Check if bitwise AND of any subset is power of two

Difficulty Level : Hard
Last Updated : 05 May, 2021

Given an array arr[] of n positive integers. The task is to check if there exist any subset of the array whose bitwise AND is a power of two (i.e 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, …).
Examples:

Input : n = 3, arr[] = { 12, 13, 7 }
Output : Yes
Subset { 12, 7 } has Biwise AND value 4, which 
is power of 2.

Input : n = 2, arr[] = { 10, 20 }
Output : No

Observe, for a number to be the power of 2, it should have only 1 set bit.
If n is 1, then we simply check if the number has the only single set bit.
For n is greater than one, our task becomes to choose those numbers from the array whose bitwise AND leads to an only single bit set number. To do so, we search a position, at which all elements in the set has a bit set at that position. For example, for set { 4 (100), 6 (110), 7 (111) }, at position 2 (from right to left, 0-based indexing) bit is set for all element. So, doing bitwise AND gives 4, which is a power of 2.
Below is the implementation of this approach:

C++

// CPP Program to check if Bitwise AND of any
// subset is power of two
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
 
const int NUM_BITS = 32;
 
// Check for power of 2 or not
bool isPowerOf2(int num)
{
    return (num && !(num & (num - 1)));
}
 
// Check if there exist a subset whose bitwise AND
// is power of 2.
bool checkSubsequence(int arr[], int n)
{
    // if there is only one element in the set.
    if (n == 1)
       return isPowerOf2(arr[0]);
 
    // Finding a number with all bit sets.
    int total = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < NUM_BITS; i++)
        total = total | (1 << i);
 
    // check all the positions at which the bit is set.
    for (int i = 0; i < NUM_BITS; i++) {
 
        int ans = total;
        for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
 
            // include all those elements whose
            // i-th bit is set
            if (arr[j] & (1 << i))
                ans = ans & arr[j];
        }
 
        // check for the set contains elements
        // make a power of 2 or not
        if (isPowerOf2(ans))
            return true;
    }
    return false;
}
 
// Driver Program
int main()
{
    int arr[] = { 12, 13, 7 };
    int n = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]);
    if (checkSubsequence(arr, n))
        printf("YES\n");
    else
        printf("NO\n");
    return 0;
}

Java

// Java Program to check if Bitwise AND of any
// subset is power of two
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
 
public class GFG {
      
    static int NUM_BITS = 32;
      
    // Check for power of 2 or not
    static boolean isPowerOf2(int num)
    {
        if(num != 0 && (num & (num - 1)) == 0)
            return true;
        return false;
    }
      
    // Check if there exist a
    // subset whose bitwise AND
    // is power of 2.
    static boolean checkSubsequence(int []arr, int n)
    {
          
        // if there is only one
        // element in the set.
        if (n == 1)
            return isPowerOf2(arr[0]);
      
        // Finding a number with
        // all bit sets.
        int total = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < NUM_BITS; i++)
            total = total | (1 << i);
      
        // check all the positions
        // at which the bit is set.
        for (int i = 0; i < NUM_BITS; i++)
        {
      
            int ans = total;
            for (int j = 0; j < n; j++)
            {
      
                // include all those
                // elements whose
                // i-th bit is set
                int p = arr[j] & (1 << i);
                if (p == 0)
                    ans = ans & arr[j];
            }
      
            // check for the set
            // contains elements
            // make a power of 2
            // or not
            if (isPowerOf2(ans))
                return true;
        }
        return false;
    }
      
    // Driver Code
    public static void main(String args[])
    {
        int []arr = {12, 13, 7};
        int n = arr.length;
        if (checkSubsequence(arr, n))
            System.out.println("YES");
        else
            System.out.println("NO");
    }
}
  
// This code is contributed by
// Manish Shaw (manishshaw1)

Python3

# Python3 Program to check if Bitwise AND of any
# subset is power of two
  
NUM_BITS = 32
  
# Check for power of 2 or not
def isPowerOf2(num):
    return (num and (num & (num - 1)) == 0)
  
# Check if there exist a subset whose bitwise AND
# is power of 2.
def checkSubsequence(arr, n):
 
    # if there is only one element in the set.
    if (n == 1):
        return isPowerOf2(arr[0])
  
    # Finding a number with all bit sets.
    total = 0
    for i in range(0, NUM_BITS):
        total = total | (1 << i)
  
    # check all the positions at which the bit is set.
    for i in range(0, NUM_BITS):
  
        ans = total
        for j in range(0, n):
 
            # include all those elements whose
            # i-th bit is set
            if (arr[j] & (1 << i)):
                ans = ans & arr[j]
  
        # check for the set contains elements
        # make a power of 2 or not
        if (isPowerOf2(ans)):
            return True
    return False
  
# Driver Program
arr = [ 12, 13, 7 ]
n = len(arr)
if (checkSubsequence(arr, n)):
    print ("YES\n")
else:
    print ("NO\n")
 
# This code is contributed by Manish Shaw
# (manishshaw1)

C#

// C# Program to check if Bitwise AND of any
// subset is power of two
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
 
class GFG {
     
    static int NUM_BITS = 32;
     
    // Check for power of 2 or not
    static bool isPowerOf2(int num)
    {
        if(num != 0 && (num & (num - 1)) == 0)
            return true;
        return false;
    }
     
    // Check if there exist a
    // subset whose bitwise AND
    // is power of 2.
    static bool checkSubsequence(int []arr, int n)
    {
         
        // if there is only one
        // element in the set.
        if (n == 1)
            return isPowerOf2(arr[0]);
     
        // Finding a number with
        // all bit sets.
        int total = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < NUM_BITS; i++)
            total = total | (1 << i);
     
        // check all the positions
        // at which the bit is set.
        for (int i = 0; i < NUM_BITS; i++)
        {
     
            int ans = total;
            for (int j = 0; j < n; j++)
            {
     
                // include all those
                // elements whose
                // i-th bit is set
                int p = arr[j] & (1 << i);
                if (p == 0)
                    ans = ans & arr[j];
            }
     
            // check for the set
            // contains elements
            // make a power of 2
            // or not
            if (isPowerOf2(ans))
                return true;
        }
        return false;
    }
     
    // Driver Code
    public static void Main()
    {
        int []arr = {12, 13, 7};
        int n = arr.Length;
        if (checkSubsequence(arr, n))
            Console.Write("YES\n");
        else
            Console.Write("NO\n");
    }
}
 
// This code is contributed by
// Manish Shaw (manishshaw1)

PHP

<?php
// PHP Program to check if
// Bitwise AND of any subset
// is power of two
 
// Check for power of 2 or not
function isPowerOf2($num)
{
    return ($num && !($num & ($num - 1)));
}
 
// Check if there exist a
// subset whose bitwise AND
// is power of 2.
function checkSubsequence($arr, $n)
{
    $NUM_BITS = 32;
     
    // if there is only one
    // element in the set.
    if ($n == 1)
    return isPowerOf2($arr[0]);
 
    // Finding a number with
    // all bit sets.
    $total = 0;
    for($i = 0; $i < $NUM_BITS; $i++)
        $total = $total | (1 << $i);
 
    // check all the positions at
    // which the bit is set.
    for($i = 0; $i < $NUM_BITS; $i++)
    {
 
        $ans = $total;
        for ($j = 0; $j < $n; $j++)
        {
 
            // include all those
            // elements whose
            // i-th bit is set
            if ($arr[$j] & (1 << $i))
                $ans = $ans & $arr[$j];
        }
 
        // check for the set
        // contains elements
        // make a power of 2 or not
        if (isPowerOf2($ans))
            return true;
    }
    return false;
}
 
    // Driver Code
    $arr= array(12, 13, 7);
    $n = sizeof($arr) / sizeof($arr[0]);
    if (checkSubsequence($arr, $n))
        echo "YES";
    else
        echo "NO";
 
// This code is contributed by mits
?>

Javascript

<script>
 
// Javascript Program to check if Bitwise AND of any
// subset is power of two
 
var NUM_BITS = 32;
 
// Check for power of 2 or not
function isPowerOf2(num)
{
    return (num && !(num & (num - 1)));
}
 
// Check if there exist a subset whose bitwise AND
// is power of 2.
function checkSubsequence(arr, n)
{
 
    // if there is only one element in the set.
    if (n == 1)
       return isPowerOf2(arr[0]);
 
    // Finding a number with all bit sets.
    var total = 0;
    for (var i = 0; i < NUM_BITS; i++)
        total = total | (1 << i);
 
    // check all the positions at which the bit is set.
    for (var i = 0; i < NUM_BITS; i++) {
 
        var ans = total;
        for (var j = 0; j < n; j++) {
 
            // include all those elements whose
            // i-th bit is set
            if (arr[j] & (1 << i))
                ans = ans & arr[j];
        }
 
        // check for the set contains elements
        // make a power of 2 or not
        if (isPowerOf2(ans))
            return true;
    }
    return false;
}
 
// Driver Program
var arr = [ 12, 13, 7 ];
var n = arr.length;
if (checkSubsequence(arr, n))
    document.write("YES<br>");
else
    document.write("NO<br>");
 
// This code is contributed by itsok.
</script>