Construct DFA which interpreted as binary number is divisible by 2, 3, 4

Prerequisite: Finite Automata Introduction, Designing Finite Automata

Problem-1: Construct DFA, which accepts set of all strings over {0, 1} which interpreted as a binary number is divisible by 2. 

Explanation: Consider the following inputs,

{0, 01, 10, 11, 100, 101, 110........}

The state transition diagram of the language will be like this: 

In this DFA there are two states q0 and q1 and the input is strings of {0, 1} which is interpreted as binary number. The state q0 is final state and q1 is the non-final state. State q0 will be representing all the numbers that are divisible by 2, that is {0, 10, 100, 110…..}. State q1 will be representing all the numbers that are not divisible by 2, that is {01, 11, 101, ……}. 

Python3

def stateq0(n):
    #if length found 0
    #print not accepted
    if (len(n)==0):
        print("string accepted")
    else:

        #if at index 0
        #'0' found call
        #function stateq0
        if(n[0]=='0'):
            stateq0(n[1:])

        #else if '1' found
        #call function q1.
        elif (n[0]=='1'):
            stateq1(n[1:])

def stateq1(n):
    #if length found 0
    #print not accepted
    if (len(n)==0):
        print("string not accepted")
    else:

        #if at index 0
        #'0' found call
        #function stateq0
        if(n[0]=='0'):
            stateq0(n[1:])

        #else if '1' found
        #call function q1.
        elif (n[0]=='1'):
            stateq1(n[1:])


#take number from user
n=int(input())
#converting number to binary
n = bin(n).replace("0b", "")

#call stateA
#to check the input
stateq0(n)

INPUT: 5
OUTPUT: String Not Accepted

The above automata will accept set of all strings over {0, 1} which when interpreted as binary number is divisible by 2. Whenever the number is not divisible by 2 then it will go from state q0 to q1. When the number is divisible by 2, then it will go from state q1 to q0 or if it was initially in q0 then it will accept it.

Problem-2: Construct DFA, which accepts set of all strings over {0, 1} which interpreted as binary number is divisible by 3. 

Explanation: Refer for solution: Binary string multiple of 3 using DFA. 

Problem-3: Construct DFA, which accepts set of all strings over {0, 1} which interpreted as binary number is divisible by 4. 

Explanation: Consider the following inputs,

{0, 01, 10, 11, 100, 101, 110........}

The state transition diagram of the language will be like: 

Explanation: In this DFA there are three states q0, q1, q2, q3 and the input is strings of {0, 1} which is interpreted as binary number. The state q0 is final state and q1, q2, q3 are non-final state.

• State q0 will be representing all the numbers that are divisible by 4, that is {0, 100, 1000…..}.
• State q1 will be representing all the numbers that are not divisible by 4 and give remainder 1 when divided by 4, that is {01, 101,,……}.
• State q2 will be representing all the numbers that are not divisible by 4 and give remainder 2 when divided by 4, that is {10, 110, ……}.
• State q4 will be representing all the numbers that are not divisible by 4 and give remainder 3 when divided by 4, that is {11, 111, ……}.

The above automata will accept set of all strings over {0, 1} which when interpreted as binary number is divisible by 4.

• State Whenever the number is not divisible by 4 and gives remainder of 1 then it will go to state q1.
• State Whenever the number is not divisible by 4 and gives remainder of 2 then it will go to state q2.
• State Whenever the number is not divisible by 4 and gives remainder of 3 then it will go to state q3.
• State Whenever the number is divisible by 4, then it will go to state q0 or if it was initially in q0 then it will accept it.

Python3

def stateq0(n):
    #if length found 0
    #print not accepted
    if (len(n)==0):
        print("string accepted")
    else:

        #if at index 0
        #'0' found call
        #function stateq0
        if(n[0]=='0'):
            stateq0(n[1:])

        #else if '1' found
        #call function q1.
        elif (n[0]=='1'):
            stateq1(n[1:])

def stateq1(n):
    #if length found 0
    #print not accepted
    if (len(n)==0):
        print("string not accepted")
    else:

        #if at index 0
        #'0' found call
        #function stateq2
        if(n[0]=='0'):
            stateq2(n[1:])

        #else if '1' found
        #call function q3.
        elif (n[0]=='1'):
            stateq3(n[1:])

def stateq2(n):
    #if length found 0
    #print not accepted
    if (len(n)==0):
        print("string not accepted")
    else:

        #if at index 0
        #'0' found call
        #function stateq0
        if(n[0]=='0'):
            stateq0(n[1:])

        #else if '1' found
        #call function q1.
        elif (n[0]=='1'):
            stateq1(n[1:])

def stateq3(n):
    #if length found 0
    #print not accepted
    if (len(n)==0):
        print("string not accepted")
    else:

        #if at index 0
        #'0' found call
        #function stateq2
        if(n[0]=='0'):
            stateq2(n[1:])

        #else if '1' found
        #call function q3.
        elif (n[0]=='1'):
            stateq3(n[1:])



#take number from user
n=int(input())
#converting number to binary
n = bin(n).replace("0b", "")

#call stateA
#to check the input
stateq0(n)