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Check if it is possible to reach a number by making jumps of two given length

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Given a starting position ‘k’ and two jump sizes ‘d1’ and ‘d2’, our task is to find the minimum number of jumps needed to reach ‘x’ if it is possible.
At any position P, we are allowed to jump to positions : 

  • P + d1 and P – d1
  • P + d2 and P – d2

Examples: 

Input : k = 10, d1 = 4, d2 = 6 and x = 8 
Output : 2
1st step 10 + d1 = 14
2nd step 14 - d2 = 8

Input : k = 10, d1 = 4, d2 = 6 and x = 9
Output : -1
-1 indicates it is not possible to reach x.

In the previous article we discussed a strategy to check whether a list of numbers is reachable by K by making jump of two given lengths. 

Here, instead of a list of numbers, we are given a single integer x and if it is reachable from k then the task is to find the minimum number of steps or jumps needed. 

We will solve this using Breadth first Search

Approach

  • Check if ‘x’ is reachable from k. The number x is reachable from k if it satisfies (x – k) % gcd(d1, d2) = 0.
  • If x is reachable : 
    1. Maintain a hash table to store the already visited positions.
    2. Apply bfs algorithm starting from position k.
    3. If you reach position P in ‘stp’ steps, you can reach p+d1 position in ‘stp+1’ steps.
    4. If position P is the required position ‘x’ then steps taken to reach P is the answer

The image below depicts how the algorithm finds out number of steps needed to reach x = 8 with k = 10, d1 = 4 and d2 = 6. 

Below is the implementation of the above approach: 

C++




#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
 
// Function to perform BFS traversal to
// find minimum number of step needed
// to reach x from K
int minStepsNeeded(int k, int d1, int d2, int x)
{
    // Calculate GCD of d1 and d2
    int gcd = __gcd(d1, d2);
 
    // If position is not reachable
    // return -1
    if ((k - x) % gcd != 0)
        return -1;
 
    // Queue for BFS
    queue<pair<int, int> > q;
 
    // Hash Table for marking
    // visited positions
    unordered_set<int> visited;
 
    // we need 0 steps to reach K
    q.push({ k, 0 });
 
    // Mark starting position
    // as visited
    visited.insert(k);
 
    while (!q.empty()) {
 
        int s = q.front().first;
 
        // stp is the number of steps
        // to reach position s
        int stp = q.front().second;
 
        if (s == x)
            return stp;
 
        q.pop();
 
        if (visited.find(s + d1) == visited.end()) {
 
            // if position not visited
            // add to queue and mark visited
            q.push({ s + d1, stp + 1 });
 
            visited.insert(s + d1);
        }
 
        if (visited.find(s + d2) == visited.end()) {
            q.push({ s + d2, stp + 1 });
            visited.insert(s + d2);
        }
 
        if (visited.find(s - d1) == visited.end()) {
            q.push({ s - d1, stp + 1 });
            visited.insert(s - d1);
        }
        if (visited.find(s - d2) == visited.end()) {
            q.push({ s - d2, stp + 1 });
            visited.insert(s - d2);
        }
    }
}
 
// Driver Code
int main()
{
    int k = 10, d1 = 4, d2 = 6, x = 8;
 
    cout << minStepsNeeded(k, d1, d2, x);
 
    return 0;
}


Java




// Java implementation of the approach
import java.util.*;
 
class GFG
{
static class pair
{
    int first, second;
    public pair(int first, int second)
    {
        this.first = first;
        this.second = second;
    }
}
static int __gcd(int a, int b)
{
    if (b == 0)
        return a;
    return __gcd(b, a % b);
     
}
// Function to perform BFS traversal to
// find minimum number of step needed
// to reach x from K
static int minStepsNeeded(int k, int d1,
                          int d2, int x)
{
    // Calculate GCD of d1 and d2
    int gcd = __gcd(d1, d2);
 
    // If position is not reachable
    // return -1
    if ((k - x) % gcd != 0)
        return -1;
 
    // Queue for BFS
    Queue<pair> q = new LinkedList<>();
 
    // Hash Table for marking
    // visited positions
    HashSet<Integer> visited = new HashSet<>();
 
    // we need 0 steps to reach K
    q.add(new pair(k, 0 ));
 
    // Mark starting position
    // as visited
    visited.add(k);
 
    while (!q.isEmpty())
    {
        int s = q.peek().first;
 
        // stp is the number of steps
        // to reach position s
        int stp = q.peek().second;
 
        if (s == x)
            return stp;
 
        q.remove();
 
        if (!visited.contains(s + d1))
        {
 
            // if position not visited
            // add to queue and mark visited
            q.add(new pair(s + d1, stp + 1));
 
            visited.add(s + d1);
        }
 
        if (visited.contains(s + d2))
        {
            q.add(new pair(s + d2, stp + 1));
            visited.add(s + d2);
        }
 
        if (!visited.contains(s - d1))
        {
            q.add(new pair(s - d1, stp + 1));
            visited.add(s - d1);
        }
        if (!visited.contains(s - d2))
        {
            q.add(new pair(s - d2, stp + 1));
            visited.add(s - d2);
        }
    }
    return Integer.MIN_VALUE;
}
 
// Driver Code
public static void main(String[] args)
{
    int k = 10, d1 = 4, d2 = 6, x = 8;
 
    System.out.println(minStepsNeeded(k, d1, d2, x));
}
}
 
// This code is contributed by 29AjayKumar


Python3




# Python3 implementation of the approach
from math import gcd as __gcd
from collections import deque as queue
 
# Function to perform BFS traversal to
# find minimum number of step needed
# to reach x from K
def minStepsNeeded(k, d1, d2, x):
     
    # Calculate GCD of d1 and d2
    gcd = __gcd(d1, d2)
 
    # If position is not reachable
    # return -1
    if ((k - x) % gcd != 0):
        return -1
 
    # Queue for BFS
    q = queue()
 
    # Hash Table for marking
    # visited positions
    visited = dict()
 
    # we need 0 steps to reach K
    q.appendleft([k, 0])
 
    # Mark starting position
    # as visited
    visited[k] = 1
 
    while (len(q) > 0):
 
        sr = q.pop()
        s, stp = sr[0], sr[1]
 
        # stp is the number of steps
        # to reach position s
        if (s == x):
            return stp
 
        if (s + d1 not in visited):
 
            # if position not visited
            # add to queue and mark visited
            q.appendleft([(s + d1), stp + 1])
 
            visited[(s + d1)] = 1
 
        if (s + d2 not in visited):
            q.appendleft([(s + d2), stp + 1])
            visited[(s + d2)] = 1
 
        if (s - d1 not in visited):
            q.appendleft([(s - d1), stp + 1])
            visited[(s - d1)] = 1
 
        if (s - d2 not in visited):
            q.appendleft([(s - d2), stp + 1])
            visited[(s - d2)] = 1
 
# Driver Code
k = 10
d1 = 4
d2 = 6
x = 8
 
print(minStepsNeeded(k, d1, d2, x))
 
# This code is contributed by Mohit Kumar


C#




// C# implementation of the approach
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;            
     
class GFG
{
public class pair
{
    public int first, second;
    public pair(int first, int second)
    {
        this.first = first;
        this.second = second;
    }
}
 
static int __gcd(int a, int b)
{
    if (b == 0)
        return a;
    return __gcd(b, a % b);
     
}
 
// Function to perform BFS traversal to
// find minimum number of step needed
// to reach x from K
static int minStepsNeeded(int k, int d1,
                          int d2, int x)
{
    // Calculate GCD of d1 and d2
    int gcd = __gcd(d1, d2);
 
    // If position is not reachable
    // return -1
    if ((k - x) % gcd != 0)
        return -1;
 
    // Queue for BFS
    Queue<pair> q = new Queue<pair>();
 
    // Hash Table for marking
    // visited positions
    HashSet<int> visited = new HashSet<int>();
 
    // we need 0 steps to reach K
    q.Enqueue(new pair(k, 0));
 
    // Mark starting position
    // as visited
    visited.Add(k);
 
    while (q.Count != 0)
    {
        int s = q.Peek().first;
 
        // stp is the number of steps
        // to reach position s
        int stp = q.Peek().second;
 
        if (s == x)
            return stp;
 
        q.Dequeue();
 
        if (!visited.Contains(s + d1))
        {
 
            // if position not visited
            // add to queue and mark visited
            q.Enqueue(new pair(s + d1, stp + 1));
 
            visited.Add(s + d1);
        }
 
        if (!visited.Contains(s + d2))
        {
            q.Enqueue(new pair(s + d2, stp + 1));
            visited.Add(s + d2);
        }
 
        if (!visited.Contains(s - d1))
        {
            q.Enqueue(new pair(s - d1, stp + 1));
            visited.Add(s - d1);
        }
        if (!visited.Contains(s - d2))
        {
            q.Enqueue(new pair(s - d2, stp + 1));
            visited.Add(s - d2);
        }
    }
    return int.MinValue;
}
 
// Driver Code
public static void Main(String[] args)
{
    int k = 10, d1 = 4, d2 = 6, x = 8;
 
    Console.WriteLine(minStepsNeeded(k, d1, d2, x));
}
}
 
// This code is contributed by PrinciRaj1992


Javascript




<script>
 
// JavaScript implementation of the approach
 
function __gcd(a,b)
{
    if (b == 0)
        return a;
    return __gcd(b, a % b);
}
 
// Function to perform BFS traversal to
// find minimum number of step needed
// to reach x from K
function minStepsNeeded(k,d1,d2,x)
{
    // Calculate GCD of d1 and d2
    let gcd = __gcd(d1, d2);
   
    // If position is not reachable
    // return -1
    if ((k - x) % gcd != 0)
        return -1;
   
    // Queue for BFS
    let q = [];
   
    // Hash Table for marking
    // visited positions
    let visited = new Set();
   
    // we need 0 steps to reach K
    q.push([k, 0 ]);
   
    // Mark starting position
    // as visited
    visited.add(k);
   
    while (q.length!=0)
    {
        let s = q[0][0];
   
        // stp is the number of steps
        // to reach position s
        let stp = q[0][1];
   
        if (s == x)
            return stp;
   
        q.shift();
   
        if (!visited.has(s + d1))
        {
   
            // if position not visited
            // add to queue and mark visited
            q.push([s + d1, stp + 1]);
   
            visited.add(s + d1);
        }
   
        if (!visited.has(s + d2))
        {
            q.push([s + d2, stp + 1]);
            visited.add(s + d2);
        }
   
        if (!visited.has(s - d1))
        {
            q.push([s - d1, stp + 1]);
            visited.add(s - d1);
        }
        if (!visited.has(s - d2))
        {
            q.push([s - d2, stp + 1]);
            visited.add(s - d2);
        }
    }
    return Number.MIN_VALUE;
}
 
// Driver Code
let k = 10, d1 = 4, d2 = 6, x = 8;
document.write(minStepsNeeded(k, d1, d2, x));
 
 
// This code is contributed by patel2127
 
</script>


Output

2

Complexity Analysis:

  • Time Complexity:  O(|k-x|) 
  • Auxiliary Space: O(|k-x|)


Last Updated : 16 Sep, 2022
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