Check whether BST contains Dead End or not

Given a Binary search Tree that contains positive integer values greater then 0. The task is to check whether the BST contains a dead end or not. Here Dead End means, we are not able to insert any element after that node.

Examples:

Input :        8
             /   \ 
           5      9
         /   \
        2     7
       /
      1               
Output : Yes
Explanation : Node "1" is the dead End because
         after that we cant insert any element.       

Input :       8
            /   \ 
           7     10
         /      /   \
        2      9     13

Output : Yes
Explanation : We can't insert any element at 
              node 9.

If we take a closer look at problem, we can notice that we basically need to check if there is leaf node with value x such that x+1 and x-1 exist in BST with exception of x = 1. For x = 1, we can’t insert 0 as problem statement says BST contains positive integers only.

To implement above idea we first traverse whole BST and store all nodes in a hash_map. We also store all leaves in a separate hash to avoid re-traversal of BST. Finally we check for every leaf node x, if x-1 and x+1 are present in hash_map or not.



Below is C++ implementation of above idea .

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// C++ program check weather BST contains
// dead end or not
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
  
// A BST node
struct Node
{
    int data;
    struct Node *left, *right;
};
  
// A utility function to create a new node
Node *newNode(int data)
{
    Node *temp = new Node;
    temp->data = data;
    temp->left = temp->right = NULL;
    return temp;
}
  
/* A utility function to insert a new Node
  with given key in BST */
struct Node* insert(struct Node* node, int key)
{
    /* If the tree is empty, return a new Node */
    if (node == NULL) return newNode(key);
  
    /* Otherwise, recur down the tree */
    if (key < node->data)
        node->left = insert(node->left, key);
    else if (key > node->data)
        node->right = insert(node->right, key);
  
    /* return the (unchanged) Node pointer */
    return node;
}
  
// Function to store all node of given binary search tree
void storeNodes(Node * root, unordered_set<int> &all_nodes,
                          unordered_set<int> &leaf_nodes)
{
    if (root == NULL)
        return ;
  
    // store all node of binary search tree
    all_nodes.insert(root->data);
  
    // store leaf node in leaf_hash
    if (root->left==NULL && root->right==NULL)
    {
        leaf_nodes.insert(root->data);
        return ;
    }
  
    // recur call rest tree
    storeNodes(root-> left, all_nodes, leaf_nodes);
    storeNodes(root->right, all_nodes, leaf_nodes);
}
  
// Returns true if there is a dead end in tree,
// else false.
bool isDeadEnd(Node *root)
{
    // Base case
    if (root == NULL)
        return false ;
  
    // create two empty hash sets that store all
    // BST elements and leaf nodes respectively.
    unordered_set<int> all_nodes, leaf_nodes;
  
    // insert 0 in 'all_nodes' for handle case
    // if bst contain value 1
    all_nodes.insert(0);
  
    // Call storeNodes function to store all BST Node
    storeNodes(root, all_nodes, leaf_nodes);
  
    // Traversal leaf node and check Tree contain
    // continuous sequence of
    // size tree or Not
    for (auto i = leaf_nodes.begin() ; i != leaf_nodes.end(); i++)
    {
        int x = (*i);
  
        // Here we check first and last element of
        // continuous sequence that are x-1 & x+1
        if (all_nodes.find(x+1) != all_nodes.end() &&
            all_nodes.find(x-1) != all_nodes.end())
            return true;
    }
  
    return false ;
}
  
// Driver program
int main()
{
/*       8
       /   \
      5    11
     /  \
    2    7
     \
      3
       \
        4 */
    Node *root = NULL;
    root = insert(root, 8);
    root = insert(root, 5);
    root = insert(root, 2);
    root = insert(root, 3);
    root = insert(root, 7);
    root = insert(root, 11);
    root = insert(root, 4);
    if (isDeadEnd(root) == true)
        cout << "Yes " << endl;
    else
        cout << "No " << endl;
    return 0;
}

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Output:


Yes



Time Complexity : O(n)


Simple Recursive solution to check whether BST contains dead End


This article is contributed by Nishant_Singh(Pintu). If you like GeeksforGeeks and would like to contribute, you can also write an article using contribute.geeksforgeeks.org or mail your article to contribute@geeksforgeeks.org. See your article appearing on the GeeksforGeeks main page and help other Geeks.


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