Bitwise XOR of same indexed array elements after rearranging an array to make XOR of same indexed elements of two arrays equal

Given two arrays A[] and B[] consisting of N positive integers, the task is to the Bitwise XOR of same indexed array elements after rearranging the array B[] such that the Bitwise XOR of the same indexed elements of the arrays A[] becomes equal.

Examples:

Input: A[] = {1, 2, 3}, B[] = {4, 6, 7}
Output: 5
Explanation:
Below are the possible arrangements:

• Rearrange the array B[] to {4, 7, 6}. Now, the Bitwise XOR of the same indexed elements are equal, i.e. 1 ^ 4 = 5, 2 ^ 7 = 5, 3 ^ 6 = 5.

After the rearrangements, required Bitwise XOR is 5.

Input: A[] = { 7, 8, 14 }, B[] = { 5, 12, 3 }
Output: 11 
Explanation:
Below are the possible arrangements:

• Rearrange the array B[] to {12, 3, 5}. Now, the Bitwise XOR of the same indexed elements are equal, i.e. 7 ^ 12 = 11, 8 ^ 3 = 11, 14 ^ 5 = 11.

After the rearrangements, required Bitwise XOR is 11.

Naive Approach: The given problem can be solved based on the observation that the count of rearrangements can be at most N because any element in A[] can only be paired with N other integers in B[]. So, there are N candidate values for X. Now, simply XOR all the candidates with each element in A[] and check if B[] can be arranged in that order.

Below is the implementation of the above approach:

C++

// C++ program for the above approach

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

// Function to find all possible values
// of Bitwise XOR such after rearranging
// the array elements the Bitwise XOR
// value at corresponding indexes is same
void findPossibleValues(int A[], int B[],
                        int n)
{

    // Sort the array B
    sort(B, B + n);
    int C[n];

    // Stores all the possible values
    // of the Bitwise XOR
    set<int> numbers;

    // Iterate over the range
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {

        // Possible value of K
        int candidate = A[0] ^ B[i];

        // Array B for the considered
        // value of K
        for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
            C[j] = A[j] ^ candidate;
        }

        sort(C, C + n);
        bool flag = false;

        // Verify if the considered value
        // satisfies the condition or not
        for (int j = 0; j < n; j++)
            if (C[j] != B[j])
                flag = true;

        // Insert the possible Bitwise
        // XOR value
        if (!flag)
            numbers.insert(candidate);
    }

    // Print all the values obtained
    for (auto x : numbers) {
        cout << x << " ";
    }
}

// Driver Code
int main()
{
    int A[] = { 7, 8, 14 };
    int B[] = { 5, 12, 3 };
    int N = sizeof(A) / sizeof(A[0]);
    findPossibleValues(A, B, N);

    return 0;
}

Java

// Java program for the above approach
import java.util.*;

class GFG
{

// Function to find all possible values
// of Bitwise XOR such after rearranging
// the array elements the Bitwise XOR
// value at corresponding indexes is same
static void findPossibleValues(int A[], int B[],
                        int n)
{

    // Sort the array B
    Arrays.sort(B);
    int []C = new int[n];

    // Stores all the possible values
    // of the Bitwise XOR
    HashSet<Integer> numbers = new HashSet<Integer>();

    // Iterate over the range
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {

        // Possible value of K
        int candidate = A[0] ^ B[i];

        // Array B for the considered
        // value of K
        for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
            C[j] = A[j] ^ candidate;
        }

        Arrays.sort(C);
        boolean flag = false;

        // Verify if the considered value
        // satisfies the condition or not
        for (int j = 0; j < n; j++)
            if (C[j] != B[j])
                flag = true;

        // Insert the possible Bitwise
        // XOR value
        if (!flag)
            numbers.add(candidate);
    }

    // Print all the values obtained
    for (int x : numbers) {
        System.out.print(x+ " ");
    }
}

// Driver Code
public static void main(String[] args)
{
    int A[] = { 7, 8, 14 };
    int B[] = { 5, 12, 3 };
    int N = A.length;
    findPossibleValues(A, B, N);

}
}

// This code is contributed by 29AjayKumar

Python3

# Python program for the above approach

# Function to find all possible values
# of Bitwise XOR such after rearranging
# the array elements the Bitwise XOR
# value at corresponding indexes is same
def findPossibleValues(A, B, n):

  # Sort the array B
  B.sort();
  C = [0] * n;

  # Stores all the possible values
  # of the Bitwise XOR
  numbers = set();

  # Iterate over the range
  for i in range(n):

    # Possible value of K
    candidate = A[0] ^ B[i];

    # Array B for the considered
    # value of K
    for j in range(n):
      C[j] = A[j] ^ candidate;


    C.sort();
    flag = False;

    # Verify if the considered value
    # satisfies the condition or not
    for j in range(n):
        if (C[j] != B[j]):
             flag = True;

    # Insert the possible Bitwise
    # XOR value
    if (not flag):
        numbers.add(candidate);


  # Print all the values obtained
  for x in numbers:
    print(x, end = " ");

# Driver Code
A = [7, 8, 14];
B = [5, 12, 3];
N = len(A);
findPossibleValues(A, B, N);

# This code is contributed by gfgking.

C#

// C# program for the above approach
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

public class GFG
{

// Function to find all possible values
// of Bitwise XOR such after rearranging
// the array elements the Bitwise XOR
// value at corresponding indexes is same
static void findPossibleValues(int []A, int []B,
                        int n)
{

    // Sort the array B
    Array.Sort(B);
    int []C = new int[n];

    // Stores all the possible values
    // of the Bitwise XOR
    HashSet<int> numbers = new HashSet<int>();

    // Iterate over the range
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {

        // Possible value of K
        int candidate = A[0] ^ B[i];

        // Array B for the considered
        // value of K
        for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
            C[j] = A[j] ^ candidate;
        }

        Array.Sort(C);
        bool flag = false;

        // Verify if the considered value
        // satisfies the condition or not
        for (int j = 0; j < n; j++)
            if (C[j] != B[j])
                flag = true;

        // Insert the possible Bitwise
        // XOR value
        if (!flag)
            numbers.Add(candidate);
    }

    // Print all the values obtained
    foreach (int x in numbers) {
        Console.Write(x+ " ");
    }
}

// Driver Code
public static void Main(String[] args)
{
    int []A = { 7, 8, 14 };
    int []B = { 5, 12, 3 };
    int N = A.Length;
    findPossibleValues(A, B, N);
}
}

// This code is contributed by 29AjayKumar

Javascript

<script>
// Javascript program for the above approach

// Function to find all possible values
// of Bitwise XOR such after rearranging
// the array elements the Bitwise XOR
// value at corresponding indexes is same
function findPossibleValues(A, B, n) {
  // Sort the array B
  B.sort((a, b) => a - b);
  let C = new Array(n);

  // Stores all the possible values
  // of the Bitwise XOR
  let numbers = new Set();

  // Iterate over the range
  for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    // Possible value of K
    let candidate = A[0] ^ B[i];

    // Array B for the considered
    // value of K
    for (let j = 0; j < n; j++) {
      C[j] = A[j] ^ candidate;
    }

    C.sort((a, b) => a - b);
    let flag = false;

    // Verify if the considered value
    // satisfies the condition or not
    for (let j = 0; j < n; j++) if (C[j] != B[j]) flag = true;

    // Insert the possible Bitwise
    // XOR value
    if (!flag) numbers.add(candidate);
  }

  // Print all the values obtained
  for (let x of numbers) {
    document.write(x + " ");
  }
}

// Driver Code
let A = [7, 8, 14];
let B = [5, 12, 3];
let N = A.length;
findPossibleValues(A, B, N);

// This code is contributed by gfgking.
</script>

Output:

11

Time Complexity: O(N²*log(N))
Auxiliary Space: O(N)

Efficient Approach: The above approach can also be optimized by not sorting the array and store the bit-wise-XOR of all elements of B[], and then the Bitwise XOR with all elements in C[]. Now if the result is 0 then it means both arrays have same elements. Follow the steps below to solve the problem:

• Initialize the variable, say x that stores the XOR of all the elements of the array B[].
• Initialize a set, say numbers[] to store only unique numbers..
• Iterate over the range [0, N) using the variable i and perform the following steps:
  • Initialize the variables candidate as the XOR of A[0] and B[i] and curr_xor as x to see if it is 0 after performing the requires operations.
  • Iterate over the range [0, N) using the variable j and perform the following steps:
    • Initialize the variable y as the XOR of A[j] and candidate and XOR y with curr_xor.
  • If curr_xor is equal to 0, then insert the value candidate into the set numbers[].
• After performing the above steps, print the set numbers[] as the answer.

Below is the implementation of the above approach.

C++

// C++ program for the above approach

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

// Function to find all possible values
// of Bitwise XOR such after rearranging
// the array elements the Bitwise XOR
// value at corresponding indexes is same
void findPossibleValues(int A[], int B[],
                        int n)
{
    // Stores the XOR of the array B[]
    int x = 0;

    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        x = x ^ B[i];
    }

    // Stores all possible value of
    // Bitwise XOR
    set<int> numbers;

    // Iterate over the range
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {

        // Possible value of K
        int candidate = A[0] ^ B[i];
        int curr_xor = x;

        // Array B for the considered
        // value of K
        for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
            int y = A[j] ^ candidate;
            curr_xor = curr_xor ^ y;
        }

        // This means all the elements
        // are equal
        if (curr_xor == 0)
            numbers.insert(candidate);
    }

    // Print all the possible value
    for (auto x : numbers) {
        cout << x << " ";
    }
}

// Driver Code
int main()
{
    int A[] = { 7, 8, 14 };
    int B[] = { 5, 12, 3 };
    int N = sizeof(A) / sizeof(A[0]);
    findPossibleValues(A, B, N);

    return 0;
}

Java

// Java code for above approach
import java.util.*;

class GFG{

// Function to find all possible values
// of Bitwise XOR such after rearranging
// the array elements the Bitwise XOR
// value at corresponding indexes is same
static void findPossibleValues(int A[], int B[],
                        int n)
{
    // Stores the XOR of the array B[]
    int x = 0;

    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        x = x ^ B[i];
    }

    // Stores all possible value of
    // Bitwise XOR
    HashSet<Integer> numbers = new HashSet<Integer>();

    // Iterate over the range
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {

        // Possible value of K
        int candidate = A[0] ^ B[i];
        int curr_xor = x;

        // Array B for the considered
        // value of K
        for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
            int y = A[j] ^ candidate;
            curr_xor = curr_xor ^ y;
        }

        // This means all the elements
        // are equal
        if (curr_xor == 0)
            numbers.add(candidate);
    }

    // Print all the possible value
    for (int i : numbers) {
        System.out.print(i + " ");
    }
}

// Driver Code
public static void main(String[] args)
{
    int A[] = { 7, 8, 14 };
    int B[] = { 5, 12, 3 };
    int N = A.length;
    findPossibleValues(A, B, N);
}
}

// This code is contributed by avijitmondal1998.

Python3

# Python 3 program for the above approach

# Function to find all possible values
# of Bitwise XOR such after rearranging
# the array elements the Bitwise XOR
# value at corresponding indexes is same
def findPossibleValues(A, B, n):

    # Stores the XOR of the array B[]
    x = 0

    for i in range(n):
        x = x ^ B[i]

    # Stores all possible value of
    # Bitwise XOR
    numbers = set()

    # Iterate over the range
    for i in range(n):
        # Possible value of K
        candidate = A[0] ^ B[i]
        curr_xor = x

        # Array B for the considered
        # value of K
        for j in range(n):
            y = A[j] ^ candidate
            curr_xor = curr_xor ^ y

        # This means all the elements
        # are equal
        if (curr_xor == 0):
            numbers.add(candidate)

    # Print all the possible value
    for x in numbers:
        print(x, end = " ")

# Driver Code
if __name__ == '__main__':
    A = [7, 8, 14]
    B = [5, 12, 3]
    N = len(A)
    findPossibleValues(A, B, N)

    # This code is contributed by ipg2016107.

C#

// C# code for above approach
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

public class GFG
{

// Function to find all possible values
// of Bitwise XOR such after rearranging
// the array elements the Bitwise XOR
// value at corresponding indexes is same
static void findPossibleValues(int []A, int []B,
                        int n)
{

    // Stores the XOR of the array []B
    int x = 0;

    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        x = x ^ B[i];
    }

    // Stores all possible value of
    // Bitwise XOR
    HashSet<int> numbers = new HashSet<int>();

    // Iterate over the range
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {

        // Possible value of K
        int candidate = A[0] ^ B[i];
        int curr_xor = x;

        // Array B for the considered
        // value of K
        for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
            int y = A[j] ^ candidate;
            curr_xor = curr_xor ^ y;
        }

        // This means all the elements
        // are equal
        if (curr_xor == 0)
            numbers.Add(candidate);
    }

    // Print all the possible value
    foreach (int i in numbers) {
        Console.Write(i + " ");
    }
}

// Driver Code
public static void Main(String[] args)
{
    int []A = { 7, 8, 14 };
    int []B = { 5, 12, 3 };
    int N = A.Length;
    findPossibleValues(A, B, N);
}
}

// This code is contributed by shikhasingrajput

Javascript

<script>
// javascript code for above approach

// Function to find all possible values
// of Bitwise XOR such after rearranging
// the array elements the Bitwise XOR
// value at corresponding indexes is same
function findPossibleValues(A, B, n)
{

    // Stores the XOR of the array B
    var x = 0;

    for (var i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        x = x ^ B[i];
    }

    // Stores all possible value of
    // Bitwise XOR
    var numbers = new Set();

    // Iterate over the range
    for (var i = 0; i < n; i++) {

        // Possible value of K
        var candidate = A[0] ^ B[i];
        var curr_xor = x;

        // Array B for the considered
        // value of K
        for (var j = 0; j < n; j++) {
            var y = A[j] ^ candidate;
            curr_xor = curr_xor ^ y;
        }

        // This means all the elements
        // are equal
        if (curr_xor == 0)
            numbers.add(candidate);
    }

    // Print all the possible value
    for (var i of numbers) {
        document.write(i + " ");
    }
}

// Driver Code
var A = [ 7, 8, 14 ];
var B = [ 5, 12, 3 ];
var N = A.length;
findPossibleValues(A, B, N);

// This code is contributed by shikhasingrajput
</script>

Output:

11

Time Complexity: O(N²)
Auxiliary Space: O(N) as using set “numbers”