, K = 3;
    int L[] = { 1, 3, 4, 6, 1, 5, 8 };
    int R[] = { 7, 8, 5, 7, 3, 10, 9 };
 
    // Function Call
    cout << NumberOfWaysToChooseKRanges(L, R, N, K);
    return 0;
}


Java




// Java program for the above approach
 
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
 
class GFG {
   
static class pair
{
    int first, second;
      
    public pair(int first, int second)
    {
        this.first = first;
        this.second = second;
    }  
}
  
// Utility function to calculate nCr
static int nCr(int n, int r, int f[])
{
    return f[n] / f[r] * f[n - r];
}
 
// Function to calculate number of ways
// to choose K ranges such that no two of
// them are disjoint.
static int NumberOfWaysToChooseKRanges(int L[], int R[],
                                int N, int K)
{
    // Stores the factorials
    int f[] = new int[N + 1];
    f[0] = 1;
 
    // Iterate over the range [1, N]
    for (int i = 1; i <= N; i++) {
        f[i] = f[i - 1] * i;
    }
 
    // Preprocessing the ranges into
    // new vector
    Vector<pair > preprocessed = new Vector<pair >();
 
    // Traverse the given ranges
    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
        preprocessed.add(new pair(L[i], 1));
        preprocessed.add(new pair(R[i] + 1, -1));
    }
 
    // Sorting the preprocessed vector
    Collections.sort(preprocessed, new Comparator<pair>() {
            @Override public int compare(pair p1, pair p2)
            {
                  if (p1.first != p2.first)
                    return (p1.first - p2.first);
                  return p1.second - p2.second;
            }
        });
 
    // Stores the result
    int ans = 0;
 
    // Stores the count of non-disjoint ranges
    int Cnt = 0;
 
    // Traverse the preprocessed vector of pairs
    for (int i = 0; i < preprocessed.size(); i++) {
         
        // If current point is a left boundary
        if (preprocessed.elementAt(i).second == 1) {
            if (Cnt >= K - 1) {
                // Update the answer
                ans += nCr(Cnt, K - 1, f);
            }
 
            // Increment cnt by 1
            Cnt++;
        }
        else {
            // Decrement cnt by 1
            Cnt--;
        }
    }
 
    // Return the ans
    return ans;
}
 
// Driver Code
public static void main (String[] args) {
    // Given Input
    int N = 7, K = 3;
    int L[] = { 1, 3, 4, 6, 1, 5, 8 };
    int R[] = { 7, 8, 5, 7, 3, 10, 9 };
 
    // Function Call
    System.out.println(NumberOfWaysToChooseKRanges(L, R, N, K));
}
}
 
// This code is contributed by Dharanendra L V.


Python3




# Python3 program for the above approach
 
# Utility function to calculate nCr
def nCr(n, r, f):
     
    return f[n] // f[r] * f[n - r]
 
# Function to calculate number of ways
# to choose K ranges such that no two of
# them are disjoint.
def NumberOfWaysToChooseKRanges(L, R, N, K):
     
    # Stores the factorials
    f = [0 for i in range(N + 1)]
    f[0] = 1
 
    # Iterate over the range [1, N]
    for i in range(1, N + 1, 1):
        f[i] = f[i - 1] * i
 
    # Preprocessing the ranges into
    # new vector
    preprocessed = []
 
    # Traverse the given ranges
    for i in range(N):
        preprocessed.append([L[i], 1])
        preprocessed.append([R[i] + 1, -1])
 
    # Sorting the preprocessed vector
    preprocessed.sort()
 
    # Stores the result
    ans = 0
 
    # Stores the count of non-disjoint ranges
    Cnt = 0
 
    # Traverse the preprocessed vector of pairs
    for i in range(len(preprocessed)):
         
        # If current point is a left boundary
        if (preprocessed[i][1] == 1):
            if (Cnt >= K - 1):
                 
                # Update the answer
                ans += nCr(Cnt, K - 1, f)
 
            # Increment cnt by 1
            Cnt += 1
        else:
             
            # Decrement cnt by 1
            Cnt -= 1
 
    # Return the ans
    return ans
 
# Driver Code
if __name__ == '__main__':
     
    # Given Input
    N = 7
    K = 3
    L = [ 1, 3, 4, 6, 1, 5, 8 ]
    R = [ 7, 8, 5, 7, 3, 10, 9 ]
 
    # Function Call
    print(NumberOfWaysToChooseKRanges(L, R, N, K))
 
# This code is contributed by SURENDRA_GANGWAR


Javascript




<script>
 
// JavaScript program for the above approach
 
// Utility function to calculate nCr
function nCr(n, r, f) {
    return f[n] / f[r] * f[n - r];
}
 
// Function to calculate number of ways
// to choose K ranges such that no two of
// them are disjoint.
function NumberOfWaysToChooseKRanges(L, R, N, K) {
    // Stores the factorials
    let f = new Array(N + 1);
    f[0] = 1;
 
    // Iterate over the range [1, N]
    for (let i = 1; i <= N; i++) {
        f[i] = f[i - 1] * i;
    }
 
    // Preprocessing the ranges into
    // new vector
    let preprocessed = [];
 
    // Traverse the given ranges
    for (let i = 0; i < N; i++) {
        preprocessed.push([L[i], 1]);
        preprocessed.push([R[i] + 1, -1]);
    }
 
    // Sorting the preprocessed vector
    preprocessed.sort((a, b) => {
        if (a[0] != b[0])
            return a[0] - b[0]
        return a[1] - b[1]
    });
 
    // Stores the result
    let ans = 0;
 
    // Stores the count of non-disjoint ranges
    let Cnt = 0;
 
    // Traverse the preprocessed vector of pairs
    for (let i = 0; i < preprocessed.length; i++) {
 
        // If current point is a left boundary
        if (preprocessed[i][1] == 1) {
            console.log("Hello babe")
 
            if (Cnt >= K - 1) {
                // Update the answer
                ans += nCr(Cnt, K - 1, f);
            }
 
            // Increment cnt by 1
            Cnt++;
        }
        else {
            // Decrement cnt by 1
            Cnt--;
        }
    }
 
    // Return the ans
    return ans;
}
 
// Driver Code
 
// Given Input
let N = 7, K = 3;
let L = [1, 3, 4, 6, 1, 5, 8];
let R = [7, 8, 5, 7, 3, 10, 9];
 
// Function Call
document.write(NumberOfWaysToChooseKRanges(L, R, N, K));
 
</script>


C#




// C# program for the above approach
 
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
 
// Driver Code
class GFG
{
    class pair : IComparable<pair>
    {
        public int first, second;
         
        // Constructor
        public pair(int first, int second)
        {
            this.first = first;
            this.second = second;
        }
 
        // Compare two pairs
        public int CompareTo(pair other)
        {
            if (this.first != other.first)
            {
                return this.first - other.first;
            }
            return this.second - other.second;
        }
    }
 
    // Utility function to calculate nCr
    static int nCr(int n, int r, int[] f)
    {
        return f[n] / f[r] * f[n - r];
    }
     
    // Function to calculate number of ways
    // to choose K ranges such that no two of
    // them are disjoint.
 
    static int NumberOfWaysToChooseKRanges(int[] L, int[] R, int N, int K)
    {
         
        // Stores the factorials
        int[] f = new int[N + 1];
        f[0] = 1;
     
        // Iterate over the range [1, N]
        for (int i = 1; i <= N; i++)
        {
            f[i] = f[i - 1] * i;
        }
         
        // Preprocessing the ranges into
        // new vector
        List<pair> preprocessed = new List<pair>();
         
        // Traverse the given ranges
        for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
        {
            preprocessed.Add(new pair(L[i], 1));
            preprocessed.Add(new pair(R[i] + 1, -1));
        }
         
         
        // Sorting the preprocessed vector
        preprocessed.Sort();
 
        // Stores the result
        int ans = 0;
         
        // Stores the count of non-disjoint ranges
        int Cnt = 0;
         
        for (int i = 0; i < preprocessed.Count; i++)
        {
            // If current point is a left boundary
            if (preprocessed[i].second == 1)
            {
                if (Cnt >= K - 1)
                {
                    // Update the answer
                    ans += nCr(Cnt, K - 1, f);
                }
                 
                // Increment cnt by 1
                Cnt++;
            }
            else
            {
                // Decrement cnt by 1
                Cnt--;
            }
        }
 
        // Return the ans
        return ans;
    }
 
    static void Main()
    {
        // Given Input
         
        int N = 7, K = 3;
         
        int[] L = { 1, 3, 4, 6, 1, 5, 8 };
         
        int[] R = { 7, 8, 5, 7, 3, 10, 9 };
 
        // Function Call
        Console.WriteLine(NumberOfWaysToChooseKRanges(L, R, N, K));
    }
}


Output

9

Time Complexity: O(N*log(N))
Auxiliary Space: O(N)



Last Updated : 20 Jan, 2023
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