Check if given Preorder, Inorder and Postorder traversals are of same tree

Given Preorder, Inorder and Postorder traversals of some tree. The task is to check if they all are of the same tree.

Examples:

Input : Inorder -> 4 2 5 1 3
        Preorder -> 1 2 4 5 3
        Postorder -> 4 5 2 3 1
Output : Yes
Exaplanation : All of the above three traversals are of 
the same tree.             1
                         /   \
                        2     3
                      /   \
                     4     5

Input : Inorder -> 4 2 5 1 3
        Preorder -> 1 5 4 2 3
        Postorder -> 4 1 2 3 5
Output : No

Recommended: Please try your approach on {IDE} first, before moving on to the solution.

We already have discussed an approach to solve the above problem by constructing a tree using any two traversals in the previous article.

In this article, an approach without using any extra space is discussed.

Approach:

Search for the first element of preorder array in the inorder array and store it’s index as idx, if it doesn’t exist then return False.
Everything from 0th index for inorder and postorder and from 1st index for preorder of length idx becomes left subtree for first element of the preorder array.
Everything from position idx+1 for inorder and preorder and from idx for postorder of length (length-idx-1) becomes right subtree for first element of preorder array.
Repeat the steps 1 to 3 recursively until length of arrays become either 0 (in which case we
return true) or 1 (in which case we return True only if all three arrays are equal, else False).

Below is the implementation of the above approach:

C++

// C++ program to check if the given 
// three traversals are of the same 
// tree or not 
  
#include <bits/stdc++.h> 
using namespace std; 
  
// Function to check if traversals are 
// of the same tree 
int checktree(int preorder[], int inorder[], 
              int postorder[], int len) 
{ 
  
    // if the array lengths are 0, 
    // then all of them are obviously equal 
    if (len == 0) 
        return 1; 
  
    // if array lengths are 1, 
    // then check if all of them are equal 
    if (len == 1) 
        return (preorder[0] == inorder[0]) 
               && (inorder[0] == postorder[0]); 
  
    // search for first element of preorder 
    // in inorder array 
    int idx = -1; 
    for (int i = 0; i < len; ++i) 
        if (inorder[i] == preorder[0]) { 
            idx = i; 
            break; 
        } 
  
    if (idx == -1) 
        return 0; 
  
    // check for the left subtree 
    int ret1 = checktree(preorder + 1, inorder, 
                         postorder, idx); 
  
    // check for the right subtree 
    int ret2 = checktree(preorder + idx + 1, inorder + idx + 1, 
                         postorder + idx, len - idx - 1); 
  
    // return 1 only if both of them are 
    // correct else 0 
    return (ret1 && ret2); 
} 
  
// Driver Code 
int main() 
{ 
    // Traversal Arrays 
    int inorder[] = { 4, 2, 5, 1, 3 }; 
    int preorder[] = { 1, 2, 4, 5, 3 }; 
    int postorder[] = { 4, 5, 2, 3, 1 }; 
    int len1 = sizeof(inorder) / sizeof(inorder[0]); 
    int len2 = sizeof(preorder) / sizeof(preorder[0]); 
    int len3 = sizeof(postorder) / sizeof(postorder[0]); 
  
    // Check if all the array lengths are equal 
    if ((len1 == len2) && (len2 == len3)) { 
  
        bool res = checktree(preorder, inorder, 
                             postorder, len1); 
  
        (res) ? cout << "Yes" : cout << "No"; 
    } 
    else
        cout << "No\n"; 
  
    return 0; 
} 

Java

// Java program to check if the given 
// three traversals are of the same 
// tree or not 
class GFG 
{ 
  
// Function to check if traversals are 
// of the same tree 
static boolean checktree(int preorder[],int s, 
                        int inorder[],int s1, 
                        int postorder[],int s2, int len) 
{ 
  
    // if the array lengths are 0, 
    // then all of them are obviously equal 
    if (len == 0) 
        return true; 
  
    // if array lengths are 1, 
    // then check if all of them are equal 
    if (len == 1) 
        return ((preorder[s] == inorder[s1]) 
            && (inorder[s1] == postorder[s2])); 
  
    // search for first element of preorder 
    // in inorder array 
    int idx = -1; 
    for (int i = s1; i < len; ++i) 
        if (inorder[i] == preorder[s])  
        { 
            idx = i; 
            break; 
        } 
  
    if (idx == -1) 
        return false; 
  
    // check for the left subtree 
    boolean ret1 = checktree(preorder ,s + 1,  
                    inorder,s1,postorder,s2, idx); 
  
    // check for the right subtree 
    boolean ret2 = checktree(preorder ,s + idx + 1,  
                                inorder ,s1+ idx + 1, 
                                postorder,s2 + idx, len - idx - 1); 
  
    // return 1 only if both of them are 
    // correct else 0 
    return (ret1 && ret2); 
} 
  
// Driver Code 
public static void main(String args[]) 
{ 
    // Traversal Arrays 
    int inorder[] = { 4, 2, 5, 1, 3 }; 
    int preorder[] = { 1, 2, 4, 5, 3 }; 
    int postorder[] = { 4, 5, 2, 3, 1 }; 
    int len1 = inorder.length; 
    int len2 = preorder.length; 
    int len3 = postorder.length; 
  
    // Check if all the array lengths are equal 
    if ((len1 == len2) && (len2 == len3))  
    { 
  
        boolean res = checktree(preorder, 0, inorder, 0, 
                            postorder, 0, len1); 
  
        System.out.print(( (res) ? "Yes" : "No")); 
    } 
    else
        System.out.print( "No\n"); 
} 
} 
  
// This code is contributed by Arnab Kundu 

Python

# Python program to check if the given  
# three traversals are of the same  
# tree or not 
  
# Function to check if all three traversals 
# are of the same tree 
def checktree(preorder, inorder, postorder, length): 
      
    # if the array lengths are 0,  
    # then all of them are obviously equal 
    if length == 0:  
        return 1
          
    # if array lengths are 1,  
    # then check if all of them are equal 
    if length == 1:  
        return (preorder[0] == inorder[0]) and (inorder[0] == postorder[0]); 
  
    # search for first element of preorder  
    # in inorder array 
    idx = -1; 
      
    for i in range(length): 
        if inorder[i] == preorder[0]: 
            idx = i 
            break
      
    if idx == -1: 
        return 0; 
      
    # check for the left subtree 
    ret1 = checktree(preorder[1:], inorder, postorder, idx); 
      
    # check for the right subtree      
    ret2 = checktree(preorder[idx + 1:], inorder[idx + 1:],  
                           postorder[idx:], length-idx-1); 
      
    # return 1 only if both of them are correct else 0 
    return (ret1 and ret2) 
  
# Driver Code 
if __name__ == "__main__": 
    inorder = [4, 2, 5, 1, 3]  
    preorder = [1, 2, 4, 5, 3]  
    postorder = [4, 5, 2, 3, 1] 
    len1 = len(inorder) 
    len2 = len(preorder) 
    len3 = len(postorder) 
  
    # check if all the array lengths are equal 
    if (len1 == len2) and (len2 == len3): 
        correct = checktree(preorder, inorder,  
                                postorder, len1) 
        if (correct):  
            print("Yes")  
        else:  
            print("No") 
    else: 
        print("No"); 

C#

// C# program to check if the given 
// three traversals are of the same 
// tree or not 
using System; 
  
class GFG 
{ 
      
// Function to check if traversals are 
// of the same tree 
static bool checktree(int []preorder,int s, 
                        int []inorder,int s1, 
                        int []postorder,int s2, int len) 
{ 
  
    // if the array lengths are 0, 
    // then all of them are obviously equal 
    if (len == 0) 
        return true; 
  
    // if array lengths are 1, 
    // then check if all of them are equal 
    if (len == 1) 
        return ((preorder[s] == inorder[s1]) 
            && (inorder[s1] == postorder[s2])); 
  
    // search for first element of preorder 
    // in inorder array 
    int idx = -1; 
    for (int i = s1; i < len; ++i) 
        if (inorder[i] == preorder[s])  
        { 
            idx = i; 
            break; 
        } 
  
    if (idx == -1) 
        return false; 
  
    // check for the left subtree 
    bool ret1 = checktree(preorder ,s + 1,  
                    inorder,s1,postorder,s2, idx); 
  
    // check for the right subtree 
    bool ret2 = checktree(preorder ,s + idx + 1,  
                                inorder ,s1+ idx + 1, 
                                postorder,s2 + idx, len - idx - 1); 
  
    // return 1 only if both of them are 
    // correct else 0 
    return (ret1 && ret2); 
} 
  
// Driver Code 
static public void Main () 
{ 
    // Traversal Arrays 
    int []inorder = { 4, 2, 5, 1, 3 }; 
    int []preorder = { 1, 2, 4, 5, 3 }; 
    int []postorder = { 4, 5, 2, 3, 1 }; 
    int len1 = inorder.Length; 
    int len2 = preorder.Length; 
    int len3 = postorder.Length; 
      
    // Check if all the array lengths are equal 
    if ((len1 == len2) && (len2 == len3))  
    { 
      
        bool res = checktree(preorder, 0, inorder, 0, 
                            postorder, 0, len1); 
      
        Console.Write(( (res) ? "Yes" : "No")); 
    } 
    else
        Console.Write( "No\n"); 
} 
} 
  
 // This code is contributed by ajit 

PHP

<?php 
// PHP program to check if the given  
// three traversals are of the same  
// tree or not  
  
  
// Function to check if traversals are  
// of the same tree  
function checktree($preorder, $inorder,  
                $postorder, $len)  
{  
  
    // if the array lengths are 0,  
    // then all of them are obviously equal  
    if ($len == 0)  
        return 1;  
  
    // if array lengths are 1,  
    // then check if all of them are equal  
    if ($len == 1)  
        return ($preorder[0] == $inorder[0])  
            && ($inorder[0] == $postorder[0]);  
  
    // search for first element of preorder  
    // in inorder array  
    $idx = -1;  
    for ($i = 0; $i < $len; ++$i)  
        if ($inorder[$i] == $preorder[0])  
        {  
            $idx = $i;  
            break;  
        }  
  
    if ($idx == -1)  
        return 0;  
  
    // check for the left subtree  
    $ret1 = checktree(array_slice($preorder,1), $inorder,  
                        $postorder, $idx);  
  
    // check for the right subtree  
    $ret2 = checktree(array_slice($preorder,$idx + 1), 
                        array_slice($inorder,$idx + 1),  
                        array_slice($postorder,$idx), $len - $idx - 1);  
  
    // return 1 only if both of them are  
    // correct else 0  
    return ($ret1 && $ret2);  
}  
  
    // Driver Code  
      
    // Traversal Arrays  
    $inorder = array( 4, 2, 5, 1, 3 );  
    $preorder = array( 1, 2, 4, 5, 3 );  
    $postorder = array( 4, 5, 2, 3, 1 );  
    $len1 = count($inorder) ;  
    $len2 = count($preorder) ;  
    $len3 = count($postorder) ;  
  
    // Check if all the array lengths are equal  
    if (($len1 == $len2) && ($len2 == $len3)) 
    {  
  
        $res = checktree($preorder, $inorder,  
                            $postorder, $len1);  
  
        if($res)  
            echo "Yes"; 
        else
            echo "No";  
    }  
    else
        echo "No\n";  
          
    // This code is contributed by AnkitRai01 
?> 

Output:

Yes

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My Personal Notes

Check if given Preorder, Inorder and Postorder traversals are of same tree | Set 2

Recommended: Please try your approach on {IDE} first, before moving on to the solution.

C++

Java

Python

C#

PHP

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