Convert decimal fraction to binary number

Given an fraction decimal number n and integer k, convert decimal number n into equivalent binary number up-to k precision after decimal point.
Examples:

Input: n = 2.47, k = 5
Output: 10.01111

Input: n = 6.986 k = 8
Output: 110.11111100
We strongly recommend that you click here and practice it, before moving on to the solution.

A) Convert the integral part of decimal to binary equivalent

  1. Divide the decimal number by 2 and store remainders in array.
  2. Divide the quotient by 2.
  3. Repeat step 2 until we get the quotient equal to zero.
  4. Equivalent binary number would be reverse of all remainders of step 1.

B) Convert the fractional part of decimal to binary equivalent



  1. Multiply the fractional decimal number by 2.
  2. Integral part of resultant decimal number will be first digit of fraction binary number.
  3. Repeat step 1 using only fractional part of decimal number and then step 2.

C) Combine both integral and fractional part of binary number.

Illustration

Let's take an example for n = 4.47 k = 3

Step 1: Conversion of 4 to binary
1. 4/2 : Remainder = 0 : Quotient = 2
2. 2/2 : Remainder = 0 : Quotient = 1
3. 1/2 : Remainder = 1 : Quotient = 0

So equivalent binary of integral part of decimal is 100.

Step 2: Conversion of .47 to binary
1. 0.47 * 2 = 0.94, Integral part: 0
2. 0.94 * 2 = 1.88, Integral part: 1
3. 0.88 * 2 = 1.76, Integral part: 1

So equivalent binary of fractional part of decimal is .011

Step 3: Combined the result of step 1 and 2.

Final answer can be written as:
100 + .011 = 100.011

Program to demonstrate above steps:

C++

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// C++ program to convert fractional decimal
// to binary number
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
  
// Function to convert decimal to binary upto
// k-precision after decimal point
string decimalToBinary(double num, int k_prec)
{
    string binary = "";
  
    // Fetch the integral part of decimal number
    int Integral = num;
  
    // Fetch the fractional part decimal number
    double fractional = num - Integral;
  
    // Conversion of integral part to
    // binary equivalent
    while (Integral)
    {
        int rem = Integral % 2;
  
        // Append 0 in binary
        binary.push_back(rem +'0');
  
        Integral /= 2;
    }
  
    // Reverse string to get original binary
    // equivalent
    reverse(binary.begin(),binary.end());
  
    // Append point before conversion of
    // fractional part
    binary.push_back('.');
  
    // Conversion of fractional part to
    // binary equivalent
    while (k_prec--)
    {
        // Find next bit in fraction
        fractional *= 2;
        int fract_bit = fractional;
  
        if (fract_bit == 1)
        {
            fractional -= fract_bit;
            binary.push_back(1 + '0');
        }
        else
            binary.push_back(0 + '0');
    }
  
    return binary;
}
  
// Driver code
int main()
{
  
    double n = 4.47;
    int k = 3;
    cout << decimalToBinary(n, k) << "\n";
  
    n = 6.986 , k = 5;
    cout << decimalToBinary(n, k);
    return 0;
}

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Java














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// Java program to convert fractional decimal 


// to binary number 


import java.util.*; 


  


class GFG  


{ 


  


    // Function to convert decimal to binary upto 


    // k-precision after decimal point 


    static String decimalToBinary(double num, int k_prec) 


    { 


        String binary = ""; 


  


        // Fetch the integral part of decimal number 


        int Integral = (int) num; 


  


        // Fetch the fractional part decimal number 


        double fractional = num - Integral; 


  


        // Conversion of integral part to 


        // binary equivalent 


        while (Integral > 0)  


        { 


            int rem = Integral % 2; 


  


            // Append 0 in binary 


            binary += ((char)(rem + '0')); 


  


            Integral /= 2; 


        } 


  


        // Reverse string to get original binary 


        // equivalent 


        binary = reverse(binary); 


  


        // Append point before conversion of 


        // fractional part 


        binary += ('.'); 


  


        // Conversion of fractional part to 


        // binary equivalent 


        while (k_prec-- > 0) 


        { 


            // Find next bit in fraction 


            fractional *= 2; 


            int fract_bit = (int) fractional; 


  


            if (fract_bit == 1) 


            { 


                fractional -= fract_bit; 


                binary += (char)(1 + '0'); 


            } 


            else


            { 


                binary += (char)(0 + '0'); 


            } 


        } 


  


        return binary; 


    } 


  


    static String reverse(String input)  


    { 


        char[] temparray = input.toCharArray(); 


        int left, right = 0; 


        right = temparray.length - 1; 


  


        for (left = 0; left < right; left++, right--)  


        { 


            // Swap values of left and right  


            char temp = temparray[left]; 


            temparray[left] = temparray[right]; 


            temparray[right] = temp; 


        } 


        return String.valueOf(temparray); 


    } 


  


    // Driver code 


    public static void main(String[] args)  


    { 


        double n = 4.47; 


        int k = 3; 


        System.out.println(decimalToBinary(n, k)); 


  


        n = 6.986; 


        k = 5; 


        System.out.println(decimalToBinary(n, k)); 


    } 


} 


  


// This code contributed by Rajput-Ji 



















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# Python3 program to convert fractional  


# decimal to binary number  


  


# Function to convert decimal to binary  


# upto k-precision after decimal point  


def decimalToBinary(num, k_prec) : 


  


    binary = ""  


  


    # Fetch the integral part of 


    # decimal number  


    Integral = int(num)  


  


    # Fetch the fractional part  


    # decimal number  


    fractional = num - Integral 


  


    # Conversion of integral part to  


    # binary equivalent  


    while (Integral) : 


          


        rem = Integral % 2


  


        # Append 0 in binary  


        binary += str(rem);  


  


        Integral //= 2


      


    # Reverse string to get original 


    # binary equivalent  


    binary = binary[ : : -1]  


  


    # Append point before conversion  


    # of fractional part  


    binary += '.'


  


    # Conversion of fractional part 


    # to binary equivalent  


    while (k_prec) : 


          


        # Find next bit in fraction  


        fractional *= 2


        fract_bit = int(fractional)  


  


        if (fract_bit == 1) : 


              


            fractional -= fract_bit  


            binary += '1'


              


        else : 


            binary += '0'


  


        k_prec -= 1


  


    return binary  


  


# Driver code  


if __name__ == "__main__" : 


      


    n = 4.47


    k = 3


    print(decimalToBinary(n, k)) 


  


    n = 6.986


    k = 5


    print(decimalToBinary(n, k)) 


  


# This code is contributed by Ryuga 



















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// C# program to convert fractional decimal 


// to binary number 


using System; 


  


class GFG  


{ 


   


    // Function to convert decimal to binary upto 


    // k-precision after decimal point 


    static String decimalToBinary(double num, int k_prec) 


    { 


        String binary = ""; 


   


        // Fetch the integral part of decimal number 


        int Integral = (int) num; 


   


        // Fetch the fractional part decimal number 


        double fractional = num - Integral; 


   


        // Conversion of integral part to 


        // binary equivalent 


        while (Integral > 0)  


        { 


            int rem = Integral % 2; 


   


            // Append 0 in binary 


            binary += ((char)(rem + '0')); 


   


            Integral /= 2; 


        } 


   


        // Reverse string to get original binary 


        // equivalent 


        binary = reverse(binary); 


   


        // Append point before conversion of 


        // fractional part 


        binary += ('.'); 


   


        // Conversion of fractional part to 


        // binary equivalent 


        while (k_prec-- > 0) 


        { 


            // Find next bit in fraction 


            fractional *= 2; 


            int fract_bit = (int) fractional; 


   


            if (fract_bit == 1) 


            { 


                fractional -= fract_bit; 


                binary += (char)(1 + '0'); 


            } 


            else


            { 


                binary += (char)(0 + '0'); 


            } 


        } 


   


        return binary; 


    } 


   


    static String reverse(String input)  


    { 


        char[] temparray = input.ToCharArray(); 


        int left, right = 0; 


        right = temparray.Length - 1; 


   


        for (left = 0; left < right; left++, right--)  


        { 


            // Swap values of left and right  


            char temp = temparray[left]; 


            temparray[left] = temparray[right]; 


            temparray[right] = temp; 


        } 


        return String.Join("",temparray); 


    } 


   


    // Driver code 


    public static void Main(String[] args)  


    { 


        double n = 4.47; 


        int k = 3; 


        Console.WriteLine(decimalToBinary(n, k)); 


   


        n = 6.986; 


        k = 5; 


        Console.WriteLine(decimalToBinary(n, k)); 


    } 


} 


  


// This code has been contributed by 29AjayKumar 



















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<?php 


// PHP program to convert fractional decimal 


// to binary number 


  


// Function to convert decimal to binary upto 


// k-precision after decimal point 


function decimalToBinary($num, $k_prec) 


{ 


    $binary = ""; 


  


    // Fetch the integral part of decimal number 


    $Integral = (int)($num); 


  


    // Fetch the fractional part decimal number 


    $fractional = $num - $Integral; 


  


    // Conversion of integral part to 


    // binary equivalent 


    while ($Integral) 


    { 


        $rem = $Integral % 2; 


  


        // Append 0 in binary 


        $binary.=chr($rem + 48 ); 


  


        $Integral = (int)($Integral/2); 


    } 


  


    // Reverse string to get original binary 


    // equivalent 


    $binary=strrev($binary); 


  


    // Append point before conversion of 


    // fractional part 


    $binary.='.'; 


  


    // Conversion of fractional part to 


    // binary equivalent 


    while ($k_prec--) 


    { 


        // Find next bit in fraction 


        $fractional *= 2; 


        $fract_bit = (int)$fractional; 


  


        if ($fract_bit == 1) 


        { 


            $fractional -= $fract_bit; 


            $binary.=chr(1 + 48 ); 


        } 


        else


            $binary.=chr(0 + 48 ); 


    } 


  


    return $binary; 


} 


  


// Driver code 


  


    $n = 4.47; 


    $k = 3; 


    echo decimalToBinary($n, $k)."\n"; 


  


    $n = 6.986; 


    $k = 5; 


    echo decimalToBinary($n, $k); 


      


// This code is contributed by mits 


?> 



















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Output:


100.011
110.11111



Time complexity: O(len(n))

Auxiliary space: O(len(n))

where len() is the total digits contain in number n.


Convert Binary fraction to Decimal


Reference:

http://cs.furman.edu/digitaldomain/more/ch6/dec_frac_to_bin.htm

http://www.cquestions.com/2011/07/c-program-for-fractional-decimal-to.html


This article is contributed by  Shubham Bansal. If you like GeeksforGeeks and would like to contribute, you can also write an article using contribute.geeksforgeeks.org or mail your article to contribute@geeksforgeeks.org. See your article appearing on the GeeksforGeeks main page and help other Geeks.


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