c16rtomb() function in C/C++

The c16rtomb() is a built-in function in C/C++ which converts 16 bit character representation to a narrow multibyte character representation. It is defined within the uchar.h header file of C++.

Syntax:

size_t c16rtomb(char* s, char16_t c16, mbstate_t* p)

Parameters: The function accepts three mandatory parameters as shown below:

• s: specifies the string where the multibyte character is to be stored.
• c16: specifies the 16 bit character to convert.
• p: specifies the pointer to an mbstate_t object used when interpreting the multibyte string.

Return Value: The function returns two values as shown below:

• On success of the program, the function returns the number of bytes written to the character array pointed to by s.
• On failure, -1 is returned and EILSEQ is stored in err no.

Below programs illustrates the above function.

Program 1:

// C++ program to illustrate the
// c16rtomb () function on it's success
#include <iostream>
#include <uchar.h>
#include <wchar.h>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
    const char16_t str[] = u"Ishwar Gupta";
    char s[50];
    mbstate_t p{};
    size_t length;
    int j = 0;

    while (str[j]) {
        // initializing the function
        length = c16rtomb(s, str[j], &p);
        if ((length == 0) || (length > 50))
            break;
        for (int i = 0; i < length; ++i)
            cout << s[i];
        ++j;
    }

    return 0;
}

Output:

Ishwar Gupta

Program 2:

// C++ program to illustrate the
// c16rtomb () function on it's failure
#include <iostream>
#include <uchar.h>
#include <wchar.h>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
    const char16_t str[] = u"";
    char s[50];
    mbstate_t p{};
    size_t length;
    int j = 0;

    while (str[j]) {
        // initializing the function
        length = c16rtomb(s, str[j], &p);
        if ((length == 0) || (length > 50))
            break;
        for (int i = 0; i < length; ++i)
            cout << s[i];
        ++j;
    }

    return 0;
}

Output:

Note: There is no output in the above program since it is a case of failure.