Count distinct substrings of a string using Rabin Karp algorithm

Difficulty Level : Medium
Last Updated : 13 May, 2021

Given a string, count the number of distinct substrings using Rabin Karp Algorithm.

Examples:

Input  : str = “aba”
Output : 5
Explanation :
Total number of distinct substring are 5 - "a", "ab", "aba", "b" ,"ba" 

Input  : str = “abcd”
Output : 10
Explanation :
Total number of distinct substring are 10 - "a", "ab", "abc", "abcd", "b", "bc", "bcd", "c", "cd", "d"

Approach:

Prerequisite: Rabin-Karp Algorithm for Pattern Searching

Calculate the current hash value of the current character and store
in a dictionary/map to avoid repetition.

To compute the hash (rolling hash) as done in Rabin-Karp algorithm follow:

The hash function suggested by Rabin and Karp calculates an integer value. The integer value for a string is numeric value of a string. For example, if all possible characters are from 1 to 10, the numeric value of “122” will be 122. The number of possible characters is higher than 10 (256 in general) and pattern length can be large. So the numeric values cannot be practically stored as an integer. Therefore, the numeric value is calculated using modular arithmetic to make sure that the hash values can be stored in an integer variable (can fit in memory words). To do rehashing, we need to take off the most significant digit and add the new least significant digit for in hash value. Rehashing is done using the following formula.

hash( txt[s+1 .. s+m] ) = ( d ( hash( txt[s .. s+m-1]) – txt[s]*h ) + txt[s + m] ) mod q

hash( txt[s .. s+m-1] ) : Hash value at shift s.
hash( txt[s+1 .. s+m] ) : Hash value at next shift (or shift s+1)
d: Number of characters in the alphabet
q: A prime number
h: d^(m-1)

The idea is similar as we evaluate a mathematical expression. For example, we have a string of “1234” let we compute the value of the substring “12” is 12 and we want to compute the value of the substring “123” this can be calculated as ((12)*10+3)=123, similar logic is applied here.

Python3

# importing libraries
import sys
import math as mt
t = 1
# store prime to reduce overflow
mod = 9007199254740881
 
for ___ in range(t):
 
    # string to check number of distinct substring
    s = 'abcd'
 
    # to store substrings
    l = []
 
    # to store hash values by Rabin Karp algorithm
    d = {}
 
    for i in range(len(s)):
        suma = 0
        pre = 0
 
        # Number of input alphabets
        D = 256
 
        for j in range(i, len(s)):
 
            # calculate new hash value by adding next element
            pre = (pre*D+ord(s[j])) % mod
 
            # store string length if non repeat
            if d.get(pre, -1) == -1:
                l.append([i, j])
            d[pre] = 1
 
    # resulting length
    print(len(l))
 
    # resulting distinct substrings
    for i in range(len(l)):
        print(s[l[i][0]:l[i][1]+1], end=" ")

Output

10
a ab abc abcd b bc bcd c cd d

Time Complexity: O(N²), N is the length of string

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