toupper() function in R Language is used to convert the lowercase letters to uppercase.
Syntax: toupper(x)
Parameters:
x: character vector
Example:
# R program to illustrate # uppercase of vectors # Create example character string x <- "GeeksforGeeks" toupper(x) print(x) |
Output:
GEEKSFORGEEKS
Here in the above code we have converted a example vector of characters to uppercase characters.
tolower() Function
tolower() function is used to convert the uppercase letters to lowercase.
Syntax: tolower(x)
Parameters:
x: character vector
Example:
# R program to illustrate # uppercase of vectors # Create example character string x <- "GeeksforGeeks" tolower(x) print(x) |
Output:
geeksforgeeks
casefold() Function
casefold() function takes character vector and boolean value as argument. This boolean value decides the conversion to upper and lower case.
Syntax: casefold(x, upper)
Parameters:
x: Character Vector
upper: Boolean value for case conversion
Example 1:
# Create example character string x <- "GeeksforGeeks" # Convert to lower case letters x <- casefold(x, upper = FALSE) print(x) |
Output:
"geeksforgeeks"
Here in the above code, the boolean value for the upper is set to be FALSE to convert the character vector to lowercase.
Example 2:
# Create example character string x <- "GeeksforGeeks" # Convert to upper case letters casefold(x, upper = TRUE) print(x) |
Output:
"GEEKSFORGEEKS"
Here in the above code, the boolean value for the upper is set to be TRUE to convert the character vector to Uppercase.
cartr() Function
cartr() function is used when we have to make some characters to upper case and some to lower case.
Syntax: cartr(x, old, new)
Parameters:
x: character vector
old: a character string specifying the characters to be translated.
new: a character string specifying the translations
Example:
# Create example character string x <- "GeeksforGeeks" # Translate to upper and lower case chartr(old = "Geeks", new = "GeEkS", x) |
Output:
"GeEkSforGeeks"
Recommended Posts:
- Convert string from lowercase to uppercase in R programming - toupper() function
- Convert String from Uppercase to Lowercase in R programming - tolower() method
- Remove Leading whitespaces from a String in R Language - trimws() Function
- Rounding off values in R Language - round() Function
- Converting a List to Vector in R Language - unlist() Function
- Changing row and column values of a Matrix in R Language - sweep() function
- Getting Multiplication of the Objects passed as Arguments in R Language - prod() Function
- Convert elements of a Vector to Strings in R Language - toString() Function
- Calculate Square root of a number in R Language - sqrt() Function
- Modify values of a Data Frame in R Language - transform() Function
- Combine Vectors, Matrix or Data Frames by Rows in R Language - rbind() Function
- Get the natural logarithm of the beta value of Non-Negative numeric vectors in R Language - lbeta() Function
- Combine Vectors, Matrix or Data Frames by Columns in R Language - cbind() Function
- Difference Between C Language and LISP Language
- Generate a Vector of specified length with each element as a unique color on RB scale in RGB spectrum in R Language - cm.colors() Function
- Generate a Vector of specified length with each element as a unique color on RGB scale in R Language - topo.colors() Function
- Generate a Vector of specified length with each element as a unique color on RG scale in RGB spectrum in R Language - terrain.colors() Function
- Finding Day and Month on a Specific Date in R Language - weekday() and month() function
- Find Location and Character Vector of an Object with partial name in R Language - apropos() and find() Function
- Playing a beep Sound in R Language - beep() Function
If you like GeeksforGeeks and would like to contribute, you can also write an article using contribute.geeksforgeeks.org or mail your article to contribute@geeksforgeeks.org. See your article appearing on the GeeksforGeeks main page and help other Geeks.
Please Improve this article if you find anything incorrect by clicking on the "Improve Article" button below.
