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Count numbers having 0 as a digit

Problem: Count how many integers from 1 to N contains 0 as a digit.
Examples: 
 

Input:  n = 9
Output: 0
Input: n = 107
Output: 17
The numbers having 0 are 10, 20,..90, 100, 101..107
Input: n = 155
Output: 24
The numbers having 0 are 10, 20,..90, 100, 101..110,
120, ..150.

A naive solution is discussed in previous post
In this post an optimized solution is discussed. Let’s analyze the problem closely.
Let the given number has d digits .
The required answer can be computed  by computing the following two values: 
 

  1. Count of 0 digit integers having maximum of d-1 digits.
  2. Count of 0 digit integers having exactly d digits (less than/ equal to the given number of course!)

Therefore, the solution would be the sum of above two.
The first part has already been discussed here.
How to find the second part? 
We can find the total number of integers having d digits (less than equal to given number), which don’t contain any zero.
To find this we traverse the number, one digit at a time.
We find count of non-negative integers as follows: 
 

  1. If the number at that place is zero, decrement counter by 1 and break (because we can’t move any further, decrement to assure that the number itself contains a zero)
  2. else , multiply the (number-1), with power(9, number of digits to the right to it)

Let’s illustrate with an example. 
 

Let the number be n = 123. non_zero = 0
We encounter 1 first,
add (1-1)*92  to non_zero (= 0+0)
We encounter 2,
add (2-1)*91 to non_zero (= 0+9 = 9)
We encounter 3,
add (3-1)*90 to non_zero (=9+3 = 12)

We can observe that non_zero denotes the number of integer consisting of 3 digits (not greater than 123) and don’t contain any zero. i.e., (111, 112, ….., 119, 121, 122, 123) (It is recommended to verify it once)
Now, one may ask what’s the point of calculating the count of numbers which don’t have any zeroes?
Correct! we’re interested to find the count of integers which have zero.
However, we can now easily find that by subtracting non_zero from n after ignoring the most significant place.i.e., In our previous example zero = 23 – non_zero = 23-12 =11 and finally we add the two parts to arrive at the required result!!
Below is implementation of above idea. 
 




//Modified C++ program to count number from 1 to n with
// 0 as a digit.
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
 
// Returns count of integers having zero upto given digits
int zeroUpto(int digits)
{
    // Refer below article for details
    int first = (pow(10,digits)-1)/9;
    int second = (pow(9,digits)-1)/8;
    return 9 * (first - second);
}
 
// utility function to convert character representation
// to integer
int toInt(char c)
{
    return int(c)-48;
}
 
// counts numbers having zero as digits upto a given
// number 'num'
int countZero(string num)
{
    // k denoted the number of digits in the number
    int k = num.length();
 
    // Calculating the total number having zeros,
    // which upto k-1 digits
    int total = zeroUpto(k-1);
 
    // Now let us calculate the numbers which don't have
    // any zeros. In that k digits upto the given number
    int non_zero = 0;
    for (int i=0; i<num.length(); i++)
    {
        // If the number itself contains a zero then
        // decrement the counter
        if (num[i] == '0')
        {
            non_zero--;
            break;
        }
 
        // Adding the number of non zero numbers that
        // can be formed
        non_zero += (toInt(num[i])-1) * (pow(9,k-1-i));
    }
 
    int no = 0, remaining = 0,calculatedUpto=0;
 
    // Calculate the number and the remaining after
    // ignoring the most significant digit
    for (int i=0; i<num.length(); i++)
    {
        no = no*10 + (toInt(num[i]));
        if (i != 0)
            calculatedUpto = calculatedUpto*10 + 9;
    }
    remaining = no-calculatedUpto;
 
    // Final answer is calculated
    // It is calculated by subtracting 9....9 (d-1) times
    // from no.
    int ans = zeroUpto(k-1) + (remaining-non_zero-1);
    return ans;
}
 
// Driver program to test the above functions
int main()
{
    string num = "107";
    cout << "Count of numbers from 1" << " to "
         << num << " is " << countZero(num) << endl;
 
    num = "1264";
    cout << "Count of numbers from 1" << " to "
         << num << " is " <<countZero(num) << endl;
 
    return 0;
}




//Modified Java program to count number from 1 to n with
// 0 as a digit.
 
public class GFG {
 
 
// Returns count of integers having zero upto given digits
static int zeroUpto(int digits)
{
    // Refer below article for details
    int first = (int) ((Math.pow(10,digits)-1)/9);
    int second = (int) ((Math.pow(9,digits)-1)/8);
    return 9 * (first - second);
}
  
// utility function to convert character representation
// to integer
static int toInt(char c)
{
    return (int)(c)-48;
}
  
// counts numbers having zero as digits upto a given
// number 'num'
static int countZero(String num)
{
    // k denoted the number of digits in the number
    int k = num.length();
  
    // Calculating the total number having zeros,
    // which upto k-1 digits
    int total = zeroUpto(k-1);
  
    // Now let us calculate the numbers which don't have
    // any zeros. In that k digits upto the given number
    int non_zero = 0;
    for (int i=0; i<num.length(); i++)
    {
        // If the number itself contains a zero then
        // decrement the counter
        if (num.charAt(i) == '0')
        {
            non_zero--;
            break;
        }
  
        // Adding the number of non zero numbers that
        // can be formed
        non_zero += (toInt(num.charAt(i))-1) * (Math.pow(9,k-1-i));
    }
  
    int no = 0, remaining = 0,calculatedUpto=0;
  
    // Calculate the number and the remaining after
    // ignoring the most significant digit
    for (int i=0; i<num.length(); i++)
    {
        no = no*10 + (toInt(num.charAt(i)));
        if (i != 0)
            calculatedUpto = calculatedUpto*10 + 9;
    }
    remaining = no-calculatedUpto;
  
    // Final answer is calculated
    // It is calculated by subtracting 9....9 (d-1) times
    // from no.
    int ans = zeroUpto(k-1) + (remaining-non_zero-1);
    return ans;
}
  
// Driver program to test the above functions
 
    static public void main(String[] args) {
        String num = "107";
    System.out.println("Count of numbers from 1" + " to "
         + num + " is " + countZero(num));
  
    num = "1264";
    System.out.println("Count of numbers from 1" + " to "
         + num + " is " +countZero(num));
    }
}
 
// This code is contributed by 29AjayKumar




# Python3 program to count number from 1 to n
# with 0 as a digit.
 
# Returns count of integers having zero
# upto given digits
def zeroUpto(digits):
     
    first = int((pow(10, digits) - 1) / 9);
    second = int((pow(9, digits) - 1) / 8);
    return 9 * (first - second);
 
# counts numbers having zero as digits
# upto a given number 'num'
def countZero(num):
     
    # k denoted the number of digits
    # in the number
    k = len(num);
 
    # Calculating the total number having 
    # zeros, which upto k-1 digits
    total = zeroUpto(k - 1);
 
    # Now let us calculate the numbers which
    # don't have any zeros. In that k digits
    # upto the given number
    non_zero = 0;
    for i in range(len(num)):
         
        # If the number itself contains a zero 
        # then decrement the counter
        if (num[i] == '0'):
            non_zero -= 1;
            break;
 
        # Adding the number of non zero numbers 
        # that can be formed
        non_zero += (((ord(num[i]) - ord('0')) - 1) *
                                (pow(9, k - 1 - i)));
 
    no = 0;
    remaining = 0;
    calculatedUpto = 0;
 
    # Calculate the number and the remaining
    # after ignoring the most significant digit
    for i in range(len(num)):
        no = no * 10 + (ord(num[i]) - ord('0'));
        if (i != 0):
            calculatedUpto = calculatedUpto * 10 + 9;
     
    remaining = no - calculatedUpto;
 
    # Final answer is calculated. It is calculated 
    # by subtracting 9....9 (d-1) times from no.
    ans = zeroUpto(k - 1) + (remaining - non_zero - 1);
    return ans;
 
# Driver Code
num = "107";
print("Count of numbers from 1 to",
        num, "is", countZero(num));
 
num = "1264";
print("Count of numbers from 1 to",
       num, "is", countZero(num));
 
# This code is contributed by mits




// Modified C# program to count number from 1 to n with
// 0 as a digit. 
 
using System;
public class GFG{
 
// Returns count of integers having zero upto given digits
static int zeroUpto(int digits)
{
    // Refer below article for details
    int first = (int) ((Math.Pow(10,digits)-1)/9);
    int second = (int) ((Math.Pow(9,digits)-1)/8);
    return 9 * (first - second);
}
 
// utility function to convert character representation
// to integer
static int toInt(char c)
{
    return (int)(c)-48;
}
 
// counts numbers having zero as digits upto a given
// number 'num'
static int countZero(String num)
{
    // k denoted the number of digits in the number
    int k = num.Length;
 
    // Calculating the total number having zeros,
    // which upto k-1 digits
    int total = zeroUpto(k-1);
 
    // Now let us calculate the numbers which don't have
    // any zeros. In that k digits upto the given number
    int non_zero = 0;
    for (int i=0; i<num.Length; i++)
    {
        // If the number itself contains a zero then
        // decrement the counter
        if (num[i] == '0')
        {
            non_zero--;
            break;
        }
 
        // Adding the number of non zero numbers that
        // can be formed
        non_zero += (toInt(num[i])-1) * (int)(Math.Pow(9,k-1-i));
    }
 
    int no = 0, remaining = 0,calculatedUpto=0;
 
    // Calculate the number and the remaining after
    // ignoring the most significant digit
    for (int i=0; i<num.Length; i++)
    {
        no = no*10 + (toInt(num[i]));
        if (i != 0)
            calculatedUpto = calculatedUpto*10 + 9;
    }
    remaining = no-calculatedUpto;
 
    // Final answer is calculated
    // It is calculated by subtracting 9....9 (d-1) times
    // from no.
    int ans = zeroUpto(k-1) + (remaining-non_zero-1);
    return ans;
}
 
// Driver program to test the above functions
 
    static public void Main() {
        String num = "107";
    Console.WriteLine("Count of numbers from 1" + " to "
        + num + " is " + countZero(num));
 
    num = "1264";
    Console.WriteLine("Count of numbers from 1" + " to "
        + num + " is " +countZero(num));
    }
}
 
// This code is contributed by 29AjayKumar




<script>
 
// Modified javascript program to count number from 1 to n with
// 0 as a digit.
 
// Returns count of integers having zero upto given digits
function zeroUpto(digits)
{
 
    // Refer below article for details
    var first = parseInt( ((Math.pow(10,digits)-1)/9));
    var second = parseInt( ((Math.pow(9,digits)-1)/8));
    return 9 * (first - second);
}
  
// utility function to convert character representation
// to integer
function toInt(c)
{
    return parseInt((c.charCodeAt(0))-48);
}
  
// counts numbers having zero as digits upto a given
// number 'num'
function countZero(num)
{
    // k denoted the number of digits in the number
    var k = num.length;
  
    // Calculating the total number having zeros,
    // which upto k-1 digits
    var total = zeroUpto(k-1);
  
    // Now let us calculate the numbers which don't have
    // any zeros. In that k digits upto the given number
    var non_zero = 0;
    for (i=0; i<num.length; i++)
    {
        // If the number itself contains a zero then
        // decrement the counter
        if (num.charAt(i) == '0')
        {
            non_zero--;
            break;
        }
  
        // Adding the number of non zero numbers that
        // can be formed
        non_zero += (toInt(num.charAt(i))-1) * (Math.pow(9,k-1-i));
    }
  
    var no = 0, remaining = 0,calculatedUpto=0;
  
    // Calculate the number and the remaining after
    // ignoring the most significant digit
    for (i=0; i<num.length; i++)
    {
        no = no*10 + (toInt(num.charAt(i)));
        if (i != 0)
            calculatedUpto = calculatedUpto*10 + 9;
    }
    remaining = no-calculatedUpto;
  
    // Final answer is calculated
    // It is calculated by subtracting 9....9 (d-1) times
    // from no.
    var ans = zeroUpto(k-1) + (remaining-non_zero-1);
    return ans;
}
  
// Driver program to test the above functions
var num = "107";
document.write("Count of numbers from 1" + " to "
     + num + " is " + countZero(num));
 
var num = "1264";
document.write("<br>Count of numbers from 1" + " to "
     + num + " is " +countZero(num));
 
// This code is contributed by shikhasingrajput
</script>




<?php
// PHP program to count
// number from 1 to n
// with 0 as a digit.
 
// Returns count of integers
// having zero upto given digits
function zeroUpto($digits)
{
     
    $first = (int)((pow(10,
                    $digits) - 1) / 9);
    $second = (int)((pow(9,
                    $digits) - 1) / 8);
    return 9 * ($first - $second);
}
 
 
// counts numbers having
// zero as digits upto a
// given number 'num'
function countZero($num)
{
    // k denoted the number
    // of digits in the number
    $k = strlen($num);
 
    // Calculating the total
    // number having zeros,
    // which upto k-1 digits
    $total = zeroUpto($k-1);
 
    // Now let us calculate
    // the numbers which don't
    // have any zeros. In that
    // k digits upto the given
    // number
    $non_zero = 0;
    for ($i = 0;
         $i < strlen($num); $i++)
    {
        // If the number itself
        // contains a zero then
        // decrement the counter
        if ($num[$i] == '0')
        {
            $non_zero--;
            break;
        }
 
        // Adding the number of
        // non zero numbers that
        // can be formed
        $non_zero += (($num[$i] - '0') - 1) *
                      (pow(9, $k - 1 - $i));
    }
 
    $no = 0;
    $remaining = 0;
    $calculatedUpto = 0;
 
    // Calculate the number
    // and the remaining after
    // ignoring the most
    // significant digit
    for ($i = 0;
         $i < strlen($num); $i++)
    {
        $no = $no * 10 + ($num[$i] - '0');
        if ($i != 0)
            $calculatedUpto = $calculatedUpto *
                                        10 + 9;
    }
     
    $remaining = $no - $calculatedUpto;
 
    // Final answer is calculated
    // It is calculated by subtracting
    // 9....9 (d-1) times from no.
    $ans = zeroUpto($k - 1) +
                   ($remaining -
                    $non_zero - 1);
    return $ans;
}
 
// Driver Code
$num = "107";
echo "Count of numbers from 1 to " .
                     $num . " is " .
             countZero($num) . "\n";
 
$num = "1264";
echo "Count of numbers from 1 to " .
                     $num . " is " .
                    countZero($num);
 
// This code is contributed
// by mits
?>

Output: 
 

Count of numbers from 1 to 107 is 17 
Count of numbers from 1 to 1264 is 315

Complexity Analysis:
Time Complexity : O(d), where d is no. of digits i.e., O(log(n) 
Auxiliary Space : O(1)
 

 

Approach#2: Using for loop

This code defines a function count_zeros_brute_force that takes an integer n as input and counts the number of integers from 1 to n that have the digit 0. The function simply iterates over all integers from 1 to n and checks if the string representation of each integer contains the character ‘0’. If it does, the count is incremented.The code then calls the function count_zeros_brute_force twice with different values of n and prints the results.

Algorithm

1. Initialize a counter variable to 0.
2. Traverse from 1 to n and for each number check if it has 0 in it.
3. If the number has 0, increment the counter variable.
4. Return the counter variable as the output.




#include <string> // for string data type
#include <iostream>
 
int count_zeros_brute_force(int n) {
    int count = 0; // initialize count variable to 0
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { // loop through numbers 1 to n (inclusive)
        if (std::to_string(i).find('0') != std::string::npos) {
            // convert i to string and check if it contains '0'
            count++; // increment count if '0' is found in i
        }
    }
    return count; // return the final count
}
 
int main() {
    int n = 107;
    std::cout << count_zeros_brute_force(n) << std::endl; // output: 17
     
    n = 1264;
    std::cout << count_zeros_brute_force(n) << std::endl; // output: 315
    return 0;
}




public class CountZeros {
    // Function to count the number of integers from 1 to n (inclusive) that contain the digit '0'
    static int countZerosBruteForce(int n) {
        int count = 0; // Initialize a count variable to 0
        for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { // Loop through numbers from 1 to n (inclusive)
            if (String.valueOf(i).contains("0")) {
                // Convert i to a string and check if it contains the character '0'
                count++; // Increment count if '0' is found in i
            }
        }
        return count; // Return the final count
    }
 
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int n = 107;
        System.out.println(countZerosBruteForce(n)); // Output: 17
 
        n = 1264;
        System.out.println(countZerosBruteForce(n)); // Output: 315
    }
}




def count_zeros_brute_force(n):
    count = 0
    for i in range(1, n+1):
        if '0' in str(i):
            count += 1
    return count
 
n=107
print(count_zeros_brute_force(n))
n=1264
print(count_zeros_brute_force(n))




using System;
 
class Program
{
    // Function to count the number of zeros in numbers from 1 to n (inclusive)
    static int CountZerosBruteForce(int n)
    {
        int count = 0; // Initialize count variable to 0
 
        // Loop through numbers 1 to n (inclusive)
        for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
        {
            // Convert i to string and check if it contains '0'
            if (i.ToString().Contains('0'))
            {
                count++; // Increment count if '0' is found in i
            }
        }
 
        return count; // Return the final count
    }
 
    static void Main()
    {
        int n = 107;
        Console.WriteLine(CountZerosBruteForce(n)); // Output: 17
 
        n = 1264;
        Console.WriteLine(CountZerosBruteForce(n)); // Output: 315
    }
}
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
       




function countZerosBruteForce(n) {
    let count = 0;
    for (let i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
        if (i.toString().includes('0')) {
            // convert i to string and check if it includes '0'
            count++;
        }
    }
    return count;
}
 
let n = 107;
console.log(countZerosBruteForce(n)); // output: 17
 
n = 1264;
console.log(countZerosBruteForce(n)); // output: 315

Output
17
315





Time Complexity: O(nlogn) for converting integer to string.
Space Complexity: O(1) 


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