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Consider a right triangle ABC, right angled at B and If AC = 17 units and BC = 8 units, then determine all the trigonometric ratios of angle C.

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Trigonometry is a branch of mathematics that gives the relationships between side lengths and angles of triangles. there are six angles and their function for calculation in trigonometry. All trigonometric angles have fixed values and they can also be defined by the ratio of the lengths of the sides in a right-angled triangle. For instance, sin30° is equal to 1/2 and cos 30° is equal to √3/2, cos∅ is also defined as the ratio of base to its hypotenuse in a right-angled triangle, and so on. The six trigonometric ratios are⇢ sine (sin), cosine (cos), tangent (tan), cotangent (cot), cosecant (cosec), and, secant (sec).

Trigonometry Ratios

The six trigonometric as mentioned above are Sine, cosine, tangent, cotangent, cosecant, and secant. For a right-angled triangle, there is two way to obtain the relationship among all the sides of the triangle. The trigonometric ratios provide the ratio of two of the sides of the triangle, and the Pythagoras theorem provides the relationship among all the sides. Below is the table providing the ratios,

                 Sin ∅ Opposite Side to ∅ (Perpendicular) / Hypotenuse
                 Cos∅   Adjacent Side to ∅ (Base) / Hypotenuse                                                                     
                 tan ∅ Opposite Side (Perpendicular) / Adjacent Side (Base) & Sin θ/Cos∅     
                 Cot ∅ Adjacent Side (Base) / Opposite Side (Perpendicular) & 1/tan∅ & Cos∅/sin∅     
                Cosec ∅                                                   Hypotenuse / Opposite Side (Perpendicular) & 1/sin ∅    
                Sec ∅ Hypotenuse / Adjacent Side (Base) & 1/cos ∅     

Pythagoras Theorem

The Pythagoras theorem says that the square of the hypotenuse (biggest side of the right-angled triangle) is equal to the sum of the squares of the rest of the sides (base and perpendicular). The diagram below shows the right-angled triangle with all the three sides mentioned,

Trigonometry ratio calculation

The Pythagoras theorem is,

(hypotenuse)2 = (perpendicular)2 + (base)2

H2= P2 + B2

The trigonometric ratios can also be found for the same triangle for angle a, let angle a be the angle through which we calculate all trigonometric ratios,

sin a = (Side opposite to ∠a) / (Hypotenuse) 

cos a = (Side adjacent to ∠a) / (Hypotenuse)

tan a = (Side opposite to ∠a) / (Side adjacent to ∠a)= sin ∠a/cos ∠a

cosec a= 1/sin a= (Hypotenuse) / (Side Opposite to ∠a) 

sec a = 1/cos a = (Hypotenuse) / (Side Opposite to ∠a) 

cot a = 1/tan a = (Side adjacent to ∠a) / (Side opposite to ∠a)

Trigonometry Ratios table shows the value of all the angles for all trigonometric ratios, below is the table representing values for some specific angles (0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 90°),

Angle 0° 30° 45° 60° 90°
sin a 0 1/2 1/√2 √3/√2 1
cos a 1 √3/√2 1/√2 1/2 0
tan a 0 1/√3 1 √3 ∞
cot a ∞ √3 1 1/√3 0
sec a 1 2/√3 √2 2 ∞
cosec a ∞ 2 √2 2/√3 1

Consider right triangle ABC, right-angled at B. If AC = 17 units and BC = 8 units determine all the trigonometric ratios of angle C.

Solution:

In triangle ABC, 

Use Pythagoras  triplet 

AB2 = AC2 – BC2

AB =√172 – 82

AB = √289 – 64 = √225

AB = 15 units

Now calculate all the trigonometric ratios of angle C;

From above formulas

Sin c =  BA/BC = 15/17

Cos c = BC/AC = 8/17

Tan c = AB/BC = 15/8

Cot c= BC/AB = 1/ Tan c =  8/15

Cosec c = 1/Sin c = AC/AB = 17/15

Sec c = 1/ Cos c = AC/BC = 17/8

These all are trigonometric ratios of angle c.

Similar Problems

Question 1: Find the value of tan θ if sin θ = 12/5 and cos θ = 3/5.

Solution:

Given, sin θ = 12/5 and cos θ = 3/5

tan θ = Sin θ / Cos θ

tan θ = (12/5)/(3/5)

tan θ = 12/3

tan θ = 4

Question 2: if tan θ = 3/4 and cos θ = 1/2, Find the value of sin θ. 

Solution:

tan θ = 3/4 

cos θ = 1/2

tan θ = sin θ/ cos θ

sin θ = tanθ × cosθ

sin θ = (3/4)(1/2) 

sin θ = 3/2

Question 3: If cos θ = 9/8, find Sec θ.

Solution:

cos θ = 9/8

cos θ  = 1/sec θ 

sec θ  = 1/cos θ 

sec θ  = 1/(9/8)

sec θ  = 8/9

Question 4: If in a right-angled triangle ABC, B is at right angled, AC = 5cm (hypotenuse), base BC = 3cm and AB = 4cm (perpendicular ) and if ∠ACB = θ, then find tan θ, sin θ and cos θ.

Solution:

Given, In ∆ABC,  

Hypotenuse, AC = 5cm  

Base, BC = 3cm  

Perpendicular, AB = 4c then,  

tan θ = Perpendicular/Base = 4/3

Sin θ = Perpendicular/Hypotenuse = AB/AC = 4/5

Cos θ = Base/Hypotenuse = BC/AC = 3/5

Question 5: If θ is 30° calculate all trigonometric ratio

Answer:

sin 30°  = 1/2

cos 30°  = √3/2

tan 30° = 1/√3

cot 30° =  âˆš3

cosec 30° = 2

sec 30° = 2/√3


Last Updated : 11 Nov, 2021
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