Construct Binary Tree from given Parent Array representation
Given an array that represents a tree in such a way that array indexes are values in tree nodes and array values give the parent node of that particular index (or node). The value of the root node index would always be -1 as there is no parent for root. Construct the standard linked representation of given Binary Tree from this given representation.
Examples:
Input: parent[] = {1, 5, 5, 2, 2, -1, 3}
Output: root of below tree
5
/ \
1 2
/ / \
0 3 4
/
6
Explanation:
Index of -1 is 5. So 5 is root.
5 is present at indexes 1 and 2. So 1 and 2 are
children of 5.
1 is present at index 0, so 0 is child of 1.
2 is present at indexes 3 and 4. So 3 and 4 are
children of 2.
3 is present at index 6, so 6 is child of 3.
Input: parent[] = {-1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 3, 5};
Output: root of below tree
0
/ \
1 2
/ \
3 4
/
5
/
6
Expected time complexity is O(n) where n is number of elements in given array.
We strongly recommend to minimize your browser and try this yourself first.
A Simple Solution to recursively construct by first searching the current root, then recurring for the found indexes (there can be at most two indexes) and making them left and right subtrees of root. This solution takes O(n2) as we have to linearly search for every node.
An Efficient Solution can solve the above problem in O(n) time. The idea is to use extra space. An array created[0..n-1] is used to keep track of created nodes.
createTree(parent[], n)
- Create an array of pointers say created[0..n-1]. The value of created[i] is NULL if node for index i is not created, else value is pointer to the created node.
- Do following for every index i of given array
createNode(parent, i, created)
createNode(parent[], i, crated[])
- If created[i] is not NULL, then node is already created. So return.
- Create a new node with value ‘i’.
- If parent[i] is -1 (i is root), make created node as root and return.
- Check if parent of ‘i’ is created (We can check this by checking if created[parent[i]] is NULL or not.
- If parent is not created, recur for parent and create the parent first.
- Let the pointer to parent be p. If p->left is NULL, then make the new node as left child. Else make the new node as right child of parent.
Following is C++ implementation of above idea.
C++
// C++ program to construct a Binary Tree from parent array #include<bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; // A tree node struct Node { int key; struct Node *left, *right; }; // Utility function to create new Node Node *newNode(int key) { Node *temp = new Node; temp->key = key; temp->left = temp->right = NULL; return (temp); } // Creates a node with key as 'i'. If i is root, then it changes // root. If parent of i is not created, then it creates parent first void createNode(int parent[], int i, Node *created[], Node **root) { // If this node is already created if (created[i] != NULL) return; // Create a new node and set created[i] created[i] = newNode(i); // If 'i' is root, change root pointer and return if (parent[i] == -1) { *root = created[i]; return; } // If parent is not created, then create parent first if (created[parent[i]] == NULL) createNode(parent, parent[i], created, root); // Find parent pointer Node *p = created[parent[i]]; // If this is first child of parent if (p->left == NULL) p->left = created[i]; else // If second child p->right = created[i]; } // Creates tree from parent[0..n-1] and returns root of the created tree Node *createTree(int parent[], int n) { // Create an array created[] to keep track // of created nodes, initialize all entries // as NULL Node *created[n]; for (int i=0; i<n; i++) created[i] = NULL; Node *root = NULL; for (int i=0; i<n; i++) createNode(parent, i, created, &root); return root; } //For adding new line in a program inline void newLine(){ cout << "\n"; } // Utility function to do inorder traversal void inorder(Node *root) { if (root != NULL) { inorder(root->left); cout << root->key << " "; inorder(root->right); } } // Driver method int main() { int parent[] = {-1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 3, 5}; int n = sizeof parent / sizeof parent[0]; Node *root = createTree(parent, n); cout << "Inorder Traversal of constructed tree\n"; inorder(root); newLine(); } |
Java
// Java program to construct a binary tree from parent array // A binary tree node class Node { int key; Node left, right; public Node(int key) { this.key = key; left = right = null; } } class BinaryTree { Node root; // Creates a node with key as 'i'. If i is root, then it changes // root. If parent of i is not created, then it creates parent first void createNode(int parent[], int i, Node created[]) { // If this node is already created if (created[i] != null) return; // Create a new node and set created[i] created[i] = new Node(i); // If 'i' is root, change root pointer and return if (parent[i] == -1) { root = created[i]; return; } // If parent is not created, then create parent first if (created[parent[i]] == null) createNode(parent, parent[i], created); // Find parent pointer Node p = created[parent[i]]; // If this is first child of parent if (p.left == null) p.left = created[i]; else // If second child p.right = created[i]; } /* Creates tree from parent[0..n-1] and returns root of the created tree */ Node createTree(int parent[], int n) { // Create an array created[] to keep track // of created nodes, initialize all entries // as NULL Node[] created = new Node[n]; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) created[i] = null; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) createNode(parent, i, created); return root; } //For adding new line in a program void newLine() { System.out.println(""); } // Utility function to do inorder traversal void inorder(Node node) { if (node != null) { inorder(node.left); System.out.print(node.key + " "); inorder(node.right); } } // Driver method public static void main(String[] args) { BinaryTree tree = new BinaryTree(); int parent[] = new int[]{-1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 3, 5}; int n = parent.length; Node node = tree.createTree(parent, n); System.out.println("Inorder traversal of constructed tree "); tree.inorder(node); tree.newLine(); } } // This code has been contributed by Mayank Jaiswal(mayank_24) |
Python
# Python implementation to construct a Binary Tree from # parent array # A node structure class Node: # A utility function to create a new node def __init__(self, key): self.key = key self.left = None self.right = None """ Creates a node with key as 'i'. If i is root,then it changes root. If parent of i is not created, then it creates parent first """def createNode(parent, i, created, root): # If this node is already created if created[i] is not None: return # Create a new node and set created[i] created[i] = Node(i) # If 'i' is root, change root pointer and return if parent[i] == -1: root[0] = created[i] # root[0] denotes root of the tree return # If parent is not created, then create parent first if created[parent[i]] is None: createNode(parent, parent[i], created, root ) # Find parent pointer p = created[parent[i]] # If this is first child of parent if p.left is None: p.left = created[i] # If second child else: p.right = created[i] # Creates tree from parent[0..n-1] and returns root of the # created tree def createTree(parent): n = len(parent) # Create and array created[] to keep track # of created nodes, initialize all entries as None created = [None for i in range(n+1)] root = [None] for i in range(n): createNode(parent, i, created, root) return root[0] #Inorder traversal of tree def inorder(root): if root is not None: inorder(root.left) print root.key, inorder(root.right) # Driver Method parent = [-1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 3, 5] root = createTree(parent) print "Inorder Traversal of constructed tree"inorder(root) # This code is contributed by Nikhil Kumar Singh(nickzuck_007) |
C#
// C# program to construct a binary // tree from parent array using System; // A binary tree node public class Node { public int key; public Node left, right; public Node(int key) { this.key = key; left = right = null; } } class GFG { public Node root; // Creates a node with key as 'i'. // If i is root, then it changes // root. If parent of i is not created, // then it creates parent first public virtual void createNode(int[] parent, int i, Node[] created) { // If this node is already created if (created[i] != null) { return; } // Create a new node and set created[i] created[i] = new Node(i); // If 'i' is root, change root // pointer and return if (parent[i] == -1) { root = created[i]; return; } // If parent is not created, then // create parent first if (created[parent[i]] == null) { createNode(parent, parent[i], created); } // Find parent pointer Node p = created[parent[i]]; // If this is first child of parent if (p.left == null) { p.left = created[i]; } else // If second child { p.right = created[i]; } } /* Creates tree from parent[0..n-1] and returns root of the created tree */public virtual Node createTree(int[] parent, int n) { // Create an array created[] to // keep track of created nodes, // initialize all entries as NULL Node[] created = new Node[n]; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { created[i] = null; } for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { createNode(parent, i, created); } return root; } // For adding new line in a program public virtual void newLine() { Console.WriteLine(""); } // Utility function to do inorder traversal public virtual void inorder(Node node) { if (node != null) { inorder(node.left); Console.Write(node.key + " "); inorder(node.right); } } // Driver Code public static void Main(string[] args) { GFG tree = new GFG(); int[] parent = new int[]{-1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 3, 5}; int n = parent.Length; Node node = tree.createTree(parent, n); Console.WriteLine("Inorder traversal of " + "constructed tree "); tree.inorder(node); tree.newLine(); } } // This code is contributed by Shrikant13 |
Output:
Inorder Traversal of constructed tree 6 5 3 1 4 0 2
Similar Problem: Find Height of Binary Tree represented by Parent array
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