Check if frequency of all characters can become same by one removal

Given a string which contains lower alphabetic characters, we need to remove at most one character from this string in such a way that frequency of each distinct character becomes same in the string.

Examples:

Input: str = “xyyz”
Output: Yes
We can remove character ’y’ from above
string to make the frequency of each
character same.

Input: str = “xyyzz”
Output: Yes
We can remove character ‘x’ from above
string to make the frequency of each
character same.

Input: str = “xxxxyyzz”
Output: No
It is not possible to make frequency of
each character same just by removing at
most one character from above string.

Recommended: Please solve it on “PRACTICE” first, before moving on to the solution.

Approach: The problem can be solved using the concept of hashing. The main thing to observe in this problem is that the position of characters does not matter here so we will count the frequency of characters, if all of them are the same then we are done and there is no need to remove any character to make frequency of characters same Otherwise we can iterate over all characters one by one and decrease their frequency by one, if all frequencies become same then we will flag that it is possible to make character frequency same by at most one removal and if frequencies don’t match then we will increase that frequency again and loop for other characters.

Below is a dry run of the above approach:

Below is the implementation of the above approach:

C++

// C++ program to get same frequency character 
// string by removal of at most one char 
#include <bits/stdc++.h> 
using namespace std; 
#define M 26 
  
// Utility method to get index of character ch 
// in lower alphabet characters 
int getIdx(char ch) 
{ 
    return (ch - 'a'); 
} 
  
// Returns true if all non-zero elements 
// values are same 
bool allSame(int freq[], int N) 
{ 
    int same; 
  
    // get first non-zero element 
    int i; 
    for (i = 0; i < N; i++) { 
        if (freq[i] > 0) { 
            same = freq[i]; 
            break; 
        } 
    } 
  
    // check equality of each element with variable same 
    for (int j = i + 1; j < N; j++) 
        if (freq[j] > 0 && freq[j] != same) 
            return false; 
  
    return true; 
} 
  
// Returns true if we can make all character 
// frequencies same 
bool possibleSameCharFreqByOneRemoval(string str) 
{ 
    int l = str.length(); 
  
    // fill frequency array 
    int freq[M] = { 0 }; 
    for (int i = 0; i < l; i++) 
        freq[getIdx(str[i])]++; 
  
    // if all frequencies are same, then return true 
    if (allSame(freq, M)) 
        return true; 
  
    /*  Try decreasing frequency of all character 
        by one and then    check all equality of all 
        non-zero frequencies */
    for (char c = 'a'; c <= 'z'; c++) { 
        int i = getIdx(c); 
  
        // Check character only if it occurs in str 
        if (freq[i] > 0) { 
            freq[i]--; 
  
            if (allSame(freq, M)) 
                return true; 
            freq[i]++; 
        } 
    } 
  
    return false; 
} 
  
// Driver code to test above methods 
int main() 
{ 
    string str = "xyyzz"; 
    if (possibleSameCharFreqByOneRemoval(str)) 
        cout << "Yes"; 
    else
        cout << "No"; 
} 

Java

// Java program to get same frequency character 
// string by removal of at most one char 
public class GFG { 
  
    static final int M = 26; 
  
    // Utility method to get index of character ch 
    // in lower alphabet characters 
    static int getIdx(char ch) 
    { 
        return (ch - 'a'); 
    } 
  
    // Returns true if all non-zero elements 
    // values are same 
    static boolean allSame(int freq[], int N) 
    { 
        int same = 0; 
  
        // get first non-zero element 
        int i; 
        for (i = 0; i < N; i++) { 
            if (freq[i] > 0) { 
                same = freq[i]; 
                break; 
            } 
        } 
  
        // check equality of each element with 
        // variable same 
        for (int j = i + 1; j < N; j++) 
            if (freq[j] > 0 && freq[j] != same) 
                return false; 
  
        return true; 
    } 
  
    // Returns true if we can make all character 
    // frequencies same 
    static boolean possibleSameCharFreqByOneRemoval(String str) 
    { 
        int l = str.length(); 
  
        // fill frequency array 
        int[] freq = new int[M]; 
  
        for (int i = 0; i < l; i++) 
            freq[getIdx(str.charAt(i))]++; 
  
        // if all frequencies are same, then return true 
        if (allSame(freq, M)) 
            return true; 
  
        /*  Try decreasing frequency of all character 
            by one and then check all equality of all 
            non-zero frequencies */
        for (char c = 'a'; c <= 'z'; c++) { 
            int i = getIdx(c); 
  
            // Check character only if it occurs in str 
            if (freq[i] > 0) { 
                freq[i]--; 
  
                if (allSame(freq, M)) 
                    return true; 
                freq[i]++; 
            } 
        } 
  
        return false; 
    } 
  
    // Driver code to test above methods 
    public static void main(String args[]) 
    { 
        String str = "xyyzz"; 
        if (possibleSameCharFreqByOneRemoval(str)) 
            System.out.println("Yes"); 
        else
            System.out.println("No"); 
    } 
} 
// This code is contributed by Sumit Ghosh 

Python 3

# Python3 program to get same frequency character  
# string by removal of at most one char 
M = 26
  
# Utility method to get index of character ch  
# in lower alphabet characters  
def getIdx(ch): 
    return (ord(ch) - ord('a')) 
  
# Returns true if all non-zero elements  
# values are same  
def allSame(freq, N): 
      
    # get first non-zero element  
    for i in range(0, N): 
        if(freq[i] > 0): 
            same = freq[i] 
            break
          
    # check equality of each element  
    # with variable same      
    for j in range(i + 1, N): 
        if(freq[j] > 0 and freq[j] != same): 
            return False
  
    return True
  
# Returns true if we can make all  
# character frequencies same  
def possibleSameCharFreqByOneRemoval(str1): 
    l = len(str1) 
  
    # fill frequency array 
    freq = [0] * M 
    for i in range(0, l): 
        freq[getIdx(str1[i])] += 1
          
    # if all frequencies are same,  
    # then return true  
    if(allSame(freq, M)): 
        return True
      
    # Try decreasing frequency of all character  
    # by one and then check all equality of all  
    # non-zero frequencies  
    for i in range(0, 26): 
          
        # Check character only if it  
        # occurs in str  
        if(freq[i] > 0): 
            freq[i] -= 1
  
            if(allSame(freq, M)): 
                return True
            freq[i] += 1
  
    return False
  
# Driver code 
if __name__ == "__main__": 
    str1 = "xyyzz"
    if(possibleSameCharFreqByOneRemoval(str1)): 
        print("Yes") 
    else: 
        print("No") 
  
# This code is contributed by Sairahul099 

C#

// C# program to get same frequency 
// character string by removal of 
// at most one char 
using System; 
  
class GFG { 
    static int M = 26; 
  
    // Utility method to get 
    // index of character ch 
    // in lower alphabet characters 
    static int getIdx(char ch) 
    { 
        return (ch - 'a'); 
    } 
  
    // Returns true if all 
    // non-zero elements 
    // values are same 
    static bool allSame(int[] freq, 
                        int N) 
    { 
        int same = 0; 
  
        // get first non-zero element 
        int i; 
        for (i = 0; i < N; i++) { 
            if (freq[i] > 0) { 
                same = freq[i]; 
                break; 
            } 
        } 
  
        // check equality of 
        // each element with 
        // variable same 
        for (int j = i + 1; j < N; j++) 
            if (freq[j] > 0 && freq[j] != same) 
                return false; 
  
        return true; 
    } 
  
    // Returns true if we 
    // can make all character 
    // frequencies same 
    static bool possibleSameCharFreqByOneRemoval(string str) 
    { 
        int l = str.Length; 
  
        // fill frequency array 
        int[] freq = new int[M]; 
  
        for (int i = 0; i < l; i++) 
            freq[getIdx(str[i])]++; 
  
        // if all frequencies are same, 
        // then return true 
        if (allSame(freq, M)) 
            return true; 
  
        /* Try decreasing frequency of all  
            character by one and then check  
            all equality of all non-zero  
            frequencies */
        for (char c = 'a'; c <= 'z'; c++) { 
            int i = getIdx(c); 
  
            // Check character only if 
            // it occurs in str 
            if (freq[i] > 0) { 
                freq[i]--; 
  
                if (allSame(freq, M)) 
                    return true; 
                freq[i]++; 
            } 
        } 
  
        return false; 
    } 
  
    // Driver code 
    public static void Main() 
    { 
        string str = "xyyzz"; 
        if (possibleSameCharFreqByOneRemoval(str)) 
            Console.Write("Yes"); 
        else
            Console.Write("No"); 
    } 
} 
  
// This code is contributed 
// by ChitraNayal 

PHP

<?php  
// PHP program to get same frequency  
// character string by removal of at  
// most one char 
$M = 26; 
  
// Utility method to get index  
// of character ch in lower  
// alphabet characters 
function getIdx($ch) 
{ 
    return ($ch - 'a'); 
} 
  
// Returns true if all  
// non-zero elements 
// values are same 
function allSame(&$freq, $N) 
{ 
    // get first non-zero element 
    for ($i = 0; $i < $N; $i++) 
    { 
        if ($freq[$i] > 0) 
        { 
            $same = $freq[$i]; 
            break; 
        } 
    } 
  
    // check equality of each 
    // element with variable same 
    for ($j = $i + 1; $j < $N; $j++) 
        if ($freq[$j] > 0 &&  
            $freq[$j] != $same) 
            return false; 
  
    return true; 
} 
  
// Returns true if we 
// can make all character 
// frequencies same 
function possibleSameCharFreqByOneRemoval($str) 
{ 
    global $M; 
    $l = strlen($str); 
  
    // fill frequency array 
    $freq = array_fill(0, $M, NULL); 
    for ($i = 0; $i < $l; $i++) 
        $freq[getIdx($str[$i])]++; 
  
    // if all frequencies are same,  
    // then return true 
    if (allSame($freq, $M)) 
        return true; 
  
    /* Try decreasing frequency of all  
        character by one and then check  
        all equality of all non-zero  
        frequencies */
    for ($c = 'a'; $c <= 'z'; $c++) 
    { 
        $i = getIdx($c); 
  
        // Check character only  
        // if it occurs in str 
        if ($freq[$i] > 0) 
        { 
            $freq[$i]--; 
  
            if (allSame($freq, $M)) 
                return true; 
            $freq[$i]++; 
        } 
    } 
  
    return false; 
} 
  
// Driver code 
$str = "xyyzz"; 
if (possibleSameCharFreqByOneRemoval($str)) 
echo "Yes"; 
else
echo "No"; 
  
// This code is contributed  
// by ChitraNayal 
?> 

Output:

Yes

Time Complexity: O(n) assuming alphabet size is constant.

This article is contributed by Utkarsh Trivedi. If you like GeeksforGeeks and would like to contribute, you can also write an article using contribute.geeksforgeeks.org or mail your article to contribute@geeksforgeeks.org. See your article appearing on the GeeksforGeeks main page and help other Geeks.

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My Personal Notes

Recommended: Please solve it on “PRACTICE” first, before moving on to the solution.

C++

Java

Python 3

C#

PHP

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