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C++ if else if Ladder

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Decision-making in C++ helps to write decision-driven statements and execute a particular set of code based on certain conditions.

In C++, the if-else-if ladder helps the user decide from among multiple options. The C++ if statements are executed from the top down. As soon as one of the conditions controlling the if is true, the statement associated with that if is executed, and the rest of the C++ else-if ladder is bypassed. If none of the conditions is true, then the final statement will be executed.

Syntax

if (condition)
statement 1;
else if (condition)
statement 2;
.
.
else
statement;

Working of the if-else-if ladder

  1. Control falls into the if block.
  2. The flow jumps to Condition 1.
  3. Condition is tested.
    1. If Condition yields true, goto Step 4.
    2. If Condition yields false, goto Step 5.
  4. The present block is executed. Goto Step 7.
  5. The flow jumps to Condition 2.
    1. If Condition yields true, goto step 4.
    2. If Condition yields false, goto Step 6.
  6. The flow jumps to Condition 3.
    1. If Condition yields true, goto step 4.
    2. If Condition yields false, execute else block. Goto Step 7.
  7. Exits the if-else-if ladder.

Flowchart if-else-if ladder

if-else-if-ladder

Examples of if else if the ladder

Example 1:

Below program illustrates the use if else if ladder in C++.

C++




// C++ program to illustrate if-else-if ladder 
#include <iostream> 
using namespace std; 
    
int main() 
    int i = 20; 
    
    // Check if i is 10 
    if (i == 10) 
        cout << "i is 10"
    
    // Since i is not 10 
    // Check if i is 15 
    else if (i == 15) 
        cout << "i is 15"
    
    // Since i is not 15 
    // Check if i is 20 
    else if (i == 20) 
        cout << "i is 20"
    
    // If none of the above conditions is true 
    // Then execute the else statement 
    else
        cout << "i is not present"
    
    return 0; 
}


Output

i is 20

Explanation:

  • Program starts.
  • i is initialized to 20.
  • condition 1 is checked. 20 == 10, yields false.
  • condition 2 is checked. 20 == 15, yields false.
  • condition 3 is checked. 20 == 20, yields true. “i is 20” gets printed.
  • “Outside if-else-if” gets printed.
  • Program ends.

Example 2:

Another example to illustrate the use of if else if ladder in C++.

C++




// C++ program to illustrate if-else-if ladder
  
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
  
int main()
{
    int i = 25;
  
    // Check if i is between 0 and 10
    if (i >= 0 && i <= 10)
        cout << "i is between 0 and 10" << endl;
  
    // Since i is not between 0 and 10
    // Check if i is between 11 and 15
    else if (i >= 11 && i <= 15)
        cout << "i is between 11 and 15" << endl;
  
    // Since i is not between 11 and 15
    // Check if i is between 16 and 20
    else if (i >= 16 && i <= 20)
        cout << "i is between 16 and 20" << endl;
  
    // Since i is not between 0 and 20
    // It means i is greater than 20
    else
        cout << "i is greater than 20" << endl;
}


Output

i is greater than 20


Last Updated : 11 Jan, 2024
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