Cause And Effect Reasoning Questions

Direction: In the following questions two sets of statements are given. There may be a relationship between cause and effect between the statements. The statements may have the same or have independent causes. This statement may be the independent cause of a relationship. After reading mark the answers as:

(A) If statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect.
(B) If statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect.
(C) If both statements I and II are independent causes.
(D) If both statements I and II are effects of independent causes and
(E)  If both statements I and II are effects of some common cause.

Que 1. Statements :

(I) For the previous few months, the cost of gasoline and diesel on the domestic market has not altered.
(II) In the past several months, there has been a significant increase in the price of crude oil on the global market.

Solution: The domestic market’s stagnating gasoline and diesel prices and the global market’s rise in those prices must be supported by independent causes.

Hence, the correct answer will be D.

Que 2. Statements :

(I) The government has set professional course costs that are significantly lower than those charged the previous year for those courses given by unaided institutions.
(II) The hefty tuition costs levied by the unassisted colleges sparked a serious uprising by the parents of prospective students last year.

Solution: The government intervened and fixed the prices at a more accessible level as a result of the parents’ protests about the institutions’ exorbitant rates.

Clearly, statement II is the cause, and statement I is its effect.

Hence, the correct answer is (B).

Que 3. Statements :

(I) A few tiny banks in the nation are now subject to regulations from the Reserve Bank of India.
(II) The smaller banks in India’s private and cooperative sectors are unable to compete with the larger ones in the public sector.

Solution: A crucial complication that the Reserve Bank must investigate in the small banks’ incapacity to compete with the larger ones and provide security and excellent customer service. I appears to be a corrective action for the same.

Here statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect.

Hence, the correct answer is (B),

Que 4. Statements:

(I) For the majority of the week, all the local schools had to be closed.
(II) Many parents have taken their kids out of the neighborhood schools.

Solution: The decision to close the schools for a week and the parent’s decision to withdraw their children from the neighborhood schools are independent concerns that must have been brought on by various individual causes. These are independent effects.

Hence, the correct answer is (D).

Que 5. Statements:

(I) Due to a rise in the demand for high-quality tea in the European market, India has increased the value of its tea exports this year over all previous years.
(II) In the previous two years, there has been an upsurge in the demand for coffee in the domestic market.

Solution: The two assertions cover two distinct generalized statistical results. These are independent effects.

Hence, the correct answer is (C).

Que 6. Statements: 

(I) In comparison to the previous year, there has been an exceptional rise in the number of young people without jobs.
(II) In response to a bank’s job announcement for a manager, several applicants submitted applications.

Solution: 

A rise in the number of young people without jobs would inevitably result in large crowds vying for a single opening.

Here, the statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect.

Hence, the correct answer is (A).

Que 7. Statements: 

(I) A trio of burglars was just apprehended by the police.
(II) The neighborhood’s civic organization has begun a nightly vigil.

Solution: 

Both statements are amply supported by a common cause, which is unmistakably a spike in thefts in the area. The burglars were caught by the police as they are responsible for the theft in the area and the neighborhood’s civic organization has planned to be vigilant and awaken during the night so this is the effect due to the cause of the theft. Therefore, both are the effect of a common cause.

Hence, the correct answer is (E).

Que 8. Statements: 

(I) The majority of college students voiced opposition to the college’s decision to separate from the university and become autonomous.
(II) The university’s administrators have stated that they are unable to give funds to the colleges that make up the university.

Solution: 

It is obvious that the university’s choice to deny the college grants must have caused the college’s power to become autonomous.

Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect.

Hence, the correct answer is (B).

Que 9. Statements: 

(I) For the past four years, the district’s literacy rate has been rising.
(II) The district administration organized a thorough training program for the volunteers working on the literacy campaign.

Solution:

Clearly, the district administration’s relentless efforts in this regard may be directly credited with the rise in the literacy rate.

Here, statement II is the cause, and statement I is its effect clearly.

Hence, the correct answer is (B).

Que 10. Statements:

(I) The Xth grade kids have been requested to attend special lessons that will be held on Sundays by the school administration.
(II) The parents of pupils in the X grade have stopped allowing their children to attend Sunday private lessons.

Solution:

It is fairly clear that the parents have told their children to attend special school-organized classes on Sundays instead of taking private lessons.

According to the above statement, it’s clear that statement I is the cause and statement is its effect.

Hence, the correct answer is (A).

Que 11. Statements:

(I) According to trade agreements with other nations, the government imported a lot of sugar.
(II) In recent months, sugar prices have dropped significantly in the domestic market.

Solution:

An increase in supply always leads to a reduction in prices. 

Clearly statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect.

Hence, the correct answer is (A).

Que 12. Statements:

(I) This year’s oil seed production was significantly lower.
(II) The government predicts a rise in the amount of imported edible oil.

Solution: 

Oil supply will inevitably decrease if oilseed production declines significantly, and oil imports are the only way to replenish the vital supply.

Clearly statement I is the cause and statement II is the effect.

Hence, the correct answer is (A).

Que 13. Statements:

(I) In order to cover the costs, private medical colleges have increased tuition by 200 percent this year over last year.
(II) Despite price increases, government medical colleges have not raised their tuition.

Solution: 

The increase in private college tuition and the lack of a similar increase in government colleges appear to be policy decisions made by the respective powerful boards at the two levels.

Here, statements I and II are independent of each other hence they are independent causes.

Hence, the correct answer is (C).

Que 14. Statements:

(I) Over the past few days, many residents of low-lying neighborhoods have been relocated to safer locations.
(II) The government has dispatched emergency supplies to the residents of the impacted districts.

Solution:

It is obvious that floods have happened in the area by the evacuation of low-lying areas and the rush of aid to the affected communities.

The statements, therefore, are effects of a common cause.

Hence, the correct answer is (E).

Que 15. Statements :

(I) The local body of the city wants to cut air pollution by 20% during the next two months.
(II) The city is experiencing an ongoing rise in asthma cases.

Solution:

The rise in asthma cases must have prompted the government to act to reduce the air pollution that causes the condition.

Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect.

Hence, the correct answer is (B).