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Characteristics of Real-time Systems

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Real-time System is a system that is put through real time which means response is obtained within a specified timing constraint or system meets the specified deadline.Real time system is of two types – Hard and Soft. Both are used in different cases. Hard real time systems are used where even the delay of some nano or micro seconds are not allowed. Soft real time systems provide some relaxation in time expression. 

Characteristics of Real-time System: 

Following are the some of the characteristics of Real-time System:

  1. Time Constraints: Time constraints related with real-time systems simply means that time interval allotted for the response of the ongoing program. This deadline means that the task should be completed within this time interval. Real-time system is responsible for the completion of all tasks within their time intervals.
  2. Correctness: Correctness is one of the prominent part of real-time systems. Real-time systems produce correct result within the given time interval. If the result is not obtained within the given time interval then also result is not considered correct. In real-time systems, correctness of result is to obtain correct result in time constraint.
  3. Embedded: All the real-time systems are embedded now-a-days. Embedded system means that combination of hardware and software designed for a specific purpose. Real-time systems collect the data from the environment and passes to other components of the system for processing.
  4. Safety: Safety is necessary for any system but real-time systems provide critical safety. Real-time systems also can perform for a long time without failures. It also recovers very soon when failure occurs in the system and it does not cause any harm to the data and information.
  5. Concurrency: Real-time systems are concurrent that means it can respond to a several number of processes at a time. There are several different tasks going on within the system and it responds accordingly to every task in short intervals. This makes the real-time systems concurrent systems.
  6. Distributed: In various real-time systems, all the components of the systems are connected in a distributed way. The real-time systems are connected in such a way that different components are at different geographical locations. Thus all the operations of real-time systems are operated in distributed ways.
  7. Stability: Even when the load is very heavy, real-time systems respond in the time constraint i.e. real-time systems does not delay the result of tasks even when there are several task going on a same time. This brings the stability in real-time systems.
  8. Fault tolerance: Real-time systems must be designed to tolerate and recover from faults or errors. The system should be able to detect errors and recover from them without affecting the system’s performance or output.
  9. Determinism: Real-time systems must exhibit deterministic behavior, which means that the system’s behavior must be predictable and repeatable for a given input. The system must always produce the same output for a given input, regardless of the load or other factors.
  10. Real-time communication: Real-time systems often require real-time communication between different components or devices. The system must ensure that communication is reliable, fast, and secure.
  11. Resource management: Real-time systems must manage their resources efficiently, including processing power, memory, and input/output devices. The system must ensure that resources are used optimally to meet the time constraints and produce correct results.
  12. Heterogeneous environment: Real-time systems may operate in a heterogeneous environment, where different components or devices have different characteristics or capabilities. The system must be designed to handle these differences and ensure that all components work together seamlessly.
  13. Scalability: Real-time systems must be scalable, which means that the system must be able to handle varying workloads and increase or decrease its resources as needed.
  14. Security: Real-time systems may handle sensitive data or operate in critical environments, which makes security a crucial aspect. The system must ensure that data is protected and access is restricted to authorized users only.

Last Updated : 15 Apr, 2023
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