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Construct a Turing machine for L = {aibjck | i < j < k or i > j > k}

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Prerequisite – Turing Machine
The language L = {aibjck | i < j < k or i > j > k} is same as the union of two languages L1={aibjck | i < j < k } and L2={aibjck | i > j > k }
In this language, every string of ‘a’, ‘b’ and ‘c’ have certain number of a’s, then certain number of b’s and then certain number of c’s.

    The condition is either

  • Count of 1st symbols should be atleast 1. ‘b’ and ‘c’ can have thereafter be as many but count of a is less than count of ‘b’ and count of ‘b’ is less than count of ‘c’.
  • The count of 3rd symbols should be atleast 1. ‘a’ and ‘b’ can have thereafter be as many but count of c is less than count of ‘b’ and count of ‘b’ is less than count of ‘a’
  • Assume that string is ending with ‘$’.

      Examples:

      Input: a a a b b c  
             Here a = 3, b = 2, c = 1
      Output: ACCEPTED
                
      Input: a b b c c c
             Here a = 1, b = 2, c = 3 
      Output: ACCEPTED
      
      Input: a a b b c c c
             Here a = 2, b = 2, c = 3 but |a|>|b|>|c| or |a|<|b|<|c|
      Output: NOT ACCEPTED 

      Tape Representation:

      Approach:

      1. Comparing two elements by making two element as a single element.
      2. After that the elements which are treated as single element are compared again .
      3. If |First| is greater than |(Second, Third)| and |Second| greater than |Third|, then it is accepted.
      4. If |Third| is greater than |(First, Second)| and |First| greater than |Second|, then it is accepted.
      5. Else it is not accepted.

      Steps:

      • Step-1: Convert A into X and move right and goto step 2.If Y is found ignore it and move right to step-5.
      • Step-2: Keep ignoring A and Y and move towards right. Convert D into Y and move right and goto step-3.
      • Step-3: Keep ignoring D and Z and move towards right.If C is found make it Z and move left to step 4.If B is found ignore it and move left and goto step-8.
      • Step-4: Keep ignoring Z, A, Y and D and move towards left.If X is found ignore it and move right and goto step-1.
      • Step-5: Keep ignoring Y and move towards right. Ignore Z move left and goto step-11.If D is found make it Y and move right to step-6.
      • Step-6: Keep ignoring D and Z and move towards right.Convert C into Z and move left and goto step-7.
      • Step-7: Keep ignoring D and Z and move towards left.If Y is found ignore it and move right and goto step-5.
      • Step-8: Keep ignoring D, Y and A and move towards left. Ignore X move right and goto step-9.
      • Step-9: Convert A into X and move right and goto step-10.
      • Step-10: Keep ignoring Y and A and move towards right.If B is found ignore it and move left and goto step-11.If D make it Y and move right and goto step-8.
      • Step-11: Stop the Machine (String is accepted)

      State transition diagram :

      Here, Q0 shows the initial state and Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, Q5, Q6, Q8, Q9, Q10 shows the transition state and Q7 and Q11 shows the final state. A, C, D are the variables used and R, L shows right and left.

      Explanation:

      • Using Q0, when A is found make it X and go to right and to state Q1.And, when Y is found ignore it and go to right and to state Q4
      • On the state Q1, ignore all A and Y and goto right.If D found make it Y and goto right into next state Q2.
      • In Q2, ignore all D, Z and move right.If B found ignore it, move left and goto the state Q4, If C found make it Z move left and to Q3.
      • In Q3 state, ignore all Z, D, Y, A and move left.If X found ignore it move right to Q0.
      • In Q4, ignore all Y and move right.If Z found ignore it move left to state Q6.If D is found make it Y and move to right to Q5.
      • In Q5 state, ignore all D, Z and move right.If C found make it Z move left to state Q6
      • In Q6, ignore all D, Z and move left.If Y found ignore it and move right to state Q4.
      • If Q7 state is reached it will produced the result of acceptance of string.
      • In Q8, ignore all A, Y, D and move left.If X found ignore it move right to state Q9.
      • In Q9 state, if A found make it X move right to state Q10
      • In Q10, ignore all A, Y and move right.If D found make it Y and move right to state Q8.If B is found ignore it and move left to Q11
      • If Q11 state is reached it will produced the result of acceptance of string.

      Note: For comparison of |A|, |D|, |C|, the concept of Turing Machine as Comparator is used


      Last Updated : 26 Aug, 2021
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