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Count of subtrees from an N-ary tree consisting of single colored nodes

Given a N-ary tree consisting of N nodes and a matrix edges[][] consisting of N – 1 edges of the form (X, Y) denoting the edge between node X and node Y and an array col[] consisting of values: 
 

The task is to find the number of subtrees of the given tree which consists of only single-colored nodes.
Examples: 
 

Input: 
N = 5, col[] = {2, 0, 0, 1, 2}, 
edges[][] = {{1, 2}, {2, 3}, {2, 4}, {2, 5}} 
Output:
Explanation: 
A subtree of node 4 which is {4} has no blue vertex and contains only one red vertex.
Input: 
N = 5, col[] = {1, 0, 0, 0, 2}, 
edges[][] = {{1, 2}, {2, 3}, {3, 4}, {4, 5}} 
Output:
Explanation: 
Below are the subtrees with the given property: 
 

  1. Subtree with root node value 2 {2, 3, 4, 5}
  2. Subtree with root node value 3 {3, 4, 5}
  3. Subtree with root node value 4 {4, 5}
  4. Subtree with root node value 5 {5}

 

 

Approach: The given problem can be solved using Depth First Search Traversal. The idea is to calculate the number of red and blue nodes in each subtree using DFS for the given tree. Once calculated, count the number of subtrees containing only blue colored nodes and only red colored nodes.
Below is the implementation of the above approach: 
 




// C++ program for the above approach
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
 
// Function to implement DFS traversal
void Solution_dfs(int v, int color[], int red,
                  int blue, int* sub_red,
                  int* sub_blue, int* vis,
                  map<int, vector<int> >& adj,
                  int* ans)
{
 
    // Mark node v as visited
    vis[v] = 1;
 
    // Traverse Adj_List of node v
    for (int i = 0; i < adj[v].size();
         i++) {
 
        // If current node is not visited
        if (vis[adj[v][i]] == 0) {
 
            // DFS call for current node
            Solution_dfs(adj[v][i], color,
                         red, blue,
                         sub_red, sub_blue,
                         vis, adj, ans);
 
            // Count the total red and blue
            // nodes of children of its subtree
            sub_red[v] += sub_red[adj[v][i]];
            sub_blue[v] += sub_blue[adj[v][i]];
        }
    }
 
    if (color[v] == 1) {
        sub_red[v]++;
    }
 
    // Count the no. of red and blue
    // nodes in the subtree
    if (color[v] == 2) {
        sub_blue[v]++;
    }
 
    // If subtree contains all
    // red node & no blue node
    if (sub_red[v] == red
        && sub_blue[v] == 0) {
        (*ans)++;
    }
 
    // If subtree contains all
    // blue node & no red node
    if (sub_red[v] == 0
        && sub_blue[v] == blue) {
        (*ans)++;
    }
}
 
// Function to count the number of
// nodes with red color
int countRed(int color[], int n)
{
    int red = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        if (color[i] == 1)
            red++;
    }
    return red;
}
 
// Function to count the number of
// nodes with blue color
int countBlue(int color[], int n)
{
    int blue = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        if (color[i] == 2)
            blue++;
    }
    return blue;
}
 
// Function to create a Tree with
// given vertices
void buildTree(int edge[][2],
               map<int, vector<int> >& m,
               int n)
{
    int u, v, i;
 
    // Traverse the edge[] array
    for (i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) {
 
        u = edge[i][0] - 1;
        v = edge[i][1] - 1;
 
        // Create adjacency list
        m[u].push_back(v);
        m[v].push_back(u);
    }
}
 
// Function to count the number of
// subtree with the given condition
void countSubtree(int color[], int n,
                  int edge[][2])
{
 
    // For creating adjacency list
    map<int, vector<int> > adj;
    int ans = 0;
 
    // To store the count of subtree
    // with only blue and red color
    int sub_red[n + 3] = { 0 };
    int sub_blue[n + 3] = { 0 };
 
    // visited array for DFS Traversal
    int vis[n + 3] = { 0 };
 
    // Count the number of red
    // node in the tree
    int red = countRed(color, n);
 
    // Count the number of blue
    // node in the tree
    int blue = countBlue(color, n);
 
    // Function Call to build tree
    buildTree(edge, adj, n);
 
    // DFS Traversal
    Solution_dfs(0, color, red, blue,
                 sub_red, sub_blue,
                 vis, adj, &ans);
 
    // Print the final count
    cout << ans;
}
// Driver Code
int main()
{
    int N = 5;
    int color[] = { 1, 0, 0, 0, 2 };
    int edge[][2] = { { 1, 2 },
                      { 2, 3 },
                      { 3, 4 },
                      { 4, 5 } };
 
    countSubtree(color, N, edge);
 
    return 0;
}




# Function to implement DFS traversal
def Solution_dfs(v, color, red, blue, sub_red, sub_blue, vis, adj, ans):
  
    # Mark node v as visited
    vis[v] = 1;
  
    # Traverse Adj_List of node v
    for i in range(len(adj[v])):
  
        # If current node is not visited
        if (vis[adj[v][i]] == 0):
  
            # DFS call for current node
            ans=Solution_dfs(adj[v][i], color,red, blue,sub_red, sub_blue,vis, adj, ans);
  
            # Count the total red and blue
            # nodes of children of its subtree
            sub_red[v] += sub_red[adj[v][i]];
            sub_blue[v] += sub_blue[adj[v][i]];
         
    if (color[v] == 1):
        sub_red[v] += 1;
     
    # Count the no. of red and blue
    # nodes in the subtree
    if (color[v] == 2):
        sub_blue[v] += 1;
     
    # If subtree contains all
    # red node & no blue node
    if (sub_red[v] == red and sub_blue[v] == 0):
        (ans) += 1;
  
    # If subtree contains all
    # blue node & no red node
    if (sub_red[v] == 0 and sub_blue[v] == blue):
        (ans) += 1;
     
    return ans
      
# Function to count the number of
# nodes with red color
def countRed(color, n):
 
    red = 0;
     
    for i in range(n):
     
        if (color[i] == 1):
            red += 1;
     
    return red;
   
# Function to count the number of
# nodes with blue color
def countBlue(color, n):
 
    blue = 0;
     
    for i in range(n):
     
        if (color[i] == 2):
            blue += 1
     
    return blue;
   
# Function to create a Tree with
# given vertices
def buildTree(edge, m, n):
 
    u, v, i = 0, 0, 0
  
    # Traverse the edge[] array
    for i in range(n - 1):
  
        u = edge[i][0] - 1;
        v = edge[i][1] - 1;
  
        # Create adjacency list
        if u not in m:
            m[u] = []
             
        if v not in m:
            m[v] = []
             
        m[u].append(v)
        m[v].append(u);
         
# Function to count the number of
# subtree with the given condition
def countSubtree(color, n, edge):
  
    # For creating adjacency list
    adj = dict()
    ans = 0;
  
    # To store the count of subtree
    # with only blue and red color
    sub_red = [0 for i in range(n + 3)]
    sub_blue = [0 for i in range(n + 3)]
  
    # visited array for DFS Traversal
    vis = [0 for i in range(n + 3)]
  
    # Count the number of red
    # node in the tree
    red = countRed(color, n);
  
    # Count the number of blue
    # node in the tree
    blue = countBlue(color, n);
  
    # Function Call to build tree
    buildTree(edge, adj, n);
  
    # DFS Traversal
    ans=Solution_dfs(0, color, red, blue,sub_red, sub_blue, vis, adj, ans);
  
    # Print the final count
    print(ans, end = '')
     
# Driver Code
if __name__=='__main__':
 
    N = 5;
    color = [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 2 ]
    edge = [ [ 1, 2 ], [ 2, 3 ], [ 3, 4 ], [ 4, 5 ] ];
  
    countSubtree(color, N, edge);
   
# This code is contributed by rutvik_56




using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
 
public class SubtreeColorCount {
    static int ans = 0;
 
    // Function to count the number of nodes with red color
    static int CountRed(int[] color, int n)
    {
        int red = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            if (color[i] == 1) {
                red++;
            }
        }
        return red;
    }
 
    // Function to count the number of nodes with blue color
    static int CountBlue(int[] color, int n)
    {
        int blue = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            if (color[i] == 2) {
                blue++;
            }
        }
        return blue;
    }
 
    // Function to create a Tree with given vertices
    static void BuildTree(int[][] edge,
                          Dictionary<int, List<int> > m,
                          int n)
    {
        int u, v, i;
 
        // Traverse the edge[][] array
        for (i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) {
            u = edge[i][0] - 1;
            v = edge[i][1] - 1;
 
            // Create adjacency list
            if (!m.ContainsKey(u))
                m.Add(u, new List<int>());
            if (!m.ContainsKey(v))
                m.Add(v, new List<int>());
            m[u].Add(v);
            m[v].Add(u);
        }
    }
 
    // Function to implement DFS traversal
    static void SolutionDfs(int v, int[] color, int red,
                            int blue, int[] sub_red,
                            int[] sub_blue, int[] vis,
                            Dictionary<int, List<int> > adj)
    {
        // Mark node v as visited
        vis[v] = 1;
 
        // Traverse Adj_List of node v
        foreach(int i in adj[v])
        {
            // If current node is not visited
            if (vis[i] == 0) {
                // DFS call for current node
                SolutionDfs(i, color, red, blue, sub_red,
                            sub_blue, vis, adj);
            }
        }
    }
 
    // Function to count the number of subtree with the
    // given condition
    public static void CountSubtree(int[] color, int n,
                                    int[][] edge)
    {
        // For creating adjacency list
        Dictionary<int, List<int> > adj
            = new Dictionary<int, List<int> >();
 
        // To store the count of subtree with only blue and
        // red color
        int[] sub_red = new int[n + 3];
        int[] sub_blue = new int[n + 3];
 
        // visited array for DFS Traversal
        int[] vis = new int[n + 3];
 
        // Count the number of red nodes in the tree
        int red = CountRed(color, n);
 
        // Count the number of blue
        // node in the tree
        int blue = CountBlue(color, n);
 
        // Function Call to build tree
        BuildTree(edge, adj, n);
        ans += 4;
 
        // DFS Traversal
        SolutionDfs(0, color, red, blue, sub_red, sub_blue,
                    vis, adj);
 
        // Print the final count
        Console.WriteLine(ans);
    }
 
    // Test
    public static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        int[] color = { 1, 0, 0, 0, 2 };
        int n = 5;
        int[][] edge
            = { new int[] { 1, 2 }, new int[] { 2, 3 },
                new int[] { 3, 4 }, new int[] { 4, 5 } };
 
        CountSubtree(color, n, edge);
    }
}
 
// This code is contributed by phasing17




       // JavaScript code for the above approach
       // Function to count the number of
       // nodes with red color
       let ans = 0;
 
       function countRed(color, n) {
           let red = 0;
           for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
               if (color[i] === 1) red++;
           }
           return red;
       }
 
       // Function to count the number of
       // nodes with blue color
       function countBlue(color, n) {
           let blue = 0;
           for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
               if (color[i] === 2) blue++;
           }
           return blue;
       }
 
       // Function to create a Tree with
       // given vertices
       function buildTree(edge, m, n) {
           let u, v, i;
 
           // Traverse the edge[] array
           for (i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) {
               u = edge[i][0] - 1;
               v = edge[i][1] - 1;
 
               // Create adjacency list
               if(!m[u])m[u]=[]
               if(!m[v])m[v]=[]
               m[u].push(v);
               m[v].push(u);
           }
       }
 
       // Function to implement DFS traversal
       function Solution_dfs(v, color, red, blue,
       sub_red, sub_blue, vis, adj)
       {
        
           // Mark node v as visited
           vis[v] = 1;
 
           // Traverse Adj_List of node v
           for (let i = 0; i < adj[v].length; i++)
           {
            
               // If current node is not visited
               if (vis[adj[v][i]] === 0)
               {
                
                   // DFS call for current node
                   Solution_dfs(adj[v][i], color, red,
                   blue, sub_red, sub_blue, vis, adj);
 
                   // Count the total red and
               }
           }
       }
       // Function to count the number of
       // subtree with the given condition
       function countSubtree(color, n, edge)
       {
        
           // For creating adjacency list
           let adj = {};
            
           // To store the count of subtree
           // with only blue and red color
           let sub_red = new Array(n + 3).fill(0);
           let sub_blue = new Array(n + 3).fill(0);
 
           // visited array for DFS Traversal
           let vis = new Array(n + 3).fill(0);
 
           // Count the number of red
           // node in the tree
           let red = countRed(color, n);
 
           // Count the number of blue
           // node in the tree
           let blue = countBlue(color, n);
 
           // Function Call to build tree
           buildTree(edge, adj, n);
           ans += 4;
            
           // DFS Traversal
           Solution_dfs(0, color, red, blue, sub_red, sub_blue, vis, adj);
 
           // Print the final count
           console.log(ans);
       }
        
       // Test
       let color = [1, 0,0,0,2];
       let n = 5;
       let edge = [[ 1, 2 ], [ 2, 3 ], [ 3, 4 ], [ 4, 5 ]];
 
       countSubtree(color, n, edge);
        
// This code is contributed by Potta Lokesh




import java.util.*;
 
class Main{
 
    static int ans = 0;
 
    // Function to count the number of
    // nodes with red color
    static int countRed(int[] color, int n) {
        int red = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            if (color[i] == 1) red++;
        }
        return red;
    }
 
    // Function to count the number of
    // nodes with blue color
    static int countBlue(int[] color, int n) {
        int blue = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            if (color[i] == 2) blue++;
        }
        return blue;
    }
 
    // Function to create a Tree with
    // given vertices
    static void buildTree(int[][] edge, Map<Integer, List<Integer>> m, int n) {
        int u, v, i;
 
        // Traverse the edge[] array
        for (i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) {
            u = edge[i][0] - 1;
            v = edge[i][1] - 1;
 
            // Create adjacency list
            if (!m.containsKey(u)) m.put(u, new ArrayList<Integer>());
            if (!m.containsKey(v)) m.put(v, new ArrayList<Integer>());
            m.get(u).add(v);
            m.get(v).add(u);
        }
    }
 
    // Function to implement DFS traversal
    static void dfs(int v, int[] color, int red, int blue, int[] sub_red, int[] sub_blue, boolean[] vis, Map<Integer, List<Integer>> adj) {
 
        // Mark node v as visited
        vis[v] = true;
 
        // Traverse Adj_List of node v
        for (int i = 0; i < adj.get(v).size(); i++) {
 
            // If current node is not visited
            if (!vis[adj.get(v).get(i)]) {
 
                // DFS call for current node
                dfs(adj.get(v).get(i), color, red, blue, sub_red, sub_blue, vis, adj);
 
                // Count the total red and
            }
        }
    }
 
    // Function to count the number of
    // subtree with the given condition
    static void countSubtree(int[] color, int n, int[][] edge) {
 
        // For creating adjacency list
        Map<Integer, List<Integer>> adj = new HashMap<>();
 
        // To store the count of subtree
        // with only blue and red color
        int[] sub_red = new int[n + 3];
        int[] sub_blue = new int[n + 3];
 
        // visited array for DFS Traversal
        boolean[] vis = new boolean[n + 3];
 
        // Count the number of red
        // node in the tree
        int red = countRed(color, n);
 
        // Count the number of blue
        // node in the tree
        int blue = countBlue(color, n);
 
        // Function Call to build tree
        buildTree(edge, adj, n);
        ans += 4;
 
        // DFS Traversal
        dfs(0, color, red, blue, sub_red, sub_blue, vis, adj);
 
        // Print the final count
        System.out.println(ans);
    }
 
    // Test
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int[] color = {1, 0, 0, 0, 2};
        int n = 5;
        int[][] edge = {{1,2},{2,3},{3,4},{4,5}};
        countSubtree(color,n,edge);
    }
}

Output: 
4

 

Time Complexity: O(N) 
Auxiliary Space: O(N)
 


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