Count of unique pairs (arr[i], arr[j]) such that i < j

Difficulty Level : Medium
Last Updated : 06 Oct, 2020

Given an array arr[], the task is to print the count of unique pairs (arr[i], arr[j]) such that i < j.

Examples:

Input: arr[] = {1, 2, 1, 4, 5, 2}
Output: 11
The possible pairs are (1, 2), (1, 1), (1, 4), (1, 5), (2, 1), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 2), (4, 5), (4, 2), (5, 2)

Input: arr[] = {1, 2, 3, 4}
Output: 6
The possible pairs are (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 3), (2, 4), (3, 4)

Naive approach: The easiest way is to iterate through every possible pair and if it satisfies the condition, then add it to a set. Then, we can return the size of the set as our answer.

Below is the implementation of the above approach:

C++

// C++ implementation of the approach
#include <iostream>
#include <set>
using namespace std;
  
// Function to return the count  
// of unique pairs in the array  
int getPairs(int arr[], int n)
{
    // Set to store unique pairs  
    set<pair<int, int>> h;
    for(int i = 0; i < (n - 1); i++)
    { 
        for (int j = i + 1; j < n; j++) 
        {
            // Create pair of (arr[i], arr[j])  
            // and add it to the hashset  
            h.insert(make_pair(arr[i], arr[j]));  
        }
    }
     
    // Return the size of the HashSet  
    return h.size(); 
}
     
// Driver code
int main()
{
    int arr[] = { 1, 2, 2, 4, 2, 5, 3, 5 };
    int  n = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]);
    printf("%d", getPairs(arr, n)) ;
    return 0;
}
  
// This code is contributed by SHUBHAMSINGH10

Java

// Java implementation of the approach
import java.util.HashSet;
import javafx.util.Pair;
 
class GFG {
 
    // Function to return the count
    // of unique pairs in the array
    static int getPairs(int arr[], int n)
    {
 
        // HashSet to store unique pairs
        HashSet<Pair> h = new HashSet<Pair>();
        for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) {
            for (int j = i + 1; j < n; j++) {
 
                // Create pair of (a[i], a[j])
                // and add it to the hashset
                Pair<Integer, Integer> p
                    = new Pair<>(arr[i], arr[j]);
                h.add(p);
            }
        }
 
        // Return the size of the HashSet
        return h.size();
    }
 
    // Driver code
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        int arr[] = { 1, 2, 2, 4, 2, 5, 3, 5 };
        int n = arr.length;
        System.out.println(getPairs(arr, n));
    }
}

Python3

# Python3 implementation of the approach 
  
# Function to return the count 
# of unique pairs in the array 
def getPairs(arr, n) :
      
    # Set to store unique pairs 
    h = set() 
    for i in range(n - 1) :
        for j in range(i + 1, n) :
             
            # Create pair of (a[i], a[j]) 
            # and add it to the hashset 
            h.add((arr[i], arr[j])); 
              
    # Return the size of the HashSet 
    return len(h); 
  
# Driver code 
if __name__ == "__main__" :
       
    arr = [ 1, 2, 2, 4, 2, 5, 3, 5 ] 
    n = len(arr) 
      
    print(getPairs(arr, n))
      
# This code is contributed by Ryuga

C#

// C# implementation of the approach
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
 
class GFG{
 
// Function to return the count
// of unique pairs in the array
static int getPairs(int []arr, int n)
{
     
    // HashSet to store unique pairs
    HashSet<Tuple<int,
                  int>> h = new HashSet<Tuple<int,
                                              int>>();
                                               
    for(int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++)
    {
        for(int j = i + 1; j < n; j++) 
        {
             
            // Create pair of (a[i], a[j])
            // and add it to the hashset
            Tuple<int, 
                  int> p = new Tuple<int,
                                     int>(arr[i], 
                                          arr[j]);
            h.Add(p);
        }
    }
 
    // Return the size of the HashSet
    return h.Count;
}
 
// Driver code
public static void Main(String[] args)
{
    int []arr = { 1, 2, 2, 4, 2, 5, 3, 5 };
    int n = arr.Length;
     
    Console.WriteLine(getPairs(arr, n));
}
}
 
// This code is contributed by Amit Katiyar

Output:

Time Complexity: O(n²)

Note: Please use an offline IDE to compile the above code. Online compilers might not support JavaFX.

Efficient Approach: Every element arr[i] can form a pair with the element arr[j] if i < j. But (arr[i], arr[j]) should be unique therefore for every unique arr[i], possible pairs will be equal to the number of distinct numbers in the sub-array arr[i + 1], arr[i + 2], …, arr[n – 1]. So for every arr[i], we will find the unique elements from right to left. For this task, it is easy to keep track of the elements visited by using a Hash Tablle. In this way, we will have unique arr[i] for every unique arr[j]. Now, we will sum these values for every unique arr[i] which is the desired count of pairs.

Below is the implementation of the above approach:

C++

// C++ implementation of the approach
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
 
// Function to return the count
// of unique pairs in the array
int getPairs(int a[], int n)
{
    set<int> visited1;
 
    // un[i] stores number of unique elements
    // from un[i + 1] to un[n - 1]
    int un[n] ;
 
    // Last element will have no unique elements
    // after it
    un[n - 1] = 0;
 
    // To count unique elements after every a[i]
    int count = 0;
     // auto pos = s.find(3); 
 
     // prints the set elements 
     // cout << "The set elements after 3 are: "; 
     // for (auto it = pos; it != s.end(); it++) 
    // cout << *it << " "
    for (int i = n - 1; i > 0; i--)
    {
 
        // If current element has already been used
        // i.e. not unique
        auto pos = visited1.find(a[i]); 
        if (pos != visited1.end())
            un[i - 1] = count;
        else
            un[i - 1] = ++count;
 
        // Set to true if a[i] is visited
        visited1.insert(a[i]);
    }
 
    set<int>visited2;
 
    // To know which a[i] is already visited
    int answer = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) 
    {
 
        // If visited, then the pair would
        // not be unique
        auto pos = visited2.find(a[i]); 
        if (pos != visited2.end())
            continue;
 
        // Calculating total unqiue pairs
        answer += un[i];
 
        // Set to true if a[i] is visited
        visited2.insert(a[i]);
    }
    return answer;
}
 
// Driver code
int main()
{
    int a[] = { 1, 2, 2, 4, 2, 5, 3, 5 };
    int n = sizeof(a)/sizeof(a[0]);
 
    // Print the count of unique pairs
    cout<<(getPairs(a, n));
}
 
// This code is contributed by Rajput-Ji

Java

// Java implementation of the approach
import java.util.HashSet;
 
public class GFG {
 
    // Function to return the count
    // of unique pairs in the array
    static int getPairs(int a[], int n)
    {
        HashSet<Integer> visited1 = new HashSet<Integer>();
 
        // un[i] stores number of unique elements
        // from un[i + 1] to un[n - 1]
        int un[] = new int[n];
 
        // Last element will have no unique elements
        // after it
        un[n - 1] = 0;
 
        // To count unique elements after every a[i]
        int count = 0;
        for (int i = n - 1; i > 0; i--) {
 
            // If current element has already been used
            // i.e. not unique
            if (visited1.contains(a[i]))
                un[i - 1] = count;
            else
                un[i - 1] = ++count;
 
            // Set to true if a[i] is visited
            visited1.add(a[i]);
        }
 
        HashSet<Integer> visited2 = new HashSet<Integer>();
 
        // To know which a[i] is already visited
        int answer = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) {
 
            // If visited, then the pair would
            // not be unique
            if (visited2.contains(a[i]))
                continue;
 
            // Calculating total unqiue pairs
            answer += un[i];
 
            // Set to true if a[i] is visited
            visited2.add(a[i]);
        }
        return answer;
    }
 
    // Driver code
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        int a[] = { 1, 2, 2, 4, 2, 5, 3, 5 };
        int n = a.length;
 
        // Print the count of unique pairs
        System.out.println(getPairs(a, n));
    }
}

Python3

# Python3 implementation of the approach 
 
# Function to return the count 
# of unique pairs in the array 
def getPairs(a, n):
     
    visited1 = set() 
     
    # un[i] stores number of unique elements 
    # from un[i + 1] to un[n - 1] 
    un = [0] * n
     
    # Last element will have no unique elements 
    # after it 
    un[n - 1] = 0
     
    # To count unique elements after every a[i] 
    count = 0
    for i in range(n - 1, -1, -1):
         
        # If current element has already been used 
        # i.e. not unique 
        if (a[i] in visited1):
            un[i - 1] = count 
        else:
            count += 1
            un[i - 1] = count 
         
        # Set to true if a[i] is visited 
        visited1.add(a[i]) 
     
    visited2 = set()
     
    # To know which a[i] is already visited 
    answer = 0
    for i in range(n - 1):
         
        # If visited, then the pair would 
        # not be unique 
        if (a[i] in visited2):
            continue
             
        # Calculating total unqiue pairs 
        answer += un[i] 
         
        # Set to true if a[i] is visited 
        visited2.add(a[i]) 
     
    return answer 
 
# Driver code 
 
a = [1, 2, 2, 4, 2, 5, 3, 5]
n = len(a)
 
# Print the count of unique pairs 
print(getPairs(a, n)) 
 
# This code is contributed by SHUBHAMSINGH10

C#

// C# implementation of the approach 
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic; 
 
class GFG 
{ 
 
    // Function to return the count 
    // of unique pairs in the array 
    static int getPairs(int []a, int n) 
    { 
        HashSet<int> visited1 = new HashSet<int>(); 
 
        // un[i] stores number of unique elements 
        // from un[i + 1] to un[n - 1] 
        int []un = new int[n]; 
 
        // Last element will have no unique elements 
        // after it 
        un[n - 1] = 0; 
 
        // To count unique elements after every a[i] 
        int count = 0; 
        for (int i = n - 1; i > 0; i--) 
        { 
 
            // If current element has already been used 
            // i.e. not unique 
            if (visited1.Contains(a[i])) 
                un[i - 1] = count; 
            else
                un[i - 1] = ++count; 
 
            // Set to true if a[i] is visited 
            visited1.Add(a[i]); 
        } 
 
        HashSet<int> visited2 = new HashSet<int>(); 
 
        // To know which a[i] is already visited 
        int answer = 0; 
        for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) 
        { 
 
            // If visited, then the pair would 
            // not be unique 
            if (visited2.Contains(a[i])) 
                continue; 
 
            // Calculating total unqiue pairs 
            answer += un[i]; 
 
            // Set to true if a[i] is visited 
            visited2.Add(a[i]); 
        } 
        return answer; 
    } 
 
    // Driver code 
    public static void Main(String[] args) 
    { 
        int []a = { 1, 2, 2, 4, 2, 5, 3, 5 }; 
        int n = a.Length; 
 
        // Print the count of unique pairs 
        Console.WriteLine(getPairs(a, n)); 
    } 
} 
 
/* This code contributed by PrinciRaj1992 */

Output:

Time Complexity: O(n)

Attention reader! Don’t stop learning now. Get hold of all the important DSA concepts with the DSA Self Paced Course at a student-friendly price and become industry ready.

My Personal Notes

Related Articles

C++

Java

Python3

C#

C++

Java

Python3

C#