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C Program for Reverse a linked list

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Given pointer to the head node of a linked list, the task is to reverse the linked list. We need to reverse the list by changing links between nodes. Examples:

Input : Head of following linked list  
       1->2->3->4->NULL
Output : Linked list should be changed to,
       4->3->2->1->NULL

Input : Head of following linked list  
       1->2->3->4->5->NULL
Output : Linked list should be changed to,
       5->4->3->2->1->NULL

Input : NULL
Output : NULL

Input  : 1->NULL
Output : 1->NULL

Iterative Method 

C




#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
 
/* Link list node */
struct Node
{
    int data;
    struct Node* next;
};
 
/* Function to reverse the linked list */
static void reverse(struct Node** head_ref)
{
    struct Node* prev   = NULL;
    struct Node* current = *head_ref;
    struct Node* next;
    while (current != NULL)
    {
        next  = current->next; 
        current->next = prev;  
        prev = current;
        current = next;
    }
    *head_ref = prev;
}
 
/* Function to push a node */
void push(struct Node** head_ref, int new_data)
{
    /* allocate node */
    struct Node* new_node =
            (struct Node*) malloc(sizeof(struct Node));
            
    /* put in the data  */
    new_node->data  = new_data;
                
    /* link the old list of the new node */
    new_node->next = (*head_ref);   
        
    /* move the head to point to the new node */
    (*head_ref)    = new_node;
}
 
/* Function to print linked list */
void printList(struct Node *head)
{
    struct Node *temp = head;
    while(temp != NULL)
    {
        printf("%d  ", temp->data);   
        temp = temp->next; 
    }
}   
 
/* Driver program to test above function*/
int main()
{
    /* Start with the empty list */
    struct Node* head = NULL;
   
     push(&head, 20);
     push(&head, 4);
     push(&head, 15);
     push(&head, 85);     
     
     printf("Given linked list\n");
     printList(head);   
     reverse(&head);                     
     printf("\nReversed Linked list \n");
     printList(head);   
     getchar();
}


Time Complexity: O(N), Traversing over the linked list of size N. 
Auxiliary Space: O(1)

Recursive Method: 

c




void recursiveReverse(struct Node** head_ref)
{
    struct Node* first;
    struct Node* rest;
      
    /* empty list */
    if (*head_ref == NULL)
       return;  
 
    /* suppose first = {1, 2, 3}, rest = {2, 3} */
    first = *head_ref; 
    rest  = first->next;
 
    /* List has only one node */
    if (rest == NULL)
       return;  
 
    /* reverse the rest list and put the first element at the end */
    recursiveReverse(&rest);
    first->next->next  = first; 
     
    /* tricky step -- see the diagram */
    first->next  = NULL;         
 
    /* fix the head pointer */
    *head_ref = rest;             
}


A Simpler and Tail Recursive Method 

C++




// A simple and tail recursive C++ program to reverse
// a linked list
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
 
struct Node
{
    int data;
    struct Node *next;
};
 
void reverseUtil(Node *curr, Node *prev, Node **head);
 
// This function mainly calls reverseUtil()
// with prev as NULL
void reverse(Node **head)
{
    if (!head)
        return;
    reverseUtil(*head, NULL, head);
}
 
// A simple and tail recursive function to reverse
// a linked list.  prev is passed as NULL initially.
void reverseUtil(Node *curr, Node *prev, Node **head)
{
    /* If last node mark it head*/
    if (!curr->next)
    {
        *head = curr;
 
        /* Update next to prev node */
        curr->next = prev;
        return;
    }
 
    /* Save curr->next node for recursive call */
    node *next = curr->next;
 
    /* and update next ..*/
    curr->next = prev;
 
    reverseUtil(next, curr, head);
}
 
// A utility function to create a new node
Node *newNode(int key)
{
    Node *temp = new Node;
    temp->data = key;
    temp->next = NULL;
    return temp;
}
 
// A utility function to print a linked list
void printlist(Node *head)
{
    while(head != NULL)
    {
        cout << head->data << " ";
        head = head->next;
    }
    cout << endl;
}
 
// Driver program to test above functions
int main()
{
    Node *head1 = newNode(1);
    head1->next = newNode(2);
    head1->next->next = newNode(3);
    head1->next->next->next = newNode(4);
    head1->next->next->next->next = newNode(5);
    head1->next->next->next->next->next = newNode(6);
    head1->next->next->next->next->next->next = newNode(7);
    head1->next->next->next->next->next->next->next = newNode(8);
    cout << "Given linked list\n";
    printlist(head1);
    reverse(&head1);
    cout << "\nReversed linked list\n";
    printlist(head1);
    return 0;
}


Please refer complete article on Reverse a linked list for more details!



Last Updated : 27 Jan, 2023
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