How to check if a given number is Fibonacci number?

Given a number ‘n’, how to check if n is a Fibonacci number. First few Fibonacci numbers are 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, ..
Examples :

Input : 8
Output : Yes
Input : 34
Output : Yes
Input : 41
Output : No

Approach 1:

A simple way is to generate Fibonacci numbers until the generated number is greater than or equal to ‘n’. Following is an interesting property about Fibonacci numbers that can also be used to check if a given number is Fibonacci or not.
A number is Fibonacci if and only if one or both of (5*n² + 4) or (5*n² – 4) is a perfect square (Source: Wiki). Following is a simple program based on this concept.

C++

// C++ program to check if x is a perfect square
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
 
// A utility function that returns true if x is perfect
// square
bool isPerfectSquare(int x)
{
    int s = sqrt(x);
    return (s * s == x);
}
 
// Returns true if n is a Fibonacci Number, else false
bool isFibonacci(int n)
{
    // n is Fibonacci if one of 5*n*n + 4 or 5*n*n - 4 or
    // both is a perfect square
    return isPerfectSquare(5 * n * n + 4)
           || isPerfectSquare(5 * n * n - 4);
}
 
// A utility function to test above functions
int main()
{
    for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++)
        isFibonacci(i)
            ? cout << i << " is a Fibonacci Number \n"
            : cout << i << " is a not Fibonacci Number \n";
    return 0;
}
 
// This code is contributed by Sania Kumari Gupta (kriSania804)

C

// C program to check if x is a perfect square
#include <math.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdio.h>
 
// A utility function that returns true if x is perfect
// square
bool isPerfectSquare(int x)
{
    int s = sqrt(x);
    return (s * s == x);
}
 
// Returns true if n is a Fibonacci Number, else false
bool isFibonacci(int n)
{
    // n is Fibonacci if one of 5*n*n + 4 or 5*n*n - 4 or
    // both is a perfect square
    return isPerfectSquare(5 * n * n + 4)
           || isPerfectSquare(5 * n * n - 4);
}
 
// A utility function to test above functions
int main()
{
    for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
        if (isFibonacci(i))
            printf("%d is a Fibonacci Number \n", i);
        else
            printf("%d is a not Fibonacci Number \n", i);
    }
    return 0;
}
 
// This code is contributed by Sania Kumari Gupta (kriSania804)

Java

// Java program to check if x is a perfect square
 
class GFG
{
    // A utility method that returns true if x is perfect square
    static  boolean isPerfectSquare(int x)
    {
        int s = (int) Math.sqrt(x);
        return (s*s == x);
    }
      
    // Returns true if n is a Fibonacci Number, else false
    static boolean isFibonacci(int n)
    {
        // n is Fibonacci if one of 5*n*n + 4 or 5*n*n - 4 or both
        // is a perfect square
        return isPerfectSquare(5*n*n + 4) ||
               isPerfectSquare(5*n*n - 4);
    }
 
    // Driver method
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++)
             System.out.println(isFibonacci(i) ?  i +  " is a Fibonacci Number" :
                                                  i + " is a not Fibonacci Number");
    }
}
//This code is contributed by Nikita Tiwari

Python

# python program to check if x is a perfect square
import math
 
# A utility function that returns true if x is perfect square
def isPerfectSquare(x):
    s = int(math.sqrt(x))
    return s*s == x
 
# Returns true if n is a Fibonacci Number, else false
def isFibonacci(n):
 
    # n is Fibonacci if one of 5*n*n + 4 or 5*n*n - 4 or both
    # is a perfect square
    return isPerfectSquare(5*n*n + 4) or isPerfectSquare(5*n*n - 4)
    
# A utility function to test above functions
for i in range(1,11):
     if (isFibonacci(i) == True):
         print i,"is a Fibonacci Number"
     else:
         print i,"is a not Fibonacci Number "

C#

// C# program to check if
// x is a perfect square
using System;
 
class GFG {
 
    // A utility function that returns
    // true if x is perfect square
    static bool isPerfectSquare(int x)
    {
        int s = (int)Math.Sqrt(x);
        return (s * s == x);
    }
 
    // Returns true if n is a
    // Fibonacci Number, else false
    static bool isFibonacci(int n)
    {
        // n is Fibonacci if one of
        // 5*n*n + 4 or 5*n*n - 4 or
        // both are a perfect square
        return isPerfectSquare(5 * n * n + 4) ||
               isPerfectSquare(5 * n * n - 4);
    }
 
    // Driver method
    public static void Main()
    {
        for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++)
            Console.WriteLine(isFibonacci(i) ? i +
                              " is a Fibonacci Number" : i +
                              " is a not Fibonacci Number");
    }
}
 
// This code is contributed by Sam007

Javascript

<script>
// javascript program to check if x is a perfect square
 
// A utility function that returns true if x is perfect square
function isPerfectSquare( x)
{
    let s = parseInt(Math.sqrt(x));
    return (s * s == x);
}
 
// Returns true if n is a Fibonacci Number, else false
function isFibonacci( n)
{
 
    // n is Fibonacci if one of 5*n*n + 4 or 5*n*n - 4 or both
    // is a perfect square
    return isPerfectSquare(5 * n * n + 4) ||
           isPerfectSquare(5 * n * n - 4);
}
 
// A utility function to test above functions
  for (let i = 1; i <= 10; i++)
     isFibonacci(i)?  document.write( i + " is a Fibonacci Number <br/>"):
                     document.write(i + " is a not Fibonacci Number <br/>") ;
                      
// This code is contributed by Rajput-Ji
 
</script>

PHP

<?php
// PHP program to check if
// x is a perfect square
 
// A utility function that
// returns true if x is
// perfect square
function isPerfectSquare($x)
{
    $s = (int)(sqrt($x));
    return ($s * $s == $x);
}
 
// Returns true if n is a
// Fibonacci Number, else false
function isFibonacci($n)
{
    // n is Fibonacci if one of
    // 5*n*n + 4 or 5*n*n - 4 or
    // both is a perfect square
    return isPerfectSquare(5 * $n * $n + 4) ||
           isPerfectSquare(5 * $n * $n - 4);
}
 
// Driver Code
for ($i = 1; $i <= 10; $i++)
if(isFibonacci($i))
echo "$i is a Fibonacci Number \n";
else
echo "$i is a not Fibonacci Number \n" ;
 
// This code is contributed by mits
?>

Output

1 is a Fibonacci Number 
2 is a Fibonacci Number 
3 is a Fibonacci Number 
4 is a not Fibonacci Number 
5 is a Fibonacci Number 
6 is a not Fibonacci Number 
7 is a not Fibonacci Number 
8 is a Fibonacci Number 
9 is a not Fibonacci Number 
10 is a not Fibonacci Number

Time Complexity: O(log N), where N is is the number that we square-root.
Auxiliary Space: O(1)

Approach 2:

In this approach, we first handle the special case where the input number is 0 (which is a Fibonacci number). Then, we use a while loop to generate Fibonacci numbers until we find a Fibonacci number greater than or equal to the input number. If the generated Fibonacci number is equal to the input number, we return true. Otherwise, we check if either (5 * n * n + 4) or (5 * n * n – 4) is a perfect square, as per the formula mentioned in the original code.

This approach may be more efficient than the original code in some cases, especially for larger input values, as it generates Fibonacci numbers on-the-fly and stops as soon as it finds a Fibonacci number greater than or equal to the input number.

C++

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
 
bool isPerfectSquare(int n) {
    int root = sqrt(n);
    return (root * root == n);
}
 
bool isFibonacci(int n) {
    if (n == 0) {
        return true;
    }
    int a = 0, b = 1, c = 1;
    while (c < n) {
        a = b;
        b = c;
        c = a + b;
    }
    return (c == n || isPerfectSquare(5 * n * n + 4) || isPerfectSquare(5 * n * n - 4));
}
 
int main() {
    for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
        if (isFibonacci(i)) {
            cout << i << " is a Fibonacci number.\n";
        } else {
            cout << i << " is not a Fibonacci number.\n";
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

Java

import java.util.*;
 
public class Main {
    public static boolean isPerfectSquare(int n) {
        int root = (int) Math.sqrt(n);
        return (root * root == n);
    }
 
    public static boolean isFibonacci(int n) {
        if (n == 0) {
            return true;
        }
        int a = 0, b = 1, c = 1;
        while (c < n) {
            a = b;
            b = c;
            c = a + b;
        }
        return (c == n || isPerfectSquare(5 * n * n + 4) || isPerfectSquare(5 * n * n - 4));
    }
 
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
            if (isFibonacci(i)) {
                System.out.println(i + " is a Fibonacci number.");
            } else {
                System.out.println(i + " is not a Fibonacci number.");
            }
        }
    }
}

Python3

import math
 
def is_perfect_square(n):
    root = int(math.sqrt(n))
    return (root * root == n)
 
def is_fibonacci(n):
    if n == 0:
        return True
    a, b, c = 0, 1, 1
    while c < n:
        a = b
        b = c
        c = a + b
    return c == n or is_perfect_square(5 * n * n + 4) or is_perfect_square(5 * n * n - 4)
 
for i in range(1, 11):
    if is_fibonacci(i):
        print(i, "is a Fibonacci number.")
    else:
        print(i, "is not a Fibonacci number.")

C#

// C# program for the above approach
 
using System;
 
public class Program {
    static bool IsPerfectSquare(int n) {
    int root = (int)Math.Sqrt(n);
    return (root * root == n);
    }
     
    static bool IsFibonacci(int n) {
        if (n == 0) {
            return true;
        }
        int a = 0, b = 1, c = 1;
        while (c < n) {
            a = b;
            b = c;
            c = a + b;
        }
        return (c == n || IsPerfectSquare(5 * n * n + 4) || IsPerfectSquare(5 * n * n - 4));
    }
     
    public static void Main() {
        for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
            if (IsFibonacci(i)) {
                Console.WriteLine(i + " is a Fibonacci number.");
            }
            else {
                Console.WriteLine(i + " is not a Fibonacci number.");
            }
        }
    }
 
}
// This code is contributed by adityasha4x71

Javascript

function is_perfect_square(n) {
    let root = Math.floor(Math.sqrt(n));
    return (root * root === n);
}
 
function is_fibonacci(n) {
    if (n === 0) {
        return true;
    }
    let a = 0, b = 1, c = 1;
    while (c < n) {
        [a, b] = [b, c];
        c = a + b;
    }
    return c === n || is_perfect_square(5 * n * n + 4) || is_perfect_square(5 * n * n - 4);
}
 
for (let i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
    if (is_fibonacci(i)) {
        console.log(i + " is a Fibonacci number.");
    } else {
        console.log(i + " is not a Fibonacci number.");
    }
}
 
// Contributed by adityasha4x71

Output

1 is a Fibonacci number.
2 is a Fibonacci number.
3 is a Fibonacci number.
4 is not a Fibonacci number.
5 is a Fibonacci number.
6 is not a Fibonacci number.
7 is not a Fibonacci number.
8 is a Fibonacci number.
9 is not a Fibonacci number.
10 is not a Fibonacci number.

Time Complexity: O(log N), where N is is the number that we square-root.
Auxiliary Space: O(1)

Approach 3:

This is another approach to check if a given number is Fibonacci number or not.

Steps:

To check if a given number is Fibonacci number or not, we do the following steps:

First check if the number is 0 or 1, then return true.
Then till the number comes do while loop.
In each iteration:
- First calculate Fibonacci of that iteration.
- Then check if it matches with given number or not.
  - If matches, return true.
  - If the value goes beyond, given number then return false.
  - Otherwise continue.

Below is the implementation of the above approach:

C++

// C++ program to check if a given number is
// Fibonacci number or not
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
 
// Function to check Fibonacci number
bool isFibonacci(int N)
{
    if (N == 0 || N == 1)
        return true;
    int a = 0, b = 1, c;
    while (true) {
        c = a + b;
        a = b;
        b = c;
        if (c == N)
            return true;
        else if (c >= N) {
            return false;
        }
    }
}
 
int main()
{
    for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
        if (isFibonacci(i)) {
            cout << i << " is a Fibonacci number.\n";
        }
        else {
            cout << i << " is not a Fibonacci number.\n";
        }
    }
    return 0;
}
 
// This code is contributed by Susobhan Akhuli

Java

public class GFG {
 
    // Function to check if a given number is a Fibonacci
    // number
    static boolean isFibonacci(int N)
    {
        // Fibonacci numbers start with 0 and 1, so they are
        // already Fibonacci
        if (N == 0 || N == 1)
            return true;
 
        // Initialize two variables to track Fibonacci
        // numbers
        int a = 0, b = 1, c;
 
        // Generate Fibonacci numbers until we reach N or a
        // number greater than N
        while (true) {
            // Calculate the next Fibonacci number in the
            // sequence
            c = a + b;
            a = b;
            b = c;
 
            // If the current Fibonacci number is equal to
            // N, it is a Fibonacci number
            if (c == N)
                return true;
            // If the current Fibonacci number is greater
            // than N, it is not a Fibonacci number
            else if (c >= N) {
                return false;
            }
        }
    }
 
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        // Loop from 1 to 10 to check if each number is a
        // Fibonacci number
        for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
            // Call the isFibonacci function to check if the
            // number is a Fibonacci number
            if (isFibonacci(i)) {
                System.out.println(
                    i + " is a Fibonacci number.");
            }
            else {
                System.out.println(
                    i + " is not a Fibonacci number.");
            }
        }
    }
}
 
// This code is contributed by shivamgupta310570

Python3

# Python program to check if a given number is
# Fibonacci number or not
 
# Function to check Fibonacci number
def isFibonacci(N):
    if N == 0 or N == 1:
        return True
    a, b = 0, 1
    while True:
        c = a + b
        a = b
        b = c
        if c == N:
            return True
        elif c >= N:
            return False
 
# Driver Code
if __name__ == '__main__':
    for i in range(1, 11):
        if isFibonacci(i):
            print(i, "is a Fibonacci number.")
        else:
            print(i, "is not a Fibonacci number.")
 
# This code is contributed by Aaysi Mishra

C#

// C# program to check if a given number is
// Fibonacci number or not
using System;
 
public class GFG {
    // Function to check if a given number is a Fibonacci
    // number
    static bool IsFibonacci(int N)
    {
        // Fibonacci numbers start with 0 and 1, so they are
        // already Fibonacci
        if (N == 0 || N == 1)
            return true;
 
        // Initialize two variables to track Fibonacci
        // numbers
        int a = 0, b = 1, c;
 
        // Generate Fibonacci numbers until we reach N or a
        // number greater than N
        while (true) {
            // Calculate the next Fibonacci number in the
            // sequence
            c = a + b;
            a = b;
            b = c;
 
            // If the current Fibonacci number is equal to
            // N, it is a Fibonacci number
            if (c == N)
                return true;
            // If the current Fibonacci number is greater
            // than N, it is not a Fibonacci number
            else if (c >= N) {
                return false;
            }
        }
    }
 
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        // Loop from 1 to 10 to check if each number is a
        // Fibonacci number
        for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
            // Call the IsFibonacci function to check if the
            // number is a Fibonacci number
            if (IsFibonacci(i)) {
                Console.WriteLine(
                    $"{i} is a Fibonacci number.");
            }
            else {
                Console.WriteLine(
                    $"{i} is not a Fibonacci number.");
            }
        }
    }
}
 
// This code is contributed by Susobhan Akhuli

Output

1 is a Fibonacci number.
2 is a Fibonacci number.
3 is a Fibonacci number.
4 is not a Fibonacci number.
5 is a Fibonacci number.
6 is not a Fibonacci number.
7 is not a Fibonacci number.
8 is a Fibonacci number.
9 is not a Fibonacci number.
10 is not a Fibonacci number.

Time Complexity: O(N), for iteration.
Auxiliary Space: O(1)

This article is contributed by Abhay Rathi. Please write comments if you find anything incorrect, or you want to share more information about the topic discussed above.

Last Updated : 20 Sep, 2023