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Components of X.25 Network

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X.25 is an International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) protocol standard simply for Wide Area Network (WAN) communications that basically describes how the connections among user devices and network devices are established and maintained. 
This protocol is also known as Subscriber Network Interface (SNI) Protocol. It is a packet-switched network technology that is used long before ago. It basically allows all of the remote devices to communicate with each other across the high-speed digital links with no expense of individual leased lines. X.25 was basically developed for computer connections that are used for terminal or timesharing connection. It also explains how a node terminal can be interfaced to the network for simple communication in packet mode. It is also a connection-oriented protocol that explains three layers of the OSI model i.e. Physical Layer, Data Link Layer, and Network Layer. It supports two types of virtual circuits as given below :

  1. Switched Virtual Circuit (SVC) : This virtual circuit Is established among a computer and network when the computer transfers a packet of data to the network that is requesting to make a call to another computer. SVCs are less costly than PVCs. It is generally a virtual connection between two different DTE’s. S 
    VCs are simply implemented and established in connection-oriented systems like analog telephone networks and ATM networks. An SVC range not at all allowed to overlap any other range. These are simply voice calls and are a part of X.25 Network. SVCs are also similar to PVC but it rather allows users to dial into the network of virtual circuits. They are also required as seldom-used data transfer.
  2. Permanent Virtual Circuit (PVC) : It is a permanent association among two DTE’s that is established only when a user subscribes to a public network. PVC’s are more costly than SVC’s. This is also similar to the leased line that are used to link all of the data devices. There is also need to set-up phase as it is permanent. It also enables the creation or development of logical connections on top of the physical connection among all nodes that communicate continuously or frequently. It is basically a form of telecommunications service for Wide Area Network (WANs) that is required to provide a dedicated switched circuit among two nodes in circuit-switched network. Examples can be found on Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) and frame relay networks. PVC’s are mainly developed for busy networks that always needs the service of virtual circuit.

X.25 Network Equipment and Components : Some of the equipment and terms are also required to establish the X.25 Network. X.25 network devices generally fall into different categories as given below :

  1. Data Terminal Equipment (DTE) : DTE is basically an instrument or equipment that acts as a source or destination in digital communication and is used to convert user information or data into signals and then also reconverts all received signals into user information. It also communicates with DCE. Usually, DCE is a terminal device or might be a voice or data terminal. It can also be a printer, file servers, routers, etc. 
    These are basically the end systems that are used to communicate across the X.25 network. It does not even need to know about how data is sent or data is received. DTE usually required DCE to communicate with each other. It does not communicate with each other. It also used any of the devices that are used to store or generate data for the user.
  2. Data Circuit-Terminating Equipment (DCE) : DCE is sometimes also known as data communication equipment and data carrier equipment. It is a device that is fitted between the DTE and Data transmission circuit. All the communications details regarding sending and receiving data are left to the DCE. 
    It is generally a signal conversion device that converts signals from DTE to another form that is more suitable to be transported over a transmission channel. It also converts these signals that are converted back to their original form at the receiving end of the circuit. It is also responsible for providing timing over a serial link. It also performs various functions such as signal conversion, coding, and even line clocking in a data station.
  3. Packet Switching Exchange (PSE) : PSE is basically the switches that compose the bulk of the carrier’s network and are located in the carrier’s facilities. PSE is synchronous i.e., there is a clocking circuit that controls the timing of communication among the routers. These PSEs are also PADs, and even they disassemble and reassemble the packets. 
    There can various PSE stop known as hops along the way. PSE is generally used to transmit the data from one DTE device to another through the use of X.25 PSN and is simply considered as the backbone of X.25 Network.

 


Last Updated : 20 Jul, 2022
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