Open In App

Compress a Binary Tree from top to bottom with overlapping condition

Improve
Improve
Like Article
Like
Save
Share
Report

Given a binary tree, the task is to compress all the nodes on the same vertical line into a single node such that if the count of set bits of all the nodes on a vertical line at any position is greater than the count of clear bits at that position, then the bit of the single node at that position is set.

Examples:

Input: 
 

     1
      \
       2
      /
     1
      \
       3

Output: 1 2 
Explanation: 
1 and 1 are at same vertical distance, count of set bit at 0th position = 2 and count of clear bit = 0. Therefore, 0th bit of the resultant node is set. 
2 and 3 are at same vertical distance, count of set bit at 0th pos = 1 and count of clear bit = 1. Therefore, 0 bit is set of resultant node is not set. 
2 and 3 are at same vertical distance, count of set bit at 1st pos = 2 and count of clear bit = 0. Therefore, 1st bit of resultant node is set. 
 

Input: 
 

       5
     /   \
    3     2
   / \   /  \
  1   4 1    2

Output: 1 3 5 2 2
Explanation:  
5,4 and 1 are at same verticle distance (i.e 0), count of set bit at 0th position = 2 and count of clear bit = 1. Therefore, 1th bit of the resultant node is set.
5,4 and 1 are at same verticle distance (i.e 0), count of set bit at 1st position = 0 and count of clear bit = 3. Therefore, 0th bit of the resultant node is set. 
5,4 and 1 are at same verticle distance (i.e 0), count of set bit at 2nd position = 2 and count of clear bit = 1. Therefore, 1th bit of the resultant node is set.
Rest of the nodes are at distinct verticle distance.

Input: 
 

           1
        /     \
      2         3
    /  \      /   \
  11    3    4     10
 /    /   \   \     \
9    7     8   2     4

Output: 9  11  2  1  2  10  4 

 

 

Approach: The idea is to traverse the tree and to keep the track of the horizontal distance from the root node for each visited node. Below are the steps:

  • A map can be used to store the horizontal distance from the root node as the key and the values of the nodes as values.
  • After storing the values in the map check the number of set and non-set bits for each position and calculate the values accordingly.

Below is the implementation of the above approach:

C++




// C++ program for the above approach
 
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
 
// Structure of a node of the tree
class Node {
public:
    int val;
    Node *left, *right;
 
    Node(int val)
    {
        this->val = val;
        left = right = NULL;
    }
};
 
//  Function to compress all the nodes  on the same vertical
//  line
void evalComp(vector<int>& arr)
{
    // Stores node by compressing all nodes on the current
    // vertical line
    int ans = 0;
 
    // Check if i-th bit of current bit set or not
    int getBit = 1;
 
    // Iterate over the range [0, 31]
    for (int i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
        // Stores count of set bits at i-th positions
        int S = 0;
        // Stores count of clear bits at i-th positions
        int NS = 0;
 
        // Traverse the array
        for (auto j : arr) {
            // If i-th bit of current element is set
            if (getBit & j)
                S++; // Update S
 
            else
                NS++; // Update NS
        }
        // If count of set bits at i-th position is greater
        // than count of clear bits
        if (S > NS)
            // Update ans
            ans += pow(2, i);
 
        // Update getBit
        getBit <<= 1;
    }
 
    cout << ans << " ";
}
 
// Function to traverse the tree and map all the nodes of
// same vertical line to vertical distance
void Trav(Node* root, int hd, map<int, vector<int> >& mp)
{
    if (!root)
        return;
 
    // Storing the values in the map
    mp[hd].push_back(root->val);
 
    // Recursive calls on left and right subtree
    Trav(root->left, hd - 1, mp);
    Trav(root->right, hd + 1, mp);
}
 
// Function to compress all the nodes on the same vertical
// line with a single node that satisfies the condition
void compressTree(Node* root)
{
    // Map all the nodes on the same vertical line
    map<int, vector<int> > mp;
 
    Trav(root, 0, mp);
 
    // Getting the range of horizontal distances
    int lower, upper;
    for (auto i : mp) {
        lower = min(lower, i.first);
        upper = max(upper, i.first);
    }
 
    for (int i = lower; i <= upper; i++)
        evalComp(mp[i]);
}
 
// Driver Code
int main()
{
    Node* root = new Node(5);
    root->left = new Node(3);
    root->right = new Node(2);
    root->left->left = new Node(1);
    root->left->right = new Node(4);
    root->right->left = new Node(1);
    root->right->right = new Node(2);
 
    // Function Call
    compressTree(root);
 
    return 0;
}
 
// This code is contributed by Tapesh(tapeshdua420)


Java




// Java program for the above approach
import java.util.*;
 
class GFG {
    // Structure of a node of the tree
    static class Node {
        int val;
        Node left, right;
 
        Node(int val)
        {
            this.val = val;
            left = right = null;
        }
    }
    // Driver Code
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        Node root = new Node(5);
        root.left = new Node(3);
        root.right = new Node(2);
        root.left.left = new Node(1);
        root.left.right = new Node(4);
        root.right.left = new Node(1);
        root.right.right = new Node(2);
 
        compressTree(root);
    }
    //  Function to compress all the nodes on the same
    //  vertical line
    public static void evalComp(ArrayList<Integer> arr)
    {
        // Stores node by compressing all nodes on the
        // currentvertical line
        int ans = 0;
        // Check if i-th bit of current bit set or not
        int getBit = 1;
        // Iterate over the range [0, 31]
        for (int i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
            // Stores count of set bits at i-th positions
            int S = 0;
            // Stores count of clear bits at i-th positions
            int NS = 0;
 
            // Traverse the array
            for (int j : arr) {
                // If i-th bit of current element is set
                if ((getBit & j) != 0)
                    S++; // Update S
                else
                    NS++; // Update NS
            }
            // If count of set bits at i-th position is
            // greater
            // than count of clear bits
            if (S > NS)
                // Update ans
                ans += Math.pow(2, i);
            // Update getBit
            getBit <<= 1;
        }
        System.out.print(ans + " ");
    }
    // Function to traverse the tree and map all the nodes
    // of same vertical line to vertical distance
    public static void
    Trav(Node root, int hd,
         HashMap<Integer, ArrayList<Integer> > mp)
    {
        if (root == null)
            return;
 
        // Storing the values in the map
        mp.putIfAbsent(hd, new ArrayList<>());
        mp.get(hd).add(root.val);
 
        // Recursive calls on left and right subtree
        Trav(root.left, hd - 1, mp);
        Trav(root.right, hd + 1, mp);
    }
    // Function to compress all the nodes on the same
    // vertical
    // line with a single node that satisfies the condition
    public static void compressTree(Node root)
    {
        // Map all the nodes on the same vertical line
        HashMap<Integer, ArrayList<Integer> > mp
            = new HashMap<>();
 
        Trav(root, 0, mp);
 
        // Getting the range of horizontal distances
        int lower = Integer.MAX_VALUE, upper
                                       = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
        for (Map.Entry<Integer, ArrayList<Integer> > i :
             mp.entrySet()) {
            lower = Math.min(lower, i.getKey());
            upper = Math.max(upper, i.getKey());
        }
        for (int i = lower; i <= upper; i++)
            evalComp(mp.get(i));
    }
}
 
// This code is contributed by Tapesh(tapeshdua420)


Python3




# Python3 program for the above approach
 
# Structure of a node
# of the tree
class TreeNode:
    def __init__(self, val ='', left = None, right = None):
        self.val = val
        self.left = left
        self.right = right
         
         
# Function to compress all the nodes
# on the same vertical line
def evalComp(arr):
     
     
    # Stores node by compressing all
    # nodes on the current vertical line
    ans = 0
     
    # Check if i-th bit of current bit
    # set or not
    getBit = 1
     
    # Iterate over the range [0, 31]
    for i in range(32):
         
        # Stores count of set bits
        # at i-th positions
        S = 0
         
         
        # Stores count of clear bits
        # at i-th positions
        NS = 0
 
         
        # Traverse the array
        for j in arr:
           
            # If i-th bit of current element
            # is set
            if getBit & j:
                 
                 
                # Update S
                S += 1
            else:
                 
                # Update NS
                NS += 1
                 
        # If count of set bits at i-th position
        # is greater than count of clear bits
        if S > NS:
             
            # Update ans
            ans += 2**i
             
        # Update getBit   
        getBit <<= 1
         
         
    print(ans, end = " ")
 
 
# Function to compress all the nodes on
# the same vertical line with a single node
# that satisfies the condition
def compressTree(root):
     
     
    # Map all the nodes on the same vertical line
    mp = {}
 
 
    # Function to traverse the tree and map
    # all the nodes of same vertical line
    # to vertical distance
    def Trav(root, hd):
        if not root:
            return
 
 
        # Storing the values in the map
        if hd not in mp:
            mp[hd] = [root.val]
        else:
            mp[hd].append(root.val)
 
 
        # Recursive calls on left and right subtree
        Trav(root.left, hd-1)
        Trav(root.right, hd + 1)
 
    Trav(root, 0)
 
 
    # Getting the range of
    # horizontal distances
    lower = min(mp.keys())
    upper = max(mp.keys())
 
 
    for i in range(lower, upper + 1):
        evalComp(mp[i])
 
# Driver Code
if __name__ == '__main__':
     
    root = TreeNode(5)
    root.left = TreeNode(3)
    root.right = TreeNode(2)
    root.left.left = TreeNode(1)
    root.left.right = TreeNode(4)
    root.right.left = TreeNode(1)
    root.right.right = TreeNode(2)
 
    # Function Call
    compressTree(root)


C#




// C# program for the above approach
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
 
// Structure of a node of the tree
class Node {
    public int val;
    public Node left;
    public Node right;
 
    public Node(int data)
    {
        val = data;
        left = right = null;
    }
}
 
class Program {
    // Driver Code
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
 
        Node root = new Node(5);
        root.left = new Node(3);
        root.right = new Node(2);
        root.left.left = new Node(1);
        root.left.right = new Node(4);
        root.right.left = new Node(1);
        root.right.right = new Node(2);
 
        compressTree(root);
    }
    //  Function to compress all the nodes on the same
    //  vertical line
    public static void evalComp(List<int> arr)
    {
        // Stores node by compressing all nodes on the
        // currentvertical line
        int ans = 0;
        // Check if i-th bit of current bit set or not
        int getBit = 1;
        // Iterate over the range [0, 31]
        for (int i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
            // Stores count of set bits at i-th positions
            int S = 0;
            // Stores count of clear bits at i-th positions
            int NS = 0;
 
            // Traverse the array
            foreach(int j in arr)
            {
                // If i-th bit of current element is set
                if ((getBit & j) != 0)
                    S++; // Update S
                else
                    NS++; // Update NS
            }
            // If count of set bits at i-th position is
            // greater
            // than count of clear bits
            if (S > NS)
                // Update ans
                ans += (int)Math.Pow(2, i);
            // Update getBit
            getBit <<= 1;
        }
 
        Console.Write(ans + " ");
    }
 
    // Function to traverse the tree and map all the nodes
    // of same vertical line to vertical distance
    public static void Trav(Node root, int hd,
                            Dictionary<int, List<int> > mp)
    {
        if (root == null)
            return;
 
        // Storing the values in the map
        if (mp.ContainsKey(hd) == false)
            mp[hd] = new List<int>();
        mp[hd].Add(root.val);
 
        // Recursive calls on left and right subtree
        Trav(root.left, hd - 1, mp);
        Trav(root.right, hd + 1, mp);
    }
   
    // Function to compress all the nodes on the same
    // vertical
    // line with a single node that satisfies the condition
    public static void compressTree(Node root)
    {
        // Map all the nodes on the same vertical line
        Dictionary<int, List<int> > mp
            = new Dictionary<int, List<int> >();
        Trav(root, 0, mp);
 
        // Getting the range of horizontal distances
        int lower = Int32.MaxValue, upper = Int32.MinValue;
        foreach(KeyValuePair<int, List<int> > i in mp)
        {
            lower = Math.Min(lower, i.Key);
            upper = Math.Max(upper, i.Key);
        }
 
        for (int i = lower; i <= upper; i++)
            evalComp(mp[i]);
    }
}
 
// This code is contributed by Tapesh(tapeshdua420)


Javascript




<script>
// Javascript program for the above approach
 
// Structure of a node
// of the tree
class TreeNode {
  constructor(val = "", left = null, right = null) {
    this.val = val;
    this.left = left;
    this.right = right;
  }
}
 
// Function to compress all the nodes
// on the same vertical line
function evalComp(arr) {
  // Stores node by compressing all
  // nodes on the current vertical line
  let ans = 0;
 
  // Check if i-th bit of current bit
  // set or not
  let getBit = 1;
 
  // Iterate over the range [0, 31]
  for (let i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
    // Stores count of set bits
    // at i-th positions
    let S = 0;
 
    // Stores count of clear bits
    // at i-th positions
    let NS = 0;
 
    // Traverse the array
    for (j of arr) {
      // If i-th bit of current element
      // is set
      if (getBit & j)
        // Update S
        S += 1;
      // Update NS
      else NS += 1;
    }
 
    // If count of set bits at i-th position
    // is greater than count of clear bits
    if (S > NS)
      // Update ans
      ans += 2 ** i;
 
    // Update getBit
    getBit <<= 1;
  }
 
  document.write(ans + " ");
}
 
// Function to compress all the nodes on
// the same vertical line with a single node
// that satisfies the condition
function compressTree(root) {
  // Map all the nodes on the same vertical line
  let mp = new Map();
 
  // Function to traverse the tree and map
  // all the nodes of same vertical line
  // to vertical distance
  function Trav(root, hd) {
    if (!root) return;
 
    // Storing the values in the map
    if (!mp.has(hd)) mp.set(hd, [root.val]);
    else {
      let temp = mp.get(hd);
      temp.push(root.val);
      mp.set(hd, temp);
    }
 
    // Recursive calls on left and right subtree
    Trav(root.left, hd - 1);
    Trav(root.right, hd + 1);
  }
 
  Trav(root, 0);
 
  // Getting the range of
  // horizontal distances
  let lower = [...mp.keys()].sort((a, b) => a - b)[0];
  let upper = [...mp.keys()].sort((a, b) => b - a)[0];
 
  for (let i = lower; i <= upper; i++) evalComp(mp.get(i));
}
 
// Driver Code
 
let root = new TreeNode(5);
root.left = new TreeNode(3);
root.right = new TreeNode(2);
root.left.left = new TreeNode(1);
root.left.right = new TreeNode(4);
root.right.left = new TreeNode(1);
root.right.right = new TreeNode(2);
 
// Function Call
compressTree(root);
 
// This code is contributed by _saurabh_jaiswal.
</script>


Output: 

1 3 5 2 2

 

Time Complexity: O(N logN), where N is the number of nodes in the binary tree.
Auxiliary Space: O(N)



Last Updated : 06 Apr, 2023
Like Article
Save Article
Previous
Next
Share your thoughts in the comments
Similar Reads