Bitwise operators are used to perform manipulation of individual bits of a number. They can be used with any of the integral types (char, short, int, etc). They are used when performing update and query operations of Binary indexed tree.
- Bitwise OR (|) –
This operator is binary operator, denoted by ‘|’. It returns bit by bit OR of input values, i.e, if either of the bits is 1, it gives 1, else it gives 0.
For example,a = 5 = 0101 (In Binary) b = 7 = 0111 (In Binary) Bitwise OR Operation of 5 and 7 0101 | 0111 ________ 0111 = 7 (In decimal)
- Bitwise AND (&) –
This operator is binary operator, denoted by ‘&’. It returns bit by bit AND of input values, i.e, if both bits are 1, it gives 1, else it gives 0.
For example,a = 5 = 0101 (In Binary) b = 7 = 0111 (In Binary) Bitwise AND Operation of 5 and 7 0101 & 0111 ________ 0101 = 5 (In decimal)
- Bitwise XOR (^) –
This operator is binary operator, denoted by ‘^’. It returns bit by bit XOR of input values, i.e, if corresponding bits are different, it gives 1, else it gives 0.
For example,a = 5 = 0101 (In Binary) b = 7 = 0111 (In Binary) Bitwise XOR Operation of 5 and 7 0101 ^ 0111 ________ 0010 = 2 (In decimal)
- Bitwise Complement (~) –
This operator is unary operator, denoted by ‘~’. It returns the one’s compliment representation of the input value, i.e, with all bits inversed, means it makes every 0 to 1, and every 1 to 0.
For example,
a = 5 = 0101 (In Binary) Bitwise Compliment Operation of 5 ~ 0101 ________ 1010 = 10 (In decimal)
Note – Compiler will give 2’s complement of that number, i.e., 2’s compliment of 10 will be -6.
// Java program to illustrate // bitwise operators public class operators { public static void main(String[] args) { //Initial values int a = 5 ; int b = 7 ; // bitwise and // 0101 & 0111=0101 = 5 System.out.println( "a&b = " + (a & b)); // bitwise or // 0101 | 0111=0111 = 7 System.out.println( "a|b = " + (a | b)); // bitwise xor // 0101 ^ 0111=0010 = 2 System.out.println( "a^b = " + (a ^ b)); // bitwise and // ~0101=1010 // will give 2's complement of 1010 = -6 System.out.println( "~a = " + ~a); // can also be combined with // assignment operator to provide shorthand // assignment // a=a&b a &= b; System.out.println( "a= " + a); } } |
Output :
a&b = 5 a|b = 7 a^b = 2 ~a = -6 a= 5
Shift Operators: These operators are used to shift the bits of a number left or right thereby multiplying or dividing the number by two respectively. They can be used when we have to multiply or divide a number by two. General format:
number shift_op number_of_places_to_shift;
- Signed Right shift operator (>>) –
Shifts the bits of the number to the right and fills 0 on voids left as a result. The leftmost bit depends on the sign of initial number. Similar effect as of dividing the number with some power of two.
For example,Example 1: a = 10 a>>1 = 5 Example 2: a = -10 a>>1 = -5 We preserve the sign bit.
- Unsigned Right shift operator (>>>) –
Shifts the bits of the number to the right and fills 0 on voids left as a result. The leftmost bit is set to 0. (>>>) is unsigned-shift; it’ll insert 0. (>>) is signed, and will extend the sign bit.
For example,Example 1: a = 10 a>>>1 = 5 Example 2: a = -10 a>>>1 = 2147483643 DOES NOT preserve the sign bit.
- Left shift operator (<<) –
Shifts the bits of the number to the left and fills 0 on voids left as a result. Similar effect as of multiplying the number with some power of two.
For example,a = 5 = 0000 0101 b = -10 = 1111 0110 a << 1 = 0000 1010 = 10 a << 2 = 0001 0100 = 20 b << 1 = 1110 1100 = -20 b << 2 = 1101 1000 = -40
- Unsigned Left shift operator (<<<) –
Unlike unsigned Right Shift, there is no “<<<" operator in Java, because the logical (<<) and arithmetic left-shift (<<<) operations are identical.
// Java program to illustrate // shift operators public class operators { public static void main(String[] args) { int a = 5 ; int b = - 10 ; // left shift operator // 0000 0101<<2 =0001 0100(20) // similar to 5*(2^2) System.out.println( "a<<2 = " + (a << 2 )); // right shift operator // 0000 0101 >> 2 =0000 0001(1) // similar to 5/(2^2) System.out.println( "b>>2 = " + (b >> 2 )); // unsigned right shift operator System.out.println( "b>>>2 = " + (b >>> 2 )); } } |
Output :
a<<2 = 20 b>>2 = -3 b>>>2 = 1073741821
Refer for – other Operators in Java
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