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Check if a Sequence is a concatenation of two permutations

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Given an array arr containing positive integers, the task is to check if the given array arr is a concatenation of two permutations or not. A sequence of M integers is called a permutation if it contains all integers from 1 to M exactly once. 
Examples: 
 

Input: arr[] = {1, 2, 5, 3, 4, 1, 1} 
Output: No 
Explanation: 
Given array contains 1 thrice. The first 5 elements form a permutation of length 5, but the remaining 2 elements do not form a permutation.
Input: arr[] = {1, 2, 5, 3, 4, 1, 2} 
Output: Yes 
Explanation: 
Given array arr[] = {1, 2, 5, 3, 4} + {1, 2} 
The first 5 elements form a permutation of length 5 and the remaining 2 elements form a permutation of length 2. 
 

 

Approach: 
 

  1. Traverse through the given array and calculate the sum of all the elements.
  2. Form a prefix array containing the prefix sum.
  3. Now, for each index in range [1, N) 
    • Check if the elements, from start to current index, form a permutation, using the below condition:
Sum of K elements = Sum of K natural numbers

where K is the current index
  • Then check the remaining elements forms a permutation.
  • If yes, then we print/return Yes.

Below is the implementation of the above approach: 
 

C++




// C++ program to check if a given sequence
// is a concatenation of two permutations or not
 
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
 
// Function to Check if a given sequence
// is a concatenation of two permutations or not
bool checkPermutation(int arr[], int n)
{
    // Computing the sum of all the
    // elements in the array
    long long sum = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
        sum += arr[i];
 
    // Computing the prefix sum
    // for all the elements in the array
    long long prefix[n + 1] = { 0 };
    prefix[0] = arr[0];
    for (int i = 1; i < n; i++)
        prefix[i] = prefix[i - 1] + arr[i];
 
    // Iterating through the i
    // from lengths 1 to n-1
    for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) {
 
        // Sum of first i+1 elements
        long long lsum = prefix[i];
 
        // Sum of remaining n-i-1 elements
        long long rsum = sum - prefix[i];
 
        // Lengths of the 2 permutations
        long long l_len = i + 1,
                  r_len = n - i - 1;
 
        // Checking if the sums
        // satisfy the formula or not
        if (((2 * lsum)
             == (l_len * (l_len + 1)))
            && ((2 * rsum)
                == (r_len * (r_len + 1))))
            return true;
    }
 
    return false;
}
 
// Driver code
int main()
{
    int arr[] = { 1, 2, 5, 3, 4, 1, 2 };
    int n = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(int);
 
    if (checkPermutation(arr, n))
        cout << "Yes\n";
    else
        cout << "No\n";
 
    return 0;
}


Java




// Java program to check if a given sequence
// is a concatenation of two permutations or not
import java.util.*;
 
class GFG{
 
// Function to Check if a given sequence
// is a concatenation of two permutations or not
static boolean checkPermutation(int []arr, int n)
{
    // Computing the sum of all the
    // elements in the array
    int sum = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
        sum += arr[i];
 
    // Computing the prefix sum
    // for all the elements in the array
    int []prefix = new int[n + 1];
    Arrays.fill(prefix,0);
    prefix[0] = arr[0];
    for (int i = 1; i < n; i++)
        prefix[i] = prefix[i - 1] + arr[i];
 
    // Iterating through the i
    // from lengths 1 to n-1
    for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) {
 
        // Sum of first i+1 elements
        int lsum = prefix[i];
 
        // Sum of remaining n-i-1 elements
        int rsum = sum - prefix[i];
 
        // Lengths of the 2 permutations
        int l_len = i + 1,
                r_len = n - i - 1;
 
        // Checking if the sums
        // satisfy the formula or not
        if (((2 * lsum)
            == (l_len * (l_len + 1)))
            && ((2 * rsum)
                == (r_len * (r_len + 1))))
            return true;
    }
 
    return false;
}
 
// Driver code
public static void main(String args[])
{
    int []arr = { 1, 2, 5, 3, 4, 1, 2 };
    int n = arr.length;
 
    if (checkPermutation(arr, n))
        System.out.println("Yes");
    else
        System.out.println("No");
 
}
}
 
// This code is contributed by Surendra_Gangwar


Python3




# Python program to check if a given sequence
# is a concatenation of two permutations or not
 
# Function to Check if a given sequence
# is a concatenation of two permutations or not
def checkPermutation(arr, n):
     
    # Computing the sum of all the
    # elements in the array
    sum = 0;
    for i in range(n):
        sum += arr[i];
 
    # Computing the prefix sum
    # for all the elements in the array
    prefix = [0]*(n + 1);
    prefix[0] = arr[0];
    for i in range(n):
        prefix[i] = prefix[i - 1] + arr[i];
 
    # Iterating through the i
    # from lengths 1 to n-1
    for i in range(n - 1):
 
        # Sum of first i+1 elements
        lsum = prefix[i];
 
        # Sum of remaining n-i-1 elements
        rsum = sum - prefix[i];
 
        # Lengths of the 2 permutations
        l_len = i + 1
        r_len = n - i - 1;
 
        # Checking if the sums
        # satisfy the formula or not
        if (((2 * lsum)== (l_len * (l_len + 1))) and
            ((2 * rsum)== (r_len * (r_len + 1)))):
            return True;
     
    return False;
 
# Driver code
if __name__=='__main__':
 
    arr = [ 1, 2, 5, 3, 4, 1, 2 ]
    n = len(arr)
 
    if (checkPermutation(arr, n)):
        print("Yes");
    else:
        print("No");
 
# This code is contributed by Princi Singh


C#




// C# program to check if a given sequence
// is a concatenation of two permutations or not
using System;
 
class GFG{
  
// Function to Check if a given sequence
// is a concatenation of two permutations or not
static bool checkPermutation(int []arr, int n)
{
    // Computing the sum of all the
    // elements in the array
    int sum = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
        sum += arr[i];
  
    // Computing the prefix sum
    // for all the elements in the array
    int []prefix = new int[n + 1];
    prefix[0] = arr[0];
    for (int i = 1; i < n; i++)
        prefix[i] = prefix[i - 1] + arr[i];
  
    // Iterating through the i
    // from lengths 1 to n-1
    for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) {
  
        // Sum of first i+1 elements
        int lsum = prefix[i];
  
        // Sum of remaining n-i-1 elements
        int rsum = sum - prefix[i];
  
        // Lengths of the 2 permutations
        int l_len = i + 1,
                r_len = n - i - 1;
  
        // Checking if the sums
        // satisfy the formula or not
        if (((2 * lsum)
            == (l_len * (l_len + 1)))
            && ((2 * rsum)
                == (r_len * (r_len + 1))))
            return true;
    }
  
    return false;
}
  
// Driver code
public static void Main(String []args)
{
    int []arr = { 1, 2, 5, 3, 4, 1, 2 };
    int n = arr.Length;
  
    if (checkPermutation(arr, n))
        Console.WriteLine("Yes");
    else
        Console.WriteLine("No");
  
}
}
 
// This code is contributed by Rajput-Ji


Javascript




<script>
 
// JavaScript program to check if a given sequence
// is a concatenation of two permutations or not
 
// Function to Check if a given sequence
// is a concatenation of two permutations or not
function checkPermutation(arr, n)
{
    // Computing the sum of all the
    // elements in the array
    let sum = 0;
    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++)
        sum += arr[i];
   
    // Computing the prefix sum
    // for all the elements in the array
    let prefix = Array.from({length: n+1}, (_, i) => 0);
    prefix[0] = arr[0];
    for (let i = 1; i < n; i++)
        prefix[i] = prefix[i - 1] + arr[i];
   
    // Iterating through the i
    // from lengths 1 to n-1
    for (let i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) {
   
        // Sum of first i+1 elements
        let lsum = prefix[i];
   
        // Sum of remaining n-i-1 elements
        let rsum = sum - prefix[i];
   
        // Lengths of the 2 permutations
        let l_len = i + 1,
                r_len = n - i - 1;
   
        // Checking if the sums
        // satisfy the formula or not
        if (((2 * lsum)
            == (l_len * (l_len + 1)))
            && ((2 * rsum)
                == (r_len * (r_len + 1))))
            return true;
    }
   
    return false;
}
  
 
// Driver Code
     
        let arr = [ 1, 2, 5, 3, 4, 1, 2 ];
    let n = arr.length;
   
    if (checkPermutation(arr, n))
        document.write("Yes");
    else
        document.write("No");
                   
</script>


Output: 

Yes

 

Time Complexity: O(n)

Auxiliary Space: O(n)



Last Updated : 24 Nov, 2021
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