C/C++ if statement with Examples
Decision Making in C/C++ helps to write decision driven statements and execute a particular set of code based on certain conditions.
The C/C++ if statement is the most simple decision making statement. It is used to decide whether a certain statement or block of statements will be executed or not based on a certain type of condition.
Syntax:
if(condition) { // Statements to execute if // condition is true }
Working of if statement
- Control falls into the if block.
- The flow jumps to Condition.
- Condition is tested.
- If Condition yields true, goto Step 4.
- If Condition yields false, goto Step 5.
- The if-block or the body inside the if is executed.
- Flow steps out of the if block.
Note: If we do not provide the curly braces ‘{‘ and ‘}’ after if( condition ) then by default if statement will consider the immediate one statement to be inside its block. For example,
if(condition) statement1; statement2; // Here if the condition is true, // if block will consider only statement1 // to be inside its block.
Example 1:
C
// C program to illustrate If statement #include <stdio.h> int main() { int i = 10; if (i < 15) { printf ( "10 is less than 15 \n" ); } printf ( "I am Not in if" ); } |
C++
// C++ program to illustrate If statement #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { int i = 10; if (i < 15) { cout << "10 is less than 15 \n" ; } cout << "I am Not in if" ; } |
Output:
10 is less than 15 I am Not in if
Dry-Running Example 1:
1. Program starts. 2. i is initialized to 10. 3. if-condition is checked. 10 < 15, yields true. 3.a) "10 is less than 15" gets printed. 4. "I am Not in if" is printed.
Example 2:
C
// C program to illustrate If statement #include <stdio.h> int main() { int i = 10; if (i > 15) { printf ( "10 is greater than 15 \n" ); } printf ( "I am Not in if" ); } |
C++
// C++ program to illustrate If statement #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { int i = 10; if (i > 15) { cout << "10 is greater than 15 \n" ; } cout << "I am Not in if" ; } |
Output:
I am Not in if
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