Count of intersections of M line segments with N vertical lines in XY plane

Given x coordinates of N vertical lines (parallel to Y-axis) and M line segments extending from (x1, y1) to (x2, y2), the task is to find the total number of intersections of the line segments with the vertical lines.

Examples:

Input: N = 2, M = 1, lines[] = {-1, 1}, Segments[][4] = {0, 1, 2, 1} 
Output: 1 
Explanation:
There is only one point of intersection (1, 1) 

Input: N = 4, M = 8, lines[] = {-5, -3, 2, 3}, segments[][4] = {{-2, 5, 5, -6}, {-5, -2, -3, -5}, {-2, 3, -6, 1}, {-1, -3, 4, 2}, { 2, 5, 2, 1}, { 4, 5, 4, -5}, {-2, -4, 5, 3}, { 1, 2, -2, 1}}; 
Output: 8 
Explanation:
There are total of 8 intersections. 
Dotted lines are the vertical lines. 
A green circle denote a single point of intersection and 
a green triangle denotes that two line segments 
intersect same vertical line at that point. 

Naive Approach:
The simplest approach is, for each query, check if a vertical line falls between the x-coordinates of the two points. Thus, each segment will have O(N) computational complexity. 

Time complexity: O(N * M)
Approach 2: The idea is to use Prefix Sum to solve this problem efficiently. Follow the steps below to solve the problem: 

• The first observation we can make is that the y-coordinates do not matter. Also, we can observe that just touching the vertical line does not count as an intersection.
• First, compute a prefix array of the number of occurrences of vertical lines till now and then just subtract the number of occurrences till x2-1 (we don’t consider x2 as it just qualifies as touch and not as an intersection) from the number of occurrences till x1. So for each segment, computational complexity reduces to O(1).

Below is the implementation of the above approach. 

C++

// C++ implementation for the
// above approach.
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

// Function to create prefix sum array
void createPrefixArray(int n, int arr[],
                       int prefSize,
                       int pref[])
{
    // Initialize the prefix array
    // to remove garbage values
    for (int i = 0; i < prefSize; i++) {
        pref[i] = 0;
    }

    // Marking the occurrences of
    // vertical lines
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        // x is the value after
        // Index mapping
        int x = arr[i] + 1000000;
        pref[x]++;
    }

    // Creating the prefix array
    for (int i = 1; i < prefSize; i++) {
        pref[i] += pref[i - 1];
    }
}

// Function returns the count of
// total intersection
int pointsOfIntersection(int m,
                         int segments[][4],
                         int size,
                         int pref[])
{

    // ans is the number of points of
    // intersection of the line segments
    // with the vertical lines
    int ans = 0;

    for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) {
        int x1 = segments[i][0];
        int x2 = segments[i][2];

        // Index mapping
        x1 = x1 + 1000000;
        x2 = x2 + 1000000;

        // We don't consider a vertical
        // line segment because even if
        // it falls on a vertical line
        // then it just touches it and
        // not intersects.
        if (x1 != x2) {
            // We have assumed that x1
            // will be left and x2 right
            // but if not then we just
            // swap them
            if (x1 > x2) {
                swap(x1, x2);
            }

            int Occ_Till_Right = pref[x2 - 1];
            int Occ_Till_Left = pref[x1];

            ans = ans + (Occ_Till_Right
                         - Occ_Till_Left);
        }
    }
    return ans;
}

int main()
{

    // N is the number of vertical lines
    // M is the number of line segments
    int N = 4;
    int M = 8;

    int size = 2000000 + 2;
    int pref[size];

    int lines[N] = { -5, -3, 2, 3 };

    // Format : x1, y1, x2, y1
    int segments[M][4] = { { -2, 5, 5, -6 },
                           { -5, -2, -3, -5 },
                           { -2, 3, -6, 1 },
                           { -1, -3, 4, 2 },
                           { 2, 5, 2, 1 },
                           { 4, 5, 4, -5 },
                           { -2, -4, 5, 3 },
                           { 1, 2, -2, 1 } };

    // First create the prefix array
    createPrefixArray(N, lines, size, pref);

    // Print the total number of intersections
    cout << pointsOfIntersection(M, segments,
                                 size, pref)
         << endl;

    return 0;
}

Java

// Java implementation for the
// above approach.
import java.util.*;

class GFG{

// Function to create prefix sum array
static void createPrefixArray(int n, int arr[],
                              int prefSize,
                              int pref[])
{

    // Initialize the prefix array
    // to remove garbage values
    for(int i = 0; i < prefSize; i++)
    {
        pref[i] = 0;
    }

    // Marking the occurrences of
    // vertical lines
    for(int i = 0; i < n; i++)
    {

        // x is the value after
        // Index mapping
        int x = arr[i] + 1000000;
        pref[x]++;
    }

    // Creating the prefix array
    for(int i = 1; i < prefSize; i++)
    {
        pref[i] += pref[i - 1];
    }
}

// Function returns the count of
// total intersection
static int pointsOfIntersection(int m,
                                int segments[][],
                                int size,
                                int pref[])
{

    // ans is the number of points of
    // intersection of the line segments
    // with the vertical lines
    int ans = 0;

    for(int i = 0; i < m; i++)
    {
        int x1 = segments[i][0];
        int x2 = segments[i][2];

        // Index mapping
        x1 = x1 + 1000000;
        x2 = x2 + 1000000;

        // We don't consider a vertical
        // line segment because even if
        // it falls on a vertical line
        // then it just touches it and
        // not intersects.
        if (x1 != x2)
        {

            // We have assumed that x1
            // will be left and x2 right
            // but if not then we just
            // swap them
            if (x1 > x2)
            {
                int temp = x1;
                x1 = x2;
                x2 = temp;
            }

            int Occ_Till_Right = pref[x2 - 1];
            int Occ_Till_Left = pref[x1];

            ans = ans + (Occ_Till_Right -
                         Occ_Till_Left);
        }
    }
    return ans;
}

// Driver code
public static void main(String[] args)
{

    // N is the number of vertical lines
    // M is the number of line segments
    int N = 4;
    int M = 8;

    int size = 2000000 + 2;
    int []pref = new int[size];

    int lines[] = { -5, -3, 2, 3 };

    // Format : x1, y1, x2, y1
    int segments[][] = { { -2, 5, 5, -6 },
                         { -5, -2, -3, -5 },
                         { -2, 3, -6, 1 },
                         { -1, -3, 4, 2 },
                         { 2, 5, 2, 1 },
                         { 4, 5, 4, -5 },
                         { -2, -4, 5, 3 },
                         { 1, 2, -2, 1 } };

    // First create the prefix array
    createPrefixArray(N, lines, size, pref);

    // Print the total number of intersections
    System.out.print(pointsOfIntersection(M, segments,
                                  size, pref) + "\n");
}
}

// This code is contributed by Amit Katiyar

Python3

# Python3 implementation for the
# above approach

# Function to create prefix sum array
def createPrefixArray(n, arr, prefSize, pref):

    # Initialize the prefix array
    # to remove garbage values
    for i in range(prefSize):
        pref[i] = 0

    # Marking the occurrences
    # of vertical lines
    for i in range(n):
        x = arr[i] + 1000000
        pref[x] += 1

    # Creating the prefix array
    for i in range(1, prefSize):
        pref[i] += pref[i - 1]

# Function that returns the count
# of total intersection
def pointOfIntersection(m, segments, size, pref):

    # ans is the number of points of
    # intersection of the line segments
    # with the vertical lines
    ans = 0

    for i in range(m):
        x1 = segments[i][0]
        x2 = segments[i][2]

        # Index mapping
        x1 = x1 + 1000000
        x2 = x2 + 1000000

        # we don't consider a vertical
        # line segment because even if
        # it falls on a vertical line
        # then it just touches it and
        # not intersects.
        if (x1 != x2):

            # We have assumed that x1
            # will be left and x2 right
            # but if not then just swap
            if (x1 > x2):
                x1, x2 = x2, x1

            Occ_Till_Right = pref[x2 - 1]
            Occ_Till_Left = pref[x1]

            ans += (Occ_Till_Right - Occ_Till_Left)

    return ans

# Driver code

# Number of vertical lines
N = 4

# Number of line segments
M = 8

size = 2000000 + 2
pref = [0] * size
lines = [ -5, -3, 2, 3 ]

# Format : x1, y1, x2, y2
segments = [ [ -2, 5, 5, -6 ],
             [ -5, -2, -3, -5 ],
             [ -2, 3, -6, 1 ],
             [ -1, -3, 4, 2 ],
             [ 2, 5, 2, 1 ],
             [ 4, 5, 4, -5 ],
             [ -2, -4, 5, 3 ],
             [ 1, 2, -2, 1 ] ]

# First create the prefix array
createPrefixArray(N, lines, size, pref)

# Print the total number of intersections
print(pointOfIntersection(M, segments, size, pref))

# This code is contributed by himanshu77

C#

// C# implementation for the
// above approach.
using System;

class GFG{

// Function to create prefix sum array
static void createPrefixArray(int n, int []arr,
                              int prefSize,
                              int []pref)
{

    // Initialize the prefix array
    // to remove garbage values
    for(int i = 0; i < prefSize; i++)
    {
        pref[i] = 0;
    }

    // Marking the occurrences of
    // vertical lines
    for(int i = 0; i < n; i++)
    {

        // x is the value after
        // Index mapping
        int x = arr[i] + 1000000;
        pref[x]++;
    }

    // Creating the prefix array
    for(int i = 1; i < prefSize; i++)
    {
        pref[i] += pref[i - 1];
    }
}

// Function returns the count of
// total intersection
static int pointsOfIntersection(int m,
                                int [,]segments,
                                int size,
                                int []pref)
{

    // ans is the number of points of
    // intersection of the line segments
    // with the vertical lines
    int ans = 0;

    for(int i = 0; i < m; i++)
    {
        int x1 = segments[i, 0];
        int x2 = segments[i, 2];

        // Index mapping
        x1 = x1 + 1000000;
        x2 = x2 + 1000000;

        // We don't consider a vertical
        // line segment because even if
        // it falls on a vertical line
        // then it just touches it and
        // not intersects.
        if (x1 != x2)
        {

            // We have assumed that x1
            // will be left and x2 right
            // but if not then we just
            // swap them
            if (x1 > x2)
            {
                int temp = x1;
                x1 = x2;
                x2 = temp;
            }

            int Occ_Till_Right = pref[x2 - 1];
            int Occ_Till_Left = pref[x1];

            ans = ans + (Occ_Till_Right -
                         Occ_Till_Left);
        }
    }
    return ans;
}

// Driver code
public static void Main(String[] args)
{

    // N is the number of vertical lines
    // M is the number of line segments
    int N = 4;
    int M = 8;

    int size = 2000000 + 2;
    int []pref = new int[size];

    int []lines = { -5, -3, 2, 3 };

    // Format : x1, y1, x2, y1
    int [,]segments = { { -2, 5, 5, -6 },
                        { -5, -2, -3, -5 },
                        { -2, 3, -6, 1 },
                        { -1, -3, 4, 2 },
                        { 2, 5, 2, 1 },
                        { 4, 5, 4, -5 },
                        { -2, -4, 5, 3 },
                        { 1, 2, -2, 1 } };

    // First create the prefix array
    createPrefixArray(N, lines, size, pref);

    // Print the total number of intersections
    Console.Write(pointsOfIntersection(M, segments,
                                size, pref) + "\n");
}
}

// This code is contributed by Amit Katiyar

Javascript

<script>

// JavaScript implementation of the
// above approach

// Function to create prefix sum array
function createPrefixArray(n, arr, prefSize, pref)
{

    // Initialize the prefix array
    // to remove garbage values
    for(let i = 0; i < prefSize; i++)
    {
        pref[i] = 0;
    }

    // Marking the occurrences of
    // vertical lines
    for(let i = 0; i < n; i++)
    {

        // x is the value after
        // Index mapping
        let x = arr[i] + 1000000;
        pref[x]++;
    }

    // Creating the prefix array
    for(let i = 1; i < prefSize; i++)
    {
        pref[i] += pref[i - 1];
    }
}

// Function returns the count of
// total intersection
function pointsOfIntersection(m, segments,
                              size, pref)
{

    // ans is the number of points of
    // intersection of the line segments
    // with the vertical lines
    let ans = 0;

    for(let i = 0; i < m; i++)
    {
        let x1 = segments[i][0];
        let x2 = segments[i][2];

        // Index mapping
        x1 = x1 + 1000000;
        x2 = x2 + 1000000;

        // We don't consider a vertical
        // line segment because even if
        // it falls on a vertical line
        // then it just touches it and
        // not intersects.
        if (x1 != x2)
        {

            // We have assumed that x1
            // will be left and x2 right
            // but if not then we just
            // swap them
            if (x1 > x2)
            {
                let temp = x1;
                x1 = x2;
                x2 = temp;
            }

            let Occ_Till_Right = pref[x2 - 1];
            let Occ_Till_Left = pref[x1];

            ans = ans + (Occ_Till_Right -
                         Occ_Till_Left);
        }
    }
    return ans;
}

// Driver Code

// N is the number of vertical lines
// M is the number of line segments
let N = 4;
let M = 8;

let size = 2000000 + 2;
let pref = Array.from({length: size}, (_, i) => 0);
let lines = [ -5, -3, 2, 3 ];

// Format : x1, y1, x2, y1
let segments = [ [ -2, 5, 5, -6 ],
                 [ -5, -2, -3, -5 ],
                 [ -2, 3, -6, 1 ],
                 [ -1, -3, 4, 2 ],
                 [ 2, 5, 2, 1 ],
                 [ 4, 5, 4, -5 ],
                 [ -2, -4, 5, 3 ],
                 [ 1, 2, -2, 1 ] ];

// First create the prefix array
createPrefixArray(N, lines, size, pref);

// Print the total number of intersections
document.write(pointsOfIntersection(M, segments,
                                   size, pref) + "\n");

// This code is contributed by sanjoy_62

</script>

Output:

8

Approach 3: To optimize the above approach, we can adopt a space efficient method using Map Data structure. Follow the steps below to solve the problem:

• We can make a map which stores the number of occurrences till now, just with the difference from the first approach is that we insert only the co-ordinates that have the vertical lines.
• When we want to search the number of intersections from x1 to x2, we can just subtract lower_bound(x1+1) from upper_bound(x2-1) of the map.

Below is the implementation of the above approach.  

C++

// C++ implementation for the
// above approach.
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

// Function to create map that stores
// the number of occurrences of the
// vertical lines till now.
map<int, int> createMap(int n,
                        int arr[])
{
    map<int, int> mp;

    sort(arr, arr + n);
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        mp.insert({ arr[i], i + 1 });
    }
    return mp;
}

// Function returns the count of
// total intersections
int pointsOfIntersection(int m,
                         int segments[][4],
                         int n,
                         map<int, int> pref)
{
    // ans stores the number
    // of intersections
    int ans = 0;

    // Loop over all the segments
    for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) {
        int x1 = segments[i][0];
        int x2 = segments[i][2];
        if (x1 == x2) {
            continue;
        }

        // For convenience we make x1 as
        // x co-ordinate of left point
        // and x2 as x co-ordinate of
        // right point.
        if (x1 > x2) {
            swap(x1, x2);
        }

        auto it1 = *pref.lower_bound(x1 + 1);
        auto it2 = *pref.upper_bound(x2 - 1);

        int intersections = 0;

        // If x co-ordinate of the left point
        // is after the last vertical line
        // then we dont add anything.
        if (pref.lower_bound(x1 + 1)
            == pref.end()) {
            intersections = 0;
        }
        // If there is no occurrence of any
        // vertical line after (x2-1)
        // then we can mark the
        // number of intersections as
        // n - occurrences till x1
        // because the total occurrences
        // are n and all of them
        // will fall before x2.
        else if (pref.upper_bound(x2 - 1)
                 == pref.end()) {
            intersections
                = n - it1.second + 1;
        }
        else {
            intersections
                = it2.second
                  - it1.second;
        }
        ans += intersections;
    }
    return ans;
}

// Driver code
int main()
{
    // N is the number of vertical lines
    // M is the number of line segments
    int N = 4;
    int M = 8;

    int lines[N] = { -5, -3, 2, 3 };

    // Format : x1, y1, x2, y1
    int segments[M][4]
        = { { -2, 5, 5, -6 },
            { -5, -2, -3, -5 },
            { -2, 3, -6, 1 },
            { -1, -3, 4, 2 },
            { 2, 5, 2, 1 },
            { 4, 5, 4, -5 },
            { -2, -4, 5, 3 },
            { 1, 2, -2, 1 } };

    map<int, int> pref = createMap(N, lines);

    cout << pointsOfIntersection(
                M,
                segments,
                N, pref)
         << endl;
    return 0;
}

Java

// Java implementation for the
// above approach.
import java.util.*;

public class Main {
    private static TreeMap<Integer, Integer>
    createMap(int n, int[] arr)
    {
        // Function to create map that stores
        // the number of occurrences of the
        // vertical lines till now.

        TreeMap<Integer, Integer> pref = new TreeMap<>();
        Arrays.sort(arr); // sort the array
        int count = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            pref.put(arr[i], ++count); // populate the map
        }
        return pref;
    }

    // Function returns the count of
    // total intersections

    private static int
    pointsOfIntersection(int m, int[][] segments, int n,
                         TreeMap<Integer, Integer> pref)
    {

        // ans stores the number
        // of intersections
        int ans = 0;

        // Loop over all the segments
        for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) {
            int x1 = segments[i][0];
            int x2 = segments[i][2];
            if (x1 == x2) {
                continue;
            }

            // For convenience we make x1 as
            // x co-ordinate of left point
            // and x2 as x co-ordinate of
            // right point.
            if (x1 > x2) {
                int temp = x1;
                x1 = x2;
                x2 = temp;
            }

            Map.Entry<Integer, Integer> it1
                = pref.ceilingEntry(x1 + 1);
            Map.Entry<Integer, Integer> it2
                = pref.floorEntry(x2 - 1);

            int intersections = 0;

            // If x co-ordinate of the left point
            // is after the last vertical line
            // then we dont add anything.
            if (it1 == null) {
                intersections = 0;
            }

            // If there is no occurrence of any
            // vertical line after (x2-1)
            // then we can mark the
            // number of intersections as
            // n - occurrences till x1
            // because the total occurrences
            // are n and all of them
            // will fall before x2
            else if (it2 == null) {
                intersections = n - it1.getValue() + 1;
            }
            else {
                intersections
                    = it2.getValue() - it1.getValue() + 1;
            }
            ans += intersections;
        }
        return ans;
    }

    // Driver code
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {

        // N is the number of vertical lines
        // M is the number of line segments
        int N = 4;
        int M = 8;

        int[] lines = { -5, -3, 2, 3 };

        // Format : x1, y1, x2, y1
        int[][] segments
            = { { -2, 5, 5, -6 }, { -5, -2, -3, -5 },
                { -2, 3, -6, 1 }, { -1, -3, 4, 2 },
                { 2, 5, 2, 1 },   { 4, 5, 4, -5 },
                { -2, -4, 5, 3 }, { 1, 2, -2, 1 } };

        TreeMap<Integer, Integer> pref
            = createMap(N, lines);

        System.out.println(
            pointsOfIntersection(M, segments, N, pref));
    }
}

Python3

from typing import List, Tuple
from bisect import bisect_left, bisect_right

# Function to create map that stores
# the number of occurrences of the
# vertical lines till now.
def createMap(n: int, arr: List[int]) -> dict:
    mp = {}
    arr.sort()
    for i in range(n):
        mp[arr[i]] = i + 1
    return mp

# Function returns the count of
# total intersections
def pointsOfIntersection(m: int, segments: List[Tuple[int, int, int, int]], n: int, pref: dict) -> int:
    # ans stores the number
    # of intersections
    ans = 0

    # Loop over all the segments
    for i in range(m):
        x1, _, x2, _ = segments[i]
        if x1 == x2:
            continue

        # For convenience we make x1 as
        # x co-ordinate of left point
        # and x2 as x co-ordinate of
        # right point.
        if x1 > x2:
            x1, x2 = x2, x1

        it1 = bisect_left(list(pref.keys()), x1 + 1)
        it2 = bisect_right(list(pref.keys()), x2 - 1)

        intersections = 0

        # If x co-ordinate of the left point
        # is after the last vertical line
        # then we dont add anything.
        if it1 == len(pref):
            intersections = 0
        # If there is no occurrence of any
        # vertical line after (x2-1)
        # then we can mark the
        # number of intersections as
        # n - occurrences till x1
        # because the total occurrences
        # are n and all of them
        # will fall before x2.
        elif it2 == len(pref):
            intersections = n - pref[list(pref.keys())[it1]] + 1
        else:
            intersections = pref[list(pref.keys())[it2]] - pref[list(pref.keys())[it1]]

        ans += intersections
    return ans

# Driver code
if __name__ == "__main__":
    # N is the number of vertical lines
    # M is the number of line segments
    N = 4
    M = 8

    lines = [-5, -3, 2, 3]

    # Format : x1, y1, x2, y1
    segments = [(-2, 5, 5, -6),
                (-5, -2, -3, -5),
                (-2, 3, -6, 1),
                (-1, -3, 4, 2),
                (2, 5, 2, 1),
                (4, 5, 4, -5),
                (-2, -4, 5, 3),
                (1, 2, -2, 1)]

    pref = createMap(N, lines)

    print(pointsOfIntersection(M, segments, N, pref))

C#

// C# Approach for the above problem
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;

public class Program{
      // function to create map that stores the number of occurrences
      // of the vertical lines till now.
    static SortedDictionary<int, int> createMap(int n, int[] arr){
        SortedDictionary<int, int> pref = new SortedDictionary<int, int>();
        Array.Sort(arr); // sort the array
        int count = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++){
            pref[arr[i]] = ++count; // populate the map
        }
        return pref;
    }

      // function to count the total intersection
    static int pointsOfIntersection(int m, int[,] segments, int n, SortedDictionary<int, int> pref){

        // ans stores the number of intersections
        int ans = 0;

        // Loop over all the segments
        for (int i = 0; i < m; i++){
            int x1 = segments[i,0];
            int x2 = segments[i,2];
            if (x1 == x2){
                continue;
            }
            // For convenience we make x1 as
            // x co-ordinate of left point
            // and x2 as x co-ordinate of
            // right point.
            if (x1 > x2){
                int temp = x1;
                x1 = x2;
                x2 = temp;
            }

            var it1 = pref.FirstOrDefault(x => x.Key >= x1 + 1);
            var it2 = pref.LastOrDefault(x => x.Key <= x2 - 1);

            int intersections = 0;
            // If x co-ordinate of the left point
            // is after the last vertical line
            // then we dont add anything.
            if (it1.Key == 0 && it1.Value == 0){
                intersections = 0;
            }

            // If there is no occurrence of any
            // vertical line after (x2-1)
            // then we can mark the
            // number of intersections as
            // n - occurrences till x1
            // because the total occurrences
            // are n and all of them
            // will fall before x2
            else if (it2.Key == 0 && it2.Value == 0){
                intersections = n - it1.Value + 1;
            }
            else{
                intersections = it2.Value - it1.Value + 1;
            }
            ans += intersections;
        }
        return ans;
    }

    // Driver code
    public static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        // N is the number of vertical lines
        // M is the number of line segments
        int N = 4;
        int M = 8;

        int[] lines = { -5, -3, 2, 3 };

        // Format : x1, y1, x2, y1
        int[,] segments
            = { { -2, 5, 5, -6 }, { -5, -2, -3, -5 },
                { -2, 3, -6, 1 }, { -1, -3, 4, 2 },
                { 2, 5, 2, 1 },   { 4, 5, 4, -5 },
                { -2, -4, 5, 3 }, { 1, 2, -2, 1 } };

        SortedDictionary<int,int> pref=createMap(N , lines);

        Console.WriteLine(pointsOfIntersection(M ,segments ,N ,pref));
    }
}

Javascript

// javascript implementation for the
// above approach.

// Function to create map that stores
// the number of occurrences of the
// vertical lines till now.
function createMap(n, arr)
{
    let mp = new Set();
    arr.sort();

    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        mp.add([arr[i], i+1].join(" "));
    }

    let res = [];
    for(let i of mp){
        let x = i.split(" ");
        res.push([parseInt(x[0]), parseInt(x[1])]);
    }
    res.sort(function(a,b){
        if(a[0] == b[0]) return a[1] - b[1];
        return a[0] - b[0];
    });
    return res;
}

function lower_bound(pref, x){
    let l = 0;
    let h = pref.length - 1;

    while(l <= h){
        let m = Math.floor((l + h) /2);

        if(pref[m][0] < x){
            l = m + 1;
        }
        else if(pref[m][0] == x){
            return m;
        }
        else{
            h = m - 1;
        }
    }

    return l;
}

function upper_bound(pref, x){
    let l = 0;
    let h = pref.length - 1;

    while(l <= h){
        let m = Math.floor((l + h)/2);

        if(pref[m][0] <= x){
            l = m + 1;
        }
        else{
            h = m - 1;
        }
    }

    return l;
}

// Function returns the count of
// total intersections
function pointsOfIntersection(m, segments, n, pref)
{
    // ans stores the number
    // of intersections
    let ans = 0;

    // Loop over all the segments
    for (let i = 0; i < m; i++) {
        let x1 = segments[i][0];
        let x2 = segments[i][2];
        if (x1 == x2) {
            continue;
        }

        // For convenience we make x1 as
        // x co-ordinate of left point
        // and x2 as x co-ordinate of
        // right point.
        if (x1 > x2) {
            let temp = x1;
            x1 = x2;
            x2 = temp;
        }

        let it1 = lower_bound(pref, x1 + 1);
        let it2 = upper_bound(pref, x2 - 1);

        let intersections = 0;

        // If x co-ordinate of the left point
        // is after the last vertical line
        // then we dont add anything.
        if(it1 == pref.length){
            intersections = 0;
        }
        // If there is no occurrence of any
        // vertical line after (x2-1)
        // then we can mark the
        // number of intersections as
        // n - occurrences till x1
        // because the total occurrences
        // are n and all of them
        // will fall before x2.
        else if(it2 == pref.length){
            intersections = n - pref[it1][1] + 1;
        }
        else {
            intersections = pref[it2][1] - pref[it1][1];
        }
        ans += intersections;
    }
    return ans;
}

// Driver code
// N is the number of vertical lines
// M is the number of line segments
let N = 4;
let M = 8;

let lines = [ -5, -3, 2, 3 ];

// Format : x1, y1, x2, y1
let segments
    = [[ -2, 5, 5, -6 ],
        [ -5, -2, -3, -5 ],
        [ -2, 3, -6, 1 ],
        [ -1, -3, 4, 2 ],
        [ 2, 5, 2, 1 ],
        [ 4, 5, 4, -5 ],
        [ -2, -4, 5, 3 ],
        [ 1, 2, -2, 1 ] ];

let pref = createMap(N, lines);

console.log(pointsOfIntersection(M, segments, N, pref) + 1);

// The code is contributed by Nidhi goel.

Output:

8