How to check if given four points form a square

Given coordinates of four points in a plane, find if the four points form a square or not.
To check for square, we need to check for following.
a) All fours sides formed by points are the same.
b) The angle between any two sides is 90 degree. (This condition is required as Quadrilateral also has same sides.
c) Check both the diagonals have the same distance

Recommended: Please solve it on “PRACTICE ” first, before moving on to the solution.

The idea is to pick any point and calculate its distance from the rest of the points. Let the picked point be ‘p’. To form a square, the distance of two points must be the same from ‘p’, let this distance be d. The distance from one point must be different from that d and must be equal to √2 times d. Let this point with different distance be ‘q’.
The above condition is not good enough as the point with different distance can be on the other side. We also need to check that q is at the same distance from 2 other points and this distance is the same as d.

Below are the implementations of the above idea.

C++

// A C++ program to check if four given points form a square or not. 
#include <iostream> 
using namespace std; 
  
// Structure of a point in 2D space 
struct Point { 
    int x, y; 
}; 
  
// A utility function to find square of distance 
// from point 'p' to point 'q' 
int distSq(Point p, Point q) 
{ 
    return (p.x - q.x) * (p.x - q.x) + (p.y - q.y) * (p.y - q.y); 
} 
  
// This function returns true if (p1, p2, p3, p4) form a 
// square, otherwise false 
bool isSquare(Point p1, Point p2, Point p3, Point p4) 
{ 
    int d2 = distSq(p1, p2); // from p1 to p2 
    int d3 = distSq(p1, p3); // from p1 to p3 
    int d4 = distSq(p1, p4); // from p1 to p4 
  
    if (d2 == 0 || d3 == 0 || d4 == 0)     
        return false; 
  
    // If lengths if (p1, p2) and (p1, p3) are same, then 
    // following conditions must met to form a square. 
    // 1) Square of length of (p1, p4) is same as twice 
    // the square of (p1, p2) 
    // 2) Square of length of (p2, p3) is same 
    // as twice the square of (p2, p4) 
  
    if (d2 == d3 && 2 * d2 == d4 
        && 2 * distSq(p2, p4) == distSq(p2, p3)) { 
        return true; 
    } 
  
    // The below two cases are similar to above case 
    if (d3 == d4 && 2 * d3 == d2 
        && 2 * distSq(p3, p2) == distSq(p3, p4)) { 
        return true; 
    } 
    if (d2 == d4 && 2 * d2 == d3 
        && 2 * distSq(p2, p3) == distSq(p2, p4)) { 
        return true; 
    } 
  
    return false; 
} 
  
// Driver program to test above function 
int main() 
{ 
    Point p1 = { 20, 10 }, p2 = { 10, 20 }, 
          p3 = { 20, 20 }, p4 = { 10, 10 }; 
    isSquare(p1, p2, p3, p4) ? cout << "Yes" : cout << "No"; 
    return 0; 
} 

Java

// A Java program to check if four given points form a square or not. 
  
class GFG 
{ 
  
// Structure of a point in 2D space 
static class Point  
{ 
    int x, y; 
  
        public Point(int x, int y)  
        { 
            this.x = x; 
            this.y = y; 
        } 
      
}; 
  
// A utility function to find square of distance 
// from point 'p' to point 'q' 
static int distSq(Point p, Point q) 
{ 
    return (p.x - q.x) * (p.x - q.x) + (p.y - q.y) * (p.y - q.y); 
} 
  
// This function returns true if (p1, p2, p3, p4) form a 
// square, otherwise false 
static boolean isSquare(Point p1, Point p2, Point p3, Point p4) 
{ 
    int d2 = distSq(p1, p2); // from p1 to p2 
    int d3 = distSq(p1, p3); // from p1 to p3 
    int d4 = distSq(p1, p4); // from p1 to p4 
  
    if (d2 == 0 || d3 == 0 || d4 == 0)     
        return false; 
  
    // If lengths if (p1, p2) and (p1, p3) are same, then 
    // following conditions must met to form a square. 
    // 1) Square of length of (p1, p4) is same as twice 
    // the square of (p1, p2) 
    // 2) Square of length of (p2, p3) is same 
    // as twice the square of (p2, p4) 
  
    if (d2 == d3 && 2 * d2 == d4 
        && 2 * distSq(p2, p4) == distSq(p2, p3)) 
    { 
        return true; 
    } 
  
    // The below two cases are similar to above case 
    if (d3 == d4 && 2 * d3 == d2 
        && 2 * distSq(p3, p2) == distSq(p3, p4))  
    { 
        return true; 
    } 
    if (d2 == d4 && 2 * d2 == d3 
        && 2 * distSq(p2, p3) == distSq(p2, p4)) 
    { 
        return true; 
    } 
  
    return false; 
} 
  
// Driver code 
public static void main(String[] args) 
{ 
    Point p1 = new Point(20, 10), p2 = new Point( 10, 20 ), 
        p3 = new Point(20, 20 ), p4 = new Point( 10, 10 ); 
    System.out.println(isSquare(p1, p2, p3, p4)==true ? "Yes" : "No"); 
} 
} 
  
// This code is contributed by PrinciRaj1992 

Python3

# A Python3 program to check if 
# four given points form a square or not. 
class Point: 
      
    # Structure of a point in 2D space 
    def __init__(self, x, y): 
        self.x = x 
        self.y = y 
  
# A utility function to find square of  
# distance from point 'p' to point 'q' 
def distSq(p, q): 
    return (p.x - q.x) * (p.x - q.x) +\ 
           (p.y - q.y) * (p.y - q.y) 
  
# This function returns true if (p1, p2, p3, p4)  
# form a square, otherwise false 
def isSquare(p1, p2, p3, p4): 
  
    d2 = distSq(p1, p2) # from p1 to p2 
    d3 = distSq(p1, p3) # from p1 to p3 
    d4 = distSq(p1, p4) # from p1 to p4 
  
    if d2 == 0 or d3 == 0 or d4 == 0:     
        return False
  
    # If lengths if (p1, p2) and (p1, p3) are same, then 
    # following conditions must be met to form a square. 
    # 1) Square of length of (p1, p4) is same as twice 
    # the square of (p1, p2) 
    # 2) Square of length of (p2, p3) is same 
    # as twice the square of (p2, p4) 
  
    if d2 == d3 and 2 * d2 == d4 and \ 
                    2 * distSq(p2, p4) == distSq(p2, p3): 
        return True
  
    # The below two cases are similar to above case 
    if d3 == d4 and 2 * d3 == d2 and \ 
                    2 * distSq(p3, p2) == distSq(p3, p4): 
        return True
  
    if d2 == d4 and 2 * d2 == d3 and \ 
                    2 * distSq(p2, p3) == distSq(p2, p4): 
        return True
  
    return False
  
# Driver Code 
if __name__=="__main__": 
    p1 = Point(20, 10) 
    p2 = Point(10, 20) 
    p3 = Point(20, 20) 
    p4 = Point(10, 10) 
      
    if isSquare(p1, p2, p3, p4): 
        print('Yes')  
    else: 
        print('No') 
  
# This code is contributed by Mayank Chaudhary 
# aka chaudhary_19 

C#

// A C# program to check if four given points form a square or not. 
using System; 
  
class GFG 
{ 
  
// Structure of a point in 2D space 
class Point  
{ 
    public int x, y; 
  
    public Point(int x, int y)  
    { 
        this.x = x; 
        this.y = y; 
    } 
      
}; 
  
// A utility function to find square of distance 
// from point 'p' to point 'q' 
static int distSq(Point p, Point q) 
{ 
    return (p.x - q.x) * (p.x - q.x) + (p.y - q.y) * (p.y - q.y); 
} 
  
// This function returns true if (p1, p2, p3, p4) form a 
// square, otherwise false 
static bool isSquare(Point p1, Point p2, Point p3, Point p4) 
{ 
    int d2 = distSq(p1, p2); // from p1 to p2 
    int d3 = distSq(p1, p3); // from p1 to p3 
    int d4 = distSq(p1, p4); // from p1 to p4 
  
    if (d2 == 0 || d3 == 0 || d4 == 0)     
        return false; 
  
    // If lengths if (p1, p2) and (p1, p3) are same, then 
    // following conditions must met to form a square. 
    // 1) Square of length of (p1, p4) is same as twice 
    // the square of (p1, p2) 
    // 2) Square of length of (p2, p3) is same 
    // as twice the square of (p2, p4) 
    if (d2 == d3 && 2 * d2 == d4 
        && 2 * distSq(p2, p4) == distSq(p2, p3)) 
    { 
        return true; 
    } 
  
    // The below two cases are similar to above case 
    if (d3 == d4 && 2 * d3 == d2 
        && 2 * distSq(p3, p2) == distSq(p3, p4))  
    { 
        return true; 
    } 
    if (d2 == d4 && 2 * d2 == d3 
        && 2 * distSq(p2, p3) == distSq(p2, p4)) 
    { 
        return true; 
    } 
    return false; 
} 
  
// Driver code 
public static void Main(String[] args) 
{ 
    Point p1 = new Point(20, 10), p2 = new Point(10, 20), 
        p3 = new Point(20, 20), p4 = new Point(10, 10); 
    Console.WriteLine(isSquare(p1, p2, p3, p4) == true ? "Yes" : "No"); 
} 
} 
  
// This code is contributed by 29AjayKumar 

Output:

Yes

Extended Problem:
Check if four segments form a rectangle

This article is contributed by Anuj. Please write comments if you find anything incorrect, or you want to share more information about the topic discussed above

Attention reader! Don’t stop learning now. Get hold of all the important DSA concepts with the DSA Self Paced Course at a student-friendly price and become industry ready.

My Personal Notes

Recommended: Please solve it on “PRACTICE ” first, before moving on to the solution.

C++

Java

Python3

C#

Recommended Posts: