Count of array elements which is smaller than both its adjacent elements

Given an array arr[] of size N, the task is to find the number of valley points in the array.

Valley Point: Any elements of the array is known as a valley point if it is smaller than both its adjacent elements, i.e. .

Examples:

Input: arr[] = {3, 2, 5} 
Output: 1 
Explanation:
There is only one valley point. That is arr[1].

Input: arr[] = {5, 4, 8, 3, 6} 
Output: 2 
Explanation:
There are two valley points. That is arr[1] and arr[3]. 

Approach: The idea is to iterate over the array from 1 to and for each element check for that element is a valley point or not if yes, then increment the count of the valley point by 1.

if (arr[i-1] > arr[i] < arr[i])
     count += 1;

Below is the implementation of the above approach:

C++

// C++ program to count the number
// of valley points in the array
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

// Function to count the valley points
// in the given character array
int countValleys(int n, int arr[])
{
    int count = 0, temp = 0;

    // Loop to iterate over the
    // elements of the given array
    for(int i = 1; i < n - 1; i++)
    {

       // Condition to check if the given
       // element is a valley point
       if (arr[i - 1] > arr[i] &&
           arr[i] < arr[i + 1])
       {
           count++;
       }
    }
    return count;
}

// Driver Code
int main()
{
    int arr[] = { 3, 2, 5 };
    int n = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]);

    cout << countValleys(n, arr);
}

// This code is contributed by Surendra_Gangwar

Java

// Java program to count the number
// of valley points in the array

import java.io.*;

class GFG {

    // Function to count the valley points
    // in the given character array
    static int countValleys(int n, int arr[])
    {
        int count = 0, temp = 0;

        // Loop to iterate over the elements
        // of the given array
        for (int i = 1; i < n - 1; i++) {

            // Condition to check if the given
            // element is a valley point
            if (arr[i - 1] > arr[i]
                && arr[i] < arr[i + 1]) {
                count++;
            }
        }
        return count;
    }

    // Driver Code
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        int arr[] = { 3, 2, 5 };
        int n = arr.length;
        System.out.println(
            countValleys(n, arr));
    }
}

Python3

# Python3 program to count the number
# of valley points in the array

# Function to count the valley points
# in the given character array
def countValleys(n, arr):

    count = 0; temp = 0;

    # Loop to iterate over the
    # elements of the given array
    for i in range(1, n):

        # Condition to check if the given
        # element is a valley point
        if (arr[i - 1] > arr[i] and
            arr[i] < arr[i + 1]):

            count += 1;

    return count;

# Driver Code
arr = [ 3, 2, 5 ];
n = len(arr);

print(countValleys(n, arr));

# This code is contributed by Code_Mech

C#

// C# program to count the number
// of valley points in the array
using System;
class GFG{

// Function to count the valley points
// in the given character array
static int countValleys(int n, int []arr)
{
    int count = 0;

    // Loop to iterate over the elements
    // of the given array
    for (int i = 1; i < n - 1; i++)
    {

        // Condition to check if the given
        // element is a valley point
        if (arr[i - 1] > arr[i] &&
            arr[i] < arr[i + 1])
        {
            count++;
        }
    }
    return count;
}

// Driver Code
public static void Main()
{
    int []arr = { 3, 2, 5 };
    int n = arr.Length;
    Console.Write(countValleys(n, arr));
}
}

// This code is contributed by Code_Mech

Javascript

<script>

// Javascript program to count the number
// of valley points in the array

// Function to count the valley points
// in the given character array
function countValleys(n, arr)
{
    let count = 0, temp = 0;

    // Loop to iterate over the
    // elements of the given array
    for(let i = 1; i < n - 1; i++)
    {

       // Condition to check if the given
       // element is a valley point
       if (arr[i - 1] > arr[i] &&
           arr[i] < arr[i + 1])
       {
           count++;
       }
    }
    return count;
}

// Driver Code
let arr = [ 3, 2, 5 ];
let n = arr.length;

document.write(countValleys(n, arr));

// This code is contributed by rishavmahato348

</script>

Output:

1

Time Complexity: O(n)

Auxiliary Space: O(1)